scholarly journals Why are East African Players Absent in European Football? Localizing African Football Migration Along Structural Constraints, Colonial Legacies and Voluntary Immobility

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 397-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Ungruhe ◽  
Mads Backer Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
East Africa ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Structural Constraints ◽  
African Continent ◽  
East African ◽  
Massive Influx ◽  
Colonial Legacies ◽  
European Football ◽  
Scholarly Attention

While studies on transnational African football migration have increasingly attracted scholarly attention, little is known about the continent’s regional particularities. However, in contrast to the massive influx of footballers from West and North Africa, squads of European professional clubs seldom include players from East Africa. Yet, the concentration on West Africa in academic studies runs the risk of overgeneralizing certain practices on the African continent and, hence, of reproducing Africa’s standing as the homogeneous peripheral other. By analyzing the various historical, structural, and socio-cultural reasons for the general absence of migrant footballers from East Africa, we aim at contributing to a more nuanced picture of African football migration and further discuss the ambivalent consequences of players’ spatial immobility for East Africa’s football development.

scholarly journals Regional African stock markets indices

2002 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
T. Fish ◽  
N. Biekpe
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
East Africa ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Stock Markets ◽  
African Continent ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Market Trends ◽  
Market Capitalisation

This paper presents an overview of the construction of regional indices for three of the four regions within Africa. The three indices are the EASDEX (for East Africa), the NADEX (for North Africa) and the WADEX (for West Africa). The SADC region has been excluded, as it has recently been concluded as the subject of study, in which the index, the SADIX was constructed (Tyandela, 2001). The weekly market capitalisation data collected for the construction of these indices was further used to construct an All-Africa index. These indices could in future assist investors both locally and internationally to determine the movement of indices as a way of assessing market trends and opportunities for investment on the African continent.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Sharpe
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
East Africa ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Horn Of Africa ◽  
Refugee Protection

This introductory chapter begins by presenting the book’s structure in section A. Section B then delineates the book’s contours, outlining four aspects of refugee protection in Africa that are not addressed. Section C provides context, with a contemporary overview of the state of refugee protection in Africa. It also looks at the major aspects of the refugee situations in each of Africa’s principal geographic sub-regions: East Africa (including the Horn of Africa), Central Africa and the Great Lakes, West Africa, Southern Africa, and North Africa. Section D then concludes with an outline of the theoretical approach to regime relationships employed throughout the book.

Molecular investigation of the Pfmdr1 gene of Plasmodium falciparum isolates in Henan Province imported from Africa

Parasitology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (3) ◽  
pp. 372-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengyun Yang ◽  
Ruimin Zhou ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Suhua Li ◽  
Dan Qian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
West Africa ◽  
East Africa ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Henan Province ◽  
Pfmdr1 Gene ◽  
Antimalarial Resistance ◽  
African Migrant

AbstractEfficacious antimalarial drugs are important for malaria control and elimination, and continuous monitoring of their efficacy is essential. The prevalence and distribution of Pfmdr1 were evaluated in African migrant workers in Henan Province. Among 632 isolates, 13 haplotypes were identified, NYSND (39.87%, 252/632), YYSND (2.85%, 18/632), NFSND (31.01%, 196/632), NYSNY (0.47%, 3/632), YFSND (13.77%, 87/632), NFSNY (0.32%, 2/632), YYSNY (2.06%, 13/632), YFSNY (0.16%, 1/632), N/Y YSND (1.90%, 12/632), N Y/F SND (6.17%, 39/632), N/Y Y/F SND (0.47%, 3/632), YYSN D/Y (0.16%, 1/632) and N/Y FSND (0.79%, 5/632). The highest frequency of NYSND was observed in individuals from North Africa (63.64%, 7/11), followed by South Africa (61.33%, 111/181), Central Africa (33.33%, 56/168), West Africa (28.94%, 68/235) and East Africa (27.03%, 10/37) (χ2 = 54.605, P < 0.05). The highest frequency of NFSND was observed in East Africa (48.65%, 18/37), followed by West Africa (39.14%, 92/235), Central Africa (26.79%, 45/168), South Africa (22.65%, 41/181) and North Africa (9.09%, 1/11) (χ2 = 22.368 P < 0.05). The mutant prevalence of codons 86 and 184 decreased. These data may provide complementary information on antimalarial resistance that may be utilized in the development of a treatment regimen for Henan Province.

East African English

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Schmied
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
East Africa ◽  
National Language ◽  
Internet Research ◽  
East African ◽  
Independent System ◽  
Outer Circle ◽  
Research Opportunities ◽  
African Languages ◽  
Cognitive Awareness

English in East Africa is a well-developed usage variety (or a cluster of usage varieties), although it is not as indigenized as in West Africa, for instance, because many functions in the language repertoire are still taken over by Kiswahili and other African languages. The debate on developing an independent norm is not prominent, although at least English in Kenya could be classified as an outer circle variety. Theoretically, innovations, including borrowings from the national language Kiswahili, are less prominent than expansions of usages well-known from other New Englishes. Few features are really pervasive (like phoneme mergers) and accepted, so that an independent system cannot be identified easily. The socio-cognitive awareness of variation is not very pronounced, although English users are aware of national and even subnational features, especially in pronunciation, lexis, and idiomaticity. Today new internet research opportunities can complement the 20 year old data from the International Corpus of English (ICE).

scholarly journals Modern Swahili: an integration of Arabic culture into Swahili literature

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-133
Author(s):  
Hanah Chaga Mwaliwa
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
African Continent ◽  
Cultural Interaction ◽  
East African ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Long Period ◽  
African People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Geographical Position

Due to her geographical position, the African continent has for many centuries hosted visitors from other continents such as Asia and Europe. Such visitors came to Africa as explorers, missionaries, traders and colonialists. Over the years, the continent has played host to the Chinese, Portuguese, Persians, Indians, Arabs and Europeans. Arabs have had a particularly long history of interaction with East African people, and have therefore made a significant contribution to the development of the Swahili language. Swahili is an African native language of Bantu origin which had been in existence before the arrival of Arabs in East Africa. The long period of interaction between Arabs and the locals led to linguistic borrowing mainly from Arabic to Swahili. The presence of loanwords in Swahili is evidence of cultural interaction between the Swahili and Arabic people. The Arabic words are borrowed from diverse registers of the language. Hence, Swahili literature is loaded with Arabic cultural aspects through Arabic loanwords. Many literary works are examples of Swahili literature that contains such words. As a result, there is evidence of Swahili integrating Arabic culture in its literature, an aspect that this paper seeks to highlight.

scholarly journals Comparative population structuring of molecular and allozyme variation of Drosophila melanogaster Adh between Europe, West Africa and East Africa

1995 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Véronique Bénassi ◽  
Michel Veuille
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
West Africa ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
East African ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
African Populations ◽  
Population Structuring ◽  
Two Populations

SummaryRestriction enzyme molecular variation in Drosophila melanogaster Adh was compared between three natural populations from Europe, West Africa and East Africa. The frequency distribution of silent variation in the slow allele was compatible with the neutral model in all three samples. The number of haplotypes in East Africa was significantly higher than in the other two populations. The largest divergence, as measured by Fst, was between the East African population and a group made up from the West African, the European, and previously studied American populations. We suggest that a split first occurred within African populations at least 44000 years ago. European populations separated from West Africa more recently, between the last glacial maximum and the post-glacial optimum, 18000 to 8000 years ago. We suggest that this species was domesticated recently relative to human evolution, possibly with the advent of agriculture. Population differentiation with respect to the two allozymes, fast and slow, does not follow the geographical pattern of silent variation. It opposes European to both African populations, and probably results from selection for adaptation to alcohol in recent temperate populations.

scholarly journals Secular trends in the prevalence of female genital mutilation/cutting among girls: a systematic analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. e000549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngianga-Bakwin Kandala ◽  
Martinsixtus C Ezejimofor ◽  
Olalekan A Uthman ◽  
Paul Komba
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
East Africa ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Female Genital Mutilation ◽  
Secular Trends ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Genital Mutilation ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Female Genital

BackgroundCurrent evidence on the decline in the prevalence of female genital mutilation or cutting (FGM/C) has been lacking worldwide. This study analyses the prevalence estimates and secular trends in FGM/C over sustained periods (ie, 1990–2017). Its aim is to provide analytical evidence on the changing prevalence of FGM/C over time among girls aged 0–14 years and examine geographical variations in low-income and middle-income countries.MethodsAnalysis on the shift in prevalence of FGM/C was undertaken using the Demographic Health Survey (DHS) and Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) data sets from Africa and Middle East. A random-effects model was used to derive overall prevalence estimates. Using Poisson regression models, we conducted time trends analyses on the FGM/C prevalence estimates between 1990 and 2017.FindingsWe included 90 DHS and MICS data sets for 208 195 children (0–14 years) from 29 countries spread across Africa and two countries in Western Asia. The prevalence of FGM/C among children varied greatly between countries and regions and also within countries over the survey periods. The percentage decline in the prevalence of FGM/C among children aged 0–14 years old was highest in East Africa, followed by North and West Africa. The prevalence decreased from 71.4% in 1995 to 8.0% in 2016 in East Africa. In North Africa, the prevalence decreased from 57.7% in 1990 to 14.1% in 2015. In West Africa, the prevalence decreased from 73.6% in 1996 to 25.4% in 2017. The results of the trend analysis showed a significant shift downwards in the prevalence of FGM/C among children aged 0–14 years in such regions and subregions of East Africa, North Africa and West Africa. East Africa has experienced a much faster decrease in the prevalence of the practice (trend=−7.3%, 95% CI −7.5% to −7.1%) per year from 1995 to 2014. By contrast, the decline in prevalence has been much slower in North Africa (trend=−4.4%, 95% CI −4.5% to −4.3%) and West Africa (trend=−3.0%, 95% CI −3.1% to −2.9%).ConclusionThe prevalence of FGM/C among children aged 0–14 years varied greatly between countries and regions and also within countries over the survey periods. There is evidence of huge and significant decline in the prevalence of FGM/C among children across countries and regions. There is a need to sustain comprehensive intervention efforts and further targeted efforts in countries and regions still showing high prevalence of FGM/C among children, where the practice is still pervasive.

Neotypification of Delphinium dasycaulon (Ranunculaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 231 (2) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
Florian Jabbour ◽  
Stefan Dressler
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Disjunct Distribution ◽  
The South ◽  
East African ◽  
Tropical Africa ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Perennial Plant ◽  
The North ◽  
African Rift

The afromontane species Delphinium dasycaulon Fresenius (1837: 272) is one of the three species of Delphinium Linnaeus (1753: 530) (Ranunculaceae) distributed in tropical Africa. This perennial plant has a disjunct distribution, with isolated populations in East Africa (from Djibouti and Eritrea in the North to Malawi and Zambia in the South) and West Africa (Cameroon and Nigeria) (Milne-Redhead & Turrill 1952). Interestingly, no specimen has ever been collected in the central part of the East African Rift region (Kenya and Uganda), where the two other afromontane species of the genus occur: D. macrocentrum Oliver (1886: 397) which is endemic on Mt. Elgon and in the Kenyan Highlands, and D. leroyi Franchet ex Huth (1895: 474), which has a broader distribution in tropical East Africa ranging from Ethiopia in the North to Tanzania in the South (Milne-Redhead & Turrill 1952).

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