Role of the Nasal Airway in Regulation of Airway Resistance During Hypercapnia and Exercise Second-Place Resident Award at 1982 Research Forum

1984 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 302-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet S. Mertz ◽  
Thomas V. Mccaffrey ◽  
Eugene B. Kern
Keyword(s):  
Airway Resistance ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Respiratory Center ◽  
Nasal Airway ◽  
Nasal Resistance ◽  
Adult Volunteers

Posterior mask rhinomanometry was used to measure nasal resistance during exercise and hypercapnia in 10 healthy adult volunteers. Exercise was produced by peddling a stationary bicycle at three loads. Hypercapnia was produced by breathing O2 mixtures containing 5%, 6%, and 8% CO2. The results showed that (1) nasal resistance decreases linearly as expired CO2 levels and exercise levels increase, (2) minute ventilation increases linearly as expired CO2 levels and exercise levels increase, and (3) nasal resistance varies inversely with minute ventilation during both hypercapnia and exercise. The constant relationship between nasal resistance and minute ventilation during hypercapnia and exercise suggests that nasal resistance is regulated by the respiratory center to match the level of respiratory demand.

Topical active H1-antihistamines and their effect on nasal airway resistance

1995 ◽  
Vol 109 (9) ◽  
pp. 841-843
Author(s):  
R. J. van Houten ◽  
D. J. Premachandra
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Spray ◽  
Airway Resistance ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Nasal Airway ◽  
Subjective Improvement ◽  
Airway Patency ◽  
Subjective Change ◽  
Nasal Airway Resistance ◽  
H1 Antihistamines ◽  
Adult Volunteers

AbstractThe introduction of a topically active H1-antihistamine nasal spray Azelastine, has given an extra dimension in the management of allergic rhinits. The drug acts rapidly and avoids the sustemic adverse effects of antihistimines. An objective prospective study was performed to detect the effect of Azelastine nasal spray on nasal airway resistance. Twelve healthy adult volunteers with no rhinological problems were included in the study. Nasal cavites were sprayed with 280 μg (two puffs) of Azelastine nasal spray and the nasal airway resistance was measured with anterior rhinomanometry at intervals of 30 minutes for up to two hours. Our study has shown statistically significant increase in the total nasal airway resistance following the use orf Azelastine nasal spray in the absence of a subjective change in nasal airway resistance. There are substances when inhaled which can cause subjective improvement in nasal airway patency without changing the measured nasal airway resistance. However this medication gives no subjective change in nasal airway patency in spite of increasing nasal airway resistance.

Objective assessment of nasal resistance among electronic cigarette users

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
S W Lim ◽  
AB Zulkiflee
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Airway Resistance ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nasal Airway ◽  
Nasal Resistance ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Nasal Airway Resistance

Abstract Background Electronic cigarettes have been a popular alternative to tobacco smoking. The effect of tobacco smoking on nasal airway resistance has been investigated before; however, the effect of the aerosol generated by electronic cigarettes is still unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the short-term effects of e-cigarettes on nasal airway resistance. Methods Sixty-one participants were recruited into a vapers group and a control group. The vapers group was instructed to smoke for 5 minutes, and their nasal resistance was measured pre-procedure and at 1 and 5 minutes post-procedure. The results were compared between both groups. Results Repeated measures analysis of variance demonstrated that vaping has no statistically significant effect on total nasal airway resistance. Conclusion Although the differences between both groups were not statistically significant overall, the vapers group showed a reduction in nasal airway resistance in the short term.

Performance and work of nasal breathing

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (41) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Anita Bergmane ◽  
Klaus Vogt ◽  
Biruta Sloka
Keyword(s):  
Airway Resistance ◽  
Interquartile Range ◽  
Nasal Airway ◽  
Nasal Resistance ◽  
Nasal Breathing ◽  
First Line ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Potential Parameters ◽  
Inspiratory Work

Abstract OBJECTIVE. To evaluate performance (Q) and work (W) of nasal breathing as potential parameters in functional diagnostic of nasal obstruction. MATERIAL AND METHODS. We included in our study 250 patients and we measured by 4-phase-rhinomanometry with decongestion test. We calculated performance Q of the “representative breath” in inspiration and expiration and in total breath, maximal performance Q (Qmax), Work W of nasal breathing in mJ and in mJ/litre and Q in J/min. RESULTS. The interquartile range of Win for representative breath before decongestion is 356 mJ/l, Wex 308 mJ/l, while after decongestion Win is 264 mJ/l and Wex 220 mJ/l. There is no significant difference between work before and after decongestion (p<0.001). Interquartile range for nasal breathing Q before decongestion is 19.2 J/min and after – 14.3 J/min. A significant correlation exists between logarithmic vertex resistance for inspiration and expiration and Qmax for inspiration and expiration (p<0.001). That means that the performance required by breathing depends in the first line on nasal resistance. CONCLUSION. Inspiratory work is 1.2 times higher than expiration work. Increase in nasal airway resistance is followed by increase in maximal nasal performance.

Dyspnea following Experimentally Induced Increased Nasal Airway Resistance

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald W. Warren ◽  
Robert Mayo ◽  
David J. Zajac ◽  
A. H. Rochet
Keyword(s):  
Airway Resistance ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Breathing Rate ◽  
Nasal Airway ◽  
Nasal Resistance ◽  
Nasal Breathing ◽  
Oral Breathing ◽  
A Value ◽  
Normal Breathing ◽  
Study Support

Nasal resistance (NRZ) values for healthy adults range from 1.0 to 3.5 cm H2O/L/sec. Some oral breathing tends to occur at values above 3.5. The purpose of the present study was to determine at what level of NRZ individuals sense that nasal breathing is difficult. A diaphragm was used to add four different resistance loads in random to 15 adult subjects. These loads were 5, 8, and 15 cm H2O/L/sec and a value 40% above the individual's normal NRZ. Loads were added under four conditions: normal breathing, fixed flow rate, fixed breathing rate, and fixed flow and breathing rate. The pressure-flow technique was used to measure NRZ under all conditions. The study revealed that the sensation of breathing difficulty occurred at a median resistance of 5 cm H2O/L/sec and, as subjects were constrained to maintain fixed flow and breathing rates, the magnitude of RZ, at which the sensation of dyspnea was noted, decreased. The values observed in this study support previous findings suggesting that individuals switch to some oral breathing to maintain an adequate level of upper airway resistance at values between 3.5 and 4.5 cm H2/L/sec. The findings also show that individuals attempt to minimize increases in airway resistance by modifying breathing behaviors.

Influence of nasal airflow and resistance on nasal dilator muscle activities during exercise

1993 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 2529-2536 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Connel ◽  
R. F. Fregosi
Keyword(s):  
Airway Resistance ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Nasal Airway ◽  
Nasal Airflow ◽  
Nasal Breathing ◽  
Airway Patency ◽  
Dilator Muscle ◽  
The Face ◽  
Flow Turbulence ◽  
Nasal Flow

Our purpose was to assess the separate effects of nasal airflow and resistance on the activity of the nasal dilator [alae nasi (AN)] muscles. Nasal airflow and the AN electromyogram were recorded at rest and during progressive-intensity exercise at 60, 120, and 150–180 W in 10 healthy subjects who breathed nasally under all conditions. The activity of the AN muscles increased linearly as a function of the increase in nasal minute ventilation evoked by progressive-intensity exercise (r = 0.99, P < 0.002). Reciprocal changes in nasal airflow and resistance were produced by surreptitious substitution of 12–15 breaths of 79% He-21% O2 for air at rest and during exercise. The switch to He-O2 decreased airway resistance (anterior rhinomanometry) by approximately 30% at rest and 40–60% during exercise. He-O2 did not change nasal flow or AN activities significantly under resting conditions. In contrast, He-O2 increased nasal flow and decreased the AN electromyogram by 25–50% during exercise (P < 0.05). The results suggest that AN muscle activities during nasal breathing are regulated by mechanisms that track airway resistance or the level of flow turbulence. The increase in AN activities during exercise probably helps ensure nasal airway patency in the face of the considerable collapsing pressures that prevail under these conditions.

Control of nasal dilator muscle activities during exercise: role of nasopharyngeal afferents

1996 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
pp. 1520-1527 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sullivan ◽  
D. Fuller ◽  
R. F. Fregosi
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Airway Resistance ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Receptor Activity ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Nasal Airway ◽  
Bicycle Exercise ◽  
Dilator Muscle ◽  
Response To Exercise

Our primary aim was to determine whether reducing the activity of nasal airway receptors would influence drive to the nasal dilator muscles (NDMs) during exercise. We used lidocaine (2%) or nasal splints to diminish afferent airway receptor activity and measured the electromyogram (EMG) activity of the NDMs during incremental bicycle exercise in subjects who breathed nasally. NDM EMG activities increased as a function of exercise intensity but were not changed by lidocaine and were only slightly reduced by splinting. Similarly, neither intervention altered the normal decrease in NDM EMG activity associated with reductions in airway resistance evoked by He-O2 breathing. We also compared the NDM EMG response to exercise with that evoked by CO2 rebreathing at rest to determine whether the nature of the ventilatory stimulus influences drive to the NDMs; comparisons were made at constant levels of nasal inspired ventilation and, therefore, constant total ventilatory output. The increase in EMG activity was much higher during exercise compared with hyperoxic hypercapnia. In conclusion, 1) desensitizing the nasal airway does not alter NDM activity significantly during exercise and 2) exercise results in much greater increases in NDM activity compared with hypercapnia, indicating that different ventilatory stimuli can evoke more or less activation of upper airway motoneurons, even when comparisons are made at constant levels of total ventilatory output.

Rhinomanometry evaluation of the effects of pre- and post-operative SMR on exercise

1990 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhat Nofal ◽  
Michael Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Airway Resistance ◽  
Nasal Airway ◽  
Nasal Resistance ◽  
Corrective Surgery ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Examination Protocol ◽  
Nasal Airway Resistance ◽  
Septal Surgery

AbstractNasal airway resistance due to uncomplicated DNS was examined in 43 patients, and the results compared with those obtained following corrective surgery. The patients were examined independently by the two authors using a strict examination protocol. Rhinomanometry was carried out pre- and post-operatively at rest and after exercise assessing the worst and the better breathing nostrils separately. The results show that both resting and post-exercise nasal resistance was reduced following septal surgery.

Active anterior rhinomanometry analysis in normal adult Malays

2003 ◽  
Vol 117 (8) ◽  
pp. 605-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Suzina ◽  
M. Hamzah ◽  
A. R. Samsudin
Keyword(s):  
Airway Resistance ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Nasal Airway ◽  
Nasal Resistance ◽  
Clinical Method ◽  
Pressure Point ◽  
Nasal Airway Resistance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Reference Pressure ◽  
Active Anterior Rhinomanometry

The differences in facial anatomical structures of the major ethnic groups,may also be reflected in nasal resistance. Active anterior rhinomanometry (AAR) is the recommended technique for the objective assessment of nasal airway resistance (NAR). This study comprised of 85 adult Malay subjects. All the subjects had to undergo a primary assessment of relevantsymptoms of nasal disease and nasal examination before undergoing AAR assessment. The mean value of total nasal airway resistance (NAR) was 0.19 Pa/cm3/s (ranged from 0.09 to 0.55Pa/cm3/s) at 75 Pa pressure point and 0.24 Pa/cm3/s ranged from 0.12 to 0.52 Pa/cm3/s) at 150 Pa pressure point. The mean unilateral NARwas 0.46 Pa/cm3/s at a reference pressure of 75 Pa and 0.51 Pa/cm3/s at a reference pressure of 150 Pa. In this study we presented normal values for NAR in healthy Malay adult subjects. AARproves to be a valuable clinical method for recording and quantitating nasal resistance.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document