Variations in Maximum Amplitude of Facial Expressions between and within Normal Subjects

Definitive proof of efficacy of preventions and therapeutic interventions, and of risk factors in lower motor neuron facial paralyses continue to be confounded by the lack of repeatable quantitative measures of outcome. Clinical and research experience with human facial expression repeatedly demonstrates wide variations between subjects. To our knowledge, little information is available to isolate and describe the differences in dynamic facial expression between and within normal subjects. The purpose of this study is to use a statistical model to analyze the components of the observed variations of maximum amplitude measurement of image change during normal human subject facial expressions. Seventeen consecutive normal adult human subjects with no current or past evidence of facial nerve or ear disease were studied. Videotapes of command facial expressions were taken using specific and standardized conditions. The tapes were analyzed using a new computer-assisted image-change analysis program capable of generating dimensional data for the maximum amplitude of expression. These data were statistically analyzed using a General Linear Model with Nested variables to isolate and define component variations and errors. The General Linear Model predicted 88% of the observed total variation ( p < 0.05).* A model performance this high suggests that most of the important independent variables were being studied. The major component of the variations was the difference among (between) subjects. Seventy-seven percent of the predicted variation was due to this difference ( p < 0.05). Little of the variation (1%) seemed to be within-subjects. Test-retest agreement was acceptable. Most of the data were tightly clustered about the mean and there was no stochasticly significant difference between test-retest ( p = 0.1187). We are encouraged by these results. They suggest the potential value of this and other dimensional techniques applied to facial expression. This study demonstrates that a computer-assisted image-change analysis program is capable of generating dimensional data that can be statistically analyzed in order to isolate and define component variations and errors.

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Neural correlates of victimization in psychosis: differences in brain response to angry faces

npj Schizophrenia ◽

10.1038/s41537-019-0082-z ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Elisabeth C. D. van der Stouwe ◽

Jooske T. van Busschbach ◽

Esther M. Opmeer ◽

Bertine de Vries ◽

Jan-Bernard C. Marsman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Linear Model ◽

Facial Expressions ◽

Brain Activation ◽

General Linear Model ◽

Neural Correlates ◽

Brain Response ◽

Sensorimotor Network ◽

The Past ◽

Regional Brain ◽

Increased Risk

Abstract Individuals with psychosis are at an increased risk of victimization. Processing of facial expressions has been suggested to be associated with victimization in this patient group. Especially processing of angry expressions may be relevant in the context of victimization. Therefore, differences in brain activation and connectivity between victimized and nonvictimized patients during processing of angry faces were investigated. Thirty-nine patients, of whom nineteen had experienced threats, assaults, or sexual violence in the past 5 years, underwent fMRI scanning, during which they viewed angry and neutral facial expressions. Using general linear model (GLM) analyses, generalized psychophysiological (gPPI) analysis and independent component analyses (ICA) differences in brain activation and connectivity between groups in response to angry faces were investigated. Whereas differences in regional brain activation GLM and gPPI analyses yielded no differences between groups, ICA revealed more deactivation of the sensorimotor network in victimized participants. Deactivation of the sensorimotor network in response to angry faces in victimized patients, might indicate a freeze reaction to threatening stimuli, previously observed in traumatized individuals.

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Variations in maximum amplitude of facial expressions between and within normal subjects

Otolaryngology ◽

10.1016/s0194-5998(94)70793-6 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 110 (1) ◽

pp. 60-63 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J NEELY ◽

J JEKEL ◽

J CHEUNG

Keyword(s):

Facial Expressions ◽

Maximum Amplitude ◽

Normal Subjects

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Özlüce Baraj Gölü’ndeki Capoeta trutta (Heckel, 1843) populasyonunda Balık Boyu-Otolit Biyometrisi İlişkisi

Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology ◽

10.24925/turjaf.v6i6.764-769.1911 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. 764 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mustafa Düşükcan

Keyword(s):

Image Analysis ◽

Sex Determination ◽

Computer Assisted ◽

Analysis Program ◽

Male And Female ◽

Total Length ◽

Length Relationship ◽

Fish Samples ◽

Computer Assisted Image ◽

Left And Right

In this study, otolith biometry-total length relationship was investigated in longspine scraper, Capoeta trutta (Heckel, 1843) obtained from Özlüce Dam Lake, which was built on Peri Stream at Elazığ-Bingöl province border. For this purpose, total 115 fish samples (60 males and 55 females) were examined between September 2017 and December 2017. The sex determination was made after the total length of them was measured. The left and right otoliths of each fish were removed and they were made ready for measurement. Otolith weights (OA) were determined to a precision of 0.0001g. Otolith length (OU) and otolith width (OG) were measured using a computer-assisted image analysis program. The differences between right and left otoliths and between male and female otoliths in term of OA, OU and OG values were not statistically found significant. In the all population, TB, OU, OG and OA values were found as 118-381 mm, 1.536-3.734 mm, 1.049-2.585 mm and 1.10-13.90 mg respectively. The relationships of TB with OU, OG and OA were found to be positive and strong.

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Computer Assisted Image Reconstruction of Oligomer Structure

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100092323 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 34 ◽

pp. 472-473

Author(s):

A.M. Jones ◽

A. Max Fiskin

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Depth Of Field ◽

Computer Assisted ◽

Projection Data ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Single Particles ◽

Dimensional Reconstruction ◽

Computer Assisted Image ◽

The Fourier Transform ◽

Space Approach

If the tilt of a specimen can be varied either by the strategy of observing identical particles orientated randomly or by use of a eucentric goniometer stage, three dimensional reconstruction procedures are available (l). If the specimens, such as small protein aggregates, lack periodicity, direct space methods compete favorably in ease of implementation with reconstruction by the Fourier (transform) space approach (2). Regardless of method, reconstruction is possible because useful specimen thicknesses are always much less than the depth of field in an electron microscope. Thus electron images record the amount of stain in columns of the object normal to the recording plates. For single particles, practical considerations dictate that the specimen be tilted precisely about a single axis. In so doing a reconstructed image is achieved serially from two-dimensional sections which in turn are generated by a series of back-to-front lines of projection data.

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New polarized-light microscope for fast and orientation independent measurement of birefringent fine structure

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100146254 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 51 ◽

pp. 82-83

Author(s):

Rudolf Oldenbourg

Keyword(s):

Light Microscope ◽

Polarized Light ◽

Video Camera ◽

Limited Range ◽

Image Point ◽

Computer Assisted ◽

Optical Modulators ◽

Anisotropic Structures ◽

Long Time ◽

Computer Assisted Image

The polarized light microscope has the unique potential to measure submicroscopic molecular arrangements dynamically and non-destructively in living cells and other specimens. With the traditional pol-scope, however, single images display only those anisotropic structures that have a limited range of orientations with respect to the polarization axes of the microscope. Furthermore, rapid measurements are restricted to a single image point or single area that exhibits uniform birefringence or other form of optical anisotropy, while measurements comparing several image points take an inordinately long time.We are developing a new kind of polarized light microscope which combines speed and high resolution in its measurement of the specimen anisotropy, irrespective of its orientation. The design of the new pol-scope is based on the traditional polarized light microscope with two essential modifications: circular polarizers replace linear polarizers and two electro-optical modulators replace the traditional compensator. A video camera and computer assisted image analysis provide measurements of specimen anisotropy in rapid succession for all points of the image comprising the field of view.

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