Segmented Assimilation: Issues, Controversies, and Recent Research on the New Second Generation

1997 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 975-1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
The State ◽  
Assimilation Theory ◽  
Segmented Assimilation ◽  
Host Society ◽  
Future Studies

The segmented assimilation theory offers a theoretical framework for understanding the process by which the new second generation – the children of contemporary immigrants – becomes incorporated into the system of stratification in the host society and the different outcomes of this process. This article examines the issues and controversies surrounding the development of the segmented assimilation theory and reviews the state of recent empirical research relevant to this theoretical approach. It also highlights main conclusions from recent research that bear on this theory and their implications for future studies.

Forging a Diasporic Nigerian Ethnicity in the United States and Britain

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onoso Imoagene
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
The United States ◽  
Assimilation Theory ◽  
Segmented Assimilation

Chapter 4 examines why the Nigerian second generation in both the United States and Britain did not forge a reactive black ethnicity as predicted by segmented assimilation theory. It describes how blackness can be constructed to be ethnically diverse. The chapter details how the Nigerian second generation are forging a diasporic Nigerian ethnicity in the United States and Britain via two simultaneous processes required in identity formation: signaling difference from members of other groups and establishing similarity to determine the boundaries of group membership. I thoroughly discuss the cultural, moral and socioeconomic boundaries established by the Nigerian second generation to delineate ethnic parameters between themselves and their proximal host. I also explain why the second generation in Britain does not draw as sharp of a boundary between themselves and their proximal hosts compared to their U.S. counterparts.

“You Are Not Like Me!”

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onoso Imoagene
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Assimilation Theory ◽  
Segmented Assimilation ◽  
Key Factor

Chapter 2 shows how the proximal host is a crucial actor influencing how the second generation of Nigerian ancestry identify. How the presence of the proximal host affects identity formation among the black second generation is generally overlooked in segmented assimilation theory and is a key factor emphasized in beyond racialization theory. The chapter details how relations with the proximal host in childhood, particularly feelings of rejection and exclusion based on perceived physical and cultural differences, laid the foundation for developing a distinct ethnicity in adulthood. I discuss the responses of the proximal hosts in the United States and Britain to the Nigerian second generation when they were young. What was viewed as discriminatory responses by members of the proximal host by the Nigerian second generation fostered a feeling of being black but different among the Nigerian second generation. The tense relations between proximal hosts and the African second generation required the young Nigerian second generation to start the process of defining what being black meant to them and defining a diasporic ethnic identity differentiating them from their proximal hosts.

Exploring an Institutionalist and Post-Desert Theoretical Approach to Multiple-Offense Sentencing

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Bottoms
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
The Way

This chapter begins with a discussion of Neil MacCormick’s institutionalist approach to legal phenomena, and argues that this theoretical framework has value as a way to study multiple offense sentencing (MOS). The most thorough completed empirical research into MOS, by Austin Lovegrove in Victoria, Australia, is then considered, alongside the leading Victorian case of Azzopardi v. R. Congruently with the expectations of institutionalism, this analysis uncovers several separate normative principles used by judges in MOS practice. These results are discussed through the lens of what can be described as “post-desert theory.” Overall, the analyses in the chapter are intended to pave the way for the development of a more coherent answer to the question: “what principles should optimally guide sentencers when dealing with cases involving multiple offenses?”

A Critical Review of Online Consumer Behavior

2008 ◽  
pp. 2038-2055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christy M.K. Cheung ◽  
Gloria W.W. Chan ◽  
Moez Limayem
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Integrative Model ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Online Consumer Behavior ◽  
The Past ◽  
Online Consumer

Empirical research on online consumer theory has been examined under diverse contexts over the years. Although researchers from a variety of business disciplines have made significant progress over the past few years, the scope of these studies is rather broad, the studies appear relatively fragmented and no unifying theoretical framework is found in this area. In view of this, this study attempts to provide an exhaustive review of prior theoretical literature and to provide an integrative model of online consumer behavior. This framework not only provides us with a cohesive view of online consumer behavior, but also serves as a salient guideline for researchers in this area. The paper is concluded with a research agenda for future studies.

scholarly journals Achievement and Expectations of Immigrant, Second Generation, and Non-immigrant Black Students in U.S. Higher Education

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Hudley
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Immigrant Students ◽  
Ecological Theory ◽  
Assimilation Theory ◽  
Segmented Assimilation ◽  
Black Immigrant ◽  
Cultural Ecological ◽  
Cultural Ecological Theory

Research on academic achievement contrasting Black immigrant, second generation, and non-immigrant students as distinct groups is surprisingly sparse in the higher education literature.  This study examined Black immigrant and second generation undergraduates from Africa and the Caribbean and non-immigrant Black American undergraduates, using the contrasting lenses of segmented assimilation theory and cultural ecological theory. Results for academic achievement favored second generation students, consistent with cultural ecological theory, while findings concerning expectations were more consistent with segmented assimilation theory.  However, findings were moderated by gender in complex ways.  This research indicates the need for more comprehensive theories of immigrant student achievement and motivation that incorporate consideration of the context surrounding both emigration from the home country and immigration to the host country.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Political Authority ◽  
The State ◽  
Dual Nature ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Business Interests ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Commercial Environment

This chapter introduces the concept of extralegal groups and a theoretical framework for analyzing them—how they emerge, develop, and become entrenched over time. It explores their dual nature as threats to the state and as local statebuilders. Formally, an extralegal group is defined as a set of individuals with a proven capacity for violence who work outside the law for profit and provide basic governance functions to sustain its business interests. This framing shows how political authority can develop as a by-product of the commercial environment, even where the state has little or no presence. In post-conflict societies, the predatory nature and historical abuses of citizens conducted in the name of the state means that government is not always more trusted or better able to look after the interests of local populations than an extralegal group. Ultimately, extralegal groups blur the lines between the formal and informal; the licit and illicit.

Animals in Dreams of Children, Adolescents, and Adults: The UK Library Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 027623662096063
Author(s):  
Michael Schredl ◽  
Mark Blagrove
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Media Consumption ◽  
Continuity Hypothesis ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
The Uk

Animal dreams have fascinated mankind for ages. Empirical research indicated that children dream more often about animals than adults and dogs, cats, and horses are the most frequent animals that appear within dreams. Moreover, most dreamer-animal interactions are negative. The present study included 4849 participants (6 to 90 yrs. old) reporting 2716 most recent dreams. Overall, 18.30% of these dreams included animals with children reporting more animal dreams that adolescents and adults. The most frequent animals were again dogs, horses, and cats; about 20% of the dream animals were in fact pets of the dreamers. About 30% of the dream animals showed bizarre features, e.g., metamorphosing into humans or other animals, bigger than in real life, or can talk. Taken together, the findings support the continuity hypothesis of dreaming but also the idea that dreams reflect waking-life emotions in a metaphorical and dramatized way. Future studies should focus on eliciting waking-life experiences with animals, e.g., having a pet, animal-related media consumption, and relating these to experiences with animals in dreams.

Enacting meaning-in-use: qualitative research on norms and international relations

2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANTJE WIENER
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
International Politics ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
The State ◽  
Evaluation Technique

AbstractThis article proposes a framework for empirical research on contested meaning of norms in international politics. The goal is to identify a design for empirical research to examine associative connotations of norms that come to the fore when norms are contested in situations of governance beyond-the-state and especially in crises. If cultural practices shape experience and expectations, they need to be identified and made ‘account-able’ based on empirical research. To that end, the proposed qualitative approach centres on individually enacted meaning-in-use. The framework comprises norm-types, conditions of contestation, types of divergence and opposition-deriving as a specific interview evaluation technique. Section one situates the problem of contestation in the field of constructivist research on norms. Section two introduces distinctive conditions of contestation and types of norms. Section three details the methodology of conducting and evaluating interviews and presents the technique of opposition-deriving with a view to reconstructing the structure of meaning-in-use. Section four concludes with an outlook to follow-up research.

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