A Study of One State’s School District Physical Restraint and Seclusion Policies

2020 ◽  
pp. 019874292097321
Author(s):  
Eryn Y. Van Acker ◽  
Elisabeth J. Kane ◽  
Nicole C. Bricko ◽  
Reece L. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
School District ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Physical Restraint ◽  
Department Of Education ◽  
Local School District ◽  
State Legislation ◽  
Policy Content ◽  
Serious Injury ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Maximum Variation Sample

This descriptive analysis of policy content examined local school district policies on physical restraint and seclusion in one Midwestern state that did not have state legislation on these topics to determine whether districts had policies and, if so, whether their content included recommended principles from the U.S. Department of Education. No previous research has addressed district policies. A maximum variation sample of 90 districts was examined to determine whether policies were in place, whether recommended principles were included, and whether policies varied based on student enrollment. Although almost all districts had policies, many of the federally recommended principles were not addressed across the sample and less than 10% of the district policies indicated that these procedures should only be used in the case of imminent danger of serious injury to self or others. District enrollment size did not affect policy, but the substance of the policy was determined by the districts’ policy source from advising attorneys.

Public School Voice Clinics, Part I

1984 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
Sandra Q. Miller ◽  
Charles L. Madison
Keyword(s):  
Public School ◽  
School District ◽  
Voice Disorders ◽  
Urban School ◽  
Urban School District ◽  
Local School District ◽  
Local School ◽  
Perceived Need ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Voice Problem

The purpose of this article is to show how one urban school district dealt with a perceived need to improve its effectiveness in diagnosing and treating voice disorders. The local school district established semiannual voice clinics. Students aged 5-18 were referred, screened, and selected for the clinics if they appeared to have a chronic voice problem. The specific procedures used in setting up the voice clinics and the subsequent changes made over a 10-year period are presented.

Minority Support: School District Demographics and Support for Funding Election Measures

2019 ◽  
pp. 107808741987746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Alvord ◽  
Emily Rauscher
Keyword(s):  
School District ◽  
Racial Inequality ◽  
Property Tax ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
District Level ◽  
Local School District ◽  
Local School ◽  
State Budgets ◽  
Contradictory Evidence ◽  
The Relationship

In the context of tight state budgets, local education funding is increasingly important. This article examines the relationship between district-level demographic characteristics and voter support for tax increases to fund the local school district. Using district-level panel data on California school district elections and demographics from 1995 to 2014, we ask the following questions: (1) What is the relationship between demographics and support for school district tax measures? and (2) Does this relationship vary by the type of tax measure? Results suggest that voter support varies by district demographics. However, results differ for bond and property tax measures and suggest that the proportion of Black students increases the likelihood of passing a bond measure but reduces the likelihood of passing a property tax measure. This heterogeneity offers one potential explanation for contradictory evidence in the literature. Results have implications for racial inequality of educational resources between districts.

Access and price of cancer drugs: What is happening in France?

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 6623-6623
Author(s):  
Mathilde Grande ◽  
Judith Fernandez ◽  
Jade Putzolu ◽  
Sorin Stanel ◽  
Margaret Galbraith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Cancer Drugs ◽  
Universal Healthcare ◽  
Impact On Survival ◽  
Policy Challenge ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Universal Healthcare System

6623 Background: The French National Authority for Health (HAS) is responsible for health technology assessment (HTA), providing opinion on drugs for reimbursement and pricing purposes. For all indications with a positive opinion for reimbursement, HAS assesses the clinical added value (CAV) on a 5-point scale for pricing negotiations based on clinical data. A major to moderate CAV leads to the highest prices, a minor CAV leads to a higher price than the comparator, and no CAV leads to lower price than the cheapest comparator. Countries increasingly face the policy challenge of harnessing the benefits of cancer drugs while managing healthcare budgets. In this context, we aimed to analyze cancer drugs assessment by HAS. Methods: a retrospective and descriptive analysis comparing all new hematology/oncology cancer indications versus all others new indications assessed by HAS between 2010 and 2015 has been conducted. Results: 87 cancer indications (60 drugs) have been evaluated, representing 17% (87/510) of all new drugs indications assessed by HAS. Almost all cancer indications (92%) obtained a favorable opinion for reimbursement. Seven (8%) had an unfavorable opinion versus 20% in other therapeutic areas. However, 5 of these 7 indications were related to a drug included on the list of reimbursed drugs for another indication and consequently drugs are available. Overall, only 2 drugs were not reimbursed: nintedanib in non small cell lung cancer and tegafur/gimeracil/oteracil in gastric cancer (no impact on survival and lack of results transposability). Of the 80 indications with a favorable opinion, 20 had a major to moderate CAV (25%), 32 a minor CAV (40%) and 28 have no CAV (35%). Major to moderate CAV are mostly composed of hematology drugs (12, 60%). The proportion of major to moderate CAV assessment is higher in oncology than in other therapeutic areas (66% vs. 30%). Conclusions: France benefits from a universal healthcare system offering wide coverage and large access to drugs. Almost all of the new hematology/oncology cancer drugs assessed had a favorable opinion and are fully reimbursed (100%) by health insurance. A high proportion (66%) of CAV is recognized in oncology. Nevertheless, the over DRG list can inadvertently limit access to these new cancer drugs.

The Landscape of Special Education Licensure, 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul T. Sindelar ◽  
Tiffany L. Fisher ◽  
Jonté A. Myers
Keyword(s):  
Special Education ◽  
Student Outcomes ◽  
Department Of Education ◽  
Special Education Teacher ◽  
Hearing Impairments ◽  
Unit Of Analysis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Disability Categories ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

With vetted data from state department of education websites, the authors undertook to update previous studies of special education licensure. They organized state licensure structures by the presence or absence of (a) grade bands and (b) differentiations (by category or severity). They assessed the impact of structure on student outcomes and special education teacher (SET) shortage, and sought commonalities in structures of effective states. They found that almost all states differentiate licensure for preschool teachers and teachers of students with visual or hearing impairments. Most states also offer a generic license. Currently, fewer states use other disability categories than was true in the past, and more states now use grade and severity distinctions. Structure was unrelated to student outcomes and SET shortage, and the authors found only two commonalities among effective states. As a unit of analysis, state may be too coarse, and the authors argue for within-state time series analysis as an alternative.

A districtwide commitment to arts integration

2017 ◽  
Vol 98 (7) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
Eileen Mackin ◽  
Robert Mackin ◽  
John Obremski ◽  
Katherine McKie
Keyword(s):  
School District ◽  
Visual Arts ◽  
Middle Grades ◽  
Arts Integration ◽  
Department Of Education ◽  
School Systems ◽  
Regular Instruction ◽  
New Model ◽  
The U.S

Like many school systems in economically stressed parts of the country, the Everett, Mass., school district had cut back on arts instruction over the years, to the point where most students were getting only a single art class per week. But since 2013, and thanks to a grant from the U.S. Department of Education, Everett has designed and implemented a new model of arts integration in its elementary and middle grades, providing teachers with intensive support and coaching to help them combine their regular instruction with serious lessons in theater, the visual arts, design, and more.

scholarly journals Reducing the stress of drug administration: implications for the 3Rs

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Stuart ◽  
Emma S.J. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Drug Administration ◽  
Physical Restraint ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Scientific Issue ◽  
Welfare Implications ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Restraint in animals is known to cause stress but is used during almost all scientific procedures in rodents, representing a major welfare and scientific issue. Administration of substances, a key part of most scientific procedures, almost always involves physical restraint of the animal. In this study, we developed a method to inject substances to rats using a non-restrained technique. We then compared the physiological, behavioral and emotional impacts of restrained versus non-restrained injection procedures. Our results highlight the negative welfare implications associated with physical restraint and demonstrate a method which can be used to avoid this. Our work shows how adopting strategies that avoid restraint can minimize a widespread source of stress in laboratory animals and improve welfare through refinement.

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