Evaluating School-Level Student Outcomes of a Systematic Tier 2 Framework

2021 ◽  
pp. 019874292110091
Author(s):  
Sara C. McDaniel ◽  
Daniel Cohen ◽  
Allison L. Bruhn
Keyword(s):  
Challenging Behavior ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Single Case ◽  
School Level ◽  
Tier 2 ◽  
Single Case Design ◽  
Tier 2 Interventions ◽  
Poverty Status ◽  
District Implementation

Targeted Tier 2 interventions are critical to supporting students with challenging behavior and decreasing the resources associated with highly individualized and intense interventions. This study extends findings from recent single-case design studies and case example applications of the Tier 2 Identification and Intervention framework with the first large-scale evaluation of school-level outcomes following district implementation. We employed a pretest–posttest design within one large urban school district ( N = 23,042 students) to evaluate school-level discipline outcomes for elementary schools who received training and coaching on the Tier 2 framework. Fidelity (i.e., Tiered Fidelity Inventory) and school-level demographics (e.g., poverty status, race) were entered as covariates into the generalized linear models. Results indicated statistically significant decreases in office discipline referrals and in-school suspensions for schools with adequate Tier 2 fidelity. Implications, limitations, and future directions are discussed.

scholarly journals Brief Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Fibromyalgia: Feasibility and Effectiveness of a Replicated Single-Case Design

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
María Camino Gómez-Pérez ◽  
Azucena García-Palacios ◽  
Diana Castilla ◽  
Irene Zaragozá ◽  
Carlos Suso-Ribera
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Routine Care ◽  
Single Case Design ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment ◽  
Case Design

Objective. Overall, the literature on the effectiveness of psychological treatments in general and those for fibromyalgia in particular has been dominated by research designs that focus on large groups and explore changes on average, so the treatment impact at the individual level remains unclear. In this quasi-experimental, replicated single-case design, we will test the feasibility and effectiveness of a brief acceptance and committed therapy intervention using ecological momentary assessment supported by technology. Methods. The sample comprised 7 patients (3 in the individual condition and 4 in the group condition) who received a brief, 5-week psychological treatment. Patient evolution was assessed one week prior to treatment onset and during the whole study with a smartphone app. Because ecological momentary assessment and the use of an app are not frequent practices in routine care, we also evaluated the feasibility of this assessment methodology (i.e., compliance with the app). Change was investigated with a nonoverlap of all pairs index. Outcomes were pain interference with sleep and social activities, fatigue, sadness, and pain intensity. Results. Patient change was not uniform across outcomes. Four patients (two in each condition) showed relatively moderate levels of change (approximately 60% nonoverlap in several outcomes). The remaining patients showed more modest improvements which affected a reduced number of outcomes. Based on nonoverlapping indices, there was no clear evidence in favor of any treatment format. Conclusions. An alternative design to large-scale trials, one that focuses on the individual change, exists and it can be implemented in pain research. The use of technology (e.g., smartphones) simplifies such designs by facilitating ecological momentary assessment. Based on our findings showing that changes were not homogeneous across patients or outcomes, more single-case designs and patient-centered analyses (e.g., responder and moderation analyses) are required.

Beyond ASD: Evidence for the Effectiveness of Social Narratives

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen N. Zimmerman ◽  
Jennifer R. Ledford
Keyword(s):  
Challenging Behavior ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Implementation Fidelity ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Single Case Design ◽  
High Quality Research ◽  
Social Narratives ◽  
New Synthesis ◽  
Social Narrative ◽  
Case Design

Social narratives (e.g., Social Stories™) are common antecedent-based interventions promoted for the purposes of improving prosocial behaviors and reducing challenging behavior for children with and without disabilities. Although they are commonly prescribed and used, their effectiveness has almost exclusively been assessed for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The purpose of this review was to synthesize the literature on social narrative interventions for children without ASD using a new synthesis framework: the Single Case Analysis and Review Framework (SCARF). Specifically, the review assessed the quality, rigor, and outcomes of single case design studies measuring the effectiveness of social narratives for decreasing challenging behavior or increasing prosocial behavior in children without ASD. Conclusions suggest cautious use of social narratives in isolation for children without ASD due to variable outcomes and absence of a sufficient number of rigorous studies. Future high-quality research is needed to address questions surrounding effective instructional components, participant characteristics, and implementation fidelity.

Functional Communication Training: The Strength of Evidence Across Disabilities

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Gerow ◽  
Tonya Davis ◽  
Supriya Radhakrishnan ◽  
Emily Gregori ◽  
Gabby Rivera
Keyword(s):  
Challenging Behavior ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Functional Communication Training ◽  
Communication Training ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Functional Communication ◽  
Single Case Design ◽  
What Works Clearinghouse ◽  
Communicative Response ◽  
Health Impairments

Functional communication training (FCT) is a commonly used, often recommended intervention that involves teaching a functionally equivalent communicative response to replace challenging behavior. The purpose of this literature review was to evaluate the strength of the evidence for the use of FCT. A systematic review of the literature resulted in the identification of 215 single-case-design articles that evaluated the efficacy of FCT to reduce challenging behavior for individuals diagnosed with a disability. FCT resulted in a decrease in challenging behavior for 135 participants. The reviewers rated FCT as an evidence-based practice for individuals with autism, intellectual disability, other health impairments, and multiple disabilities based on What Works Clearinghouse standards. Overall, the extant literature indicates FCT consistently results in the reduction of challenging behavior in children with disabilities. Implications for practice and directions for future research are discussed.

Moving Forward Four Words at a Time: Effects of a Supplemental Preschool Vocabulary Intervention

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey A. Peters-Sanders ◽  
Elizabeth S. Kelley ◽  
Christa Haring Biel ◽  
Keri Madsen ◽  
Xigrid Soto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Group Intervention ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Single Case Design ◽  
Vocabulary Intervention ◽  
Iterative Development ◽  
At Risk Children ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Child Friendly ◽  
Interactive Lessons ◽  
Case Design

Purpose This study evaluated the effects of an automated, small-group intervention designed to teach preschoolers challenging vocabulary words. Previous studies have provided evidence of efficacy. In this study, we evaluated the effects of the program after doubling the number of words taught from 2 to 4 words per book. Method Seventeen preschool children listened to 1 prerecorded book per week for 9 weeks. Each storybook had embedded, interactive lessons for 4 target vocabulary words. Each lesson provided repeated exposures to words and their definitions, child-friendly contexts, and multiple opportunities for children to respond verbally to instructional prompts. Participants were asked to define the weekly targeted vocabulary before and after intervention. A repeated acquisition single-case design was used to examine the effects of the books and embedded lessons on learning of target vocabulary words. Results Treatment effects were observed for all children across many of the books. Learning of at least 2 points (i.e., 1 word) was replicated for 74.5% of 149 books tested across the 17 participants. On average, children learned to define 47% of the target vocabulary words (17 out of 36). Conclusions Results support including 4 challenging words per book, as children learned substantially more words when 4 words were taught, in comparison to previous studies. Within an iterative development process, results of the current study take us 1 step closer to creating an optimal vocabulary intervention that supports the language development of at-risk children.

Successful Implicit Vocabulary Intervention for Three Cantonese-Speaking Toddlers: A Replicated Single-Case Design

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 4148-4161
Author(s):  
Christine S.-Y. Ng ◽  
Stephanie F. Stokes ◽  
Mary Alt
Keyword(s):  
Single Case ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Neighborhood Density ◽  
Expressive Vocabulary ◽  
Single Case Design ◽  
Vocabulary Intervention ◽  
Phonological Neighborhood Density ◽  
Phonological Neighborhood ◽  
And Control ◽  
Case Design

Purpose We report on a replicated single-case design study that measured the feasibility of an expressive vocabulary intervention for three Cantonese-speaking toddlers with small expressive lexicons relative to their age. The aim was to assess the cross-cultural and cross-linguistic feasibility of an intervention method developed for English-speaking children. Method A nonconcurrent multiple-baseline design was used with four baseline data points and 16 intervention sessions per participant. The intervention design incorporated implicit learning principles, high treatment dosage, and control of the phonological neighborhood density of the stimuli. The children (24–39 months) attended 7–9 weeks of twice weekly input-based treatment in which no explicit verbal production was required from the child. Each target word was provided as input a minimum of 64 times in at least two intervention sessions. Treatment feasibility was measured by comparison of how many of the target and control words the child produced across the intervention period, and parent-reported expressive vocabulary checklists were completed for comparison of pre- and postintervention child spoken vocabulary size. An omnibus effect size for the treatment effect of the number of target and control words produced across time was calculated using Kendall's Tau. Results There was a significant treatment effect for target words learned in intervention relative to baselines, and all children produced significantly more target than control words across the intervention period. The effect of phonological neighborhood density on expressive word production could not be evaluated because two of the three children learned all target words. Conclusion The results provide cross-cultural evidence of the feasibility of a model of intervention that incorporated a high-dosage, cross-situational statistical learning paradigm to teach spoken word production to children with small expressive lexicons.

scholarly journals The Relationships Between Serum DHEA-S and AMH Levels in Infertile Women: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1211
Author(s):  
Li-Te Lin ◽  
Kuan-Hao Tsui
Keyword(s):  
Generalized Linear Models ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulphate ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Infertile Women ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEA-S) and anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels has not been fully established. Therefore, we performed a large-scale cross-sectional study to investigate the association between serum DHEA-S and AMH levels. The study included a total of 2155 infertile women aged 20 to 46 years who were divided into four quartile groups (Q1 to Q4) based on serum DHEA-S levels. We found that there was a weak positive association between serum DHEA-S and AMH levels in infertile women (r = 0.190, p < 0.001). After adjusting for potential confounders, serum DHEA-S levels positively correlated with serum AMH levels in infertile women (β = 0.103, p < 0.001). Infertile women in the highest DHEA-S quartile category (Q4) showed significantly higher serum AMH levels (p < 0.001) compared with women in the lowest DHEA-S quartile category (Q1). The serum AMH levels significantly increased across increasing DHEA-S quartile categories in infertile women (p = 0.014) using generalized linear models after adjustment for potential confounders. Our data show that serum DHEA-S levels are positively associated with serum AMH levels.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document