Predicting Psycho-educational Problems in Childhood

1978 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 148-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard S. Adelman
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Assessment Procedures ◽  
Mass Identification ◽  
Ethical Perspectives

Presented are (1) a brief synthesis of several key conceptual and methodological concerns and some ethical perspectives related to identification of psycho-educational problems and (2) conclusions regarding the current state of the art. The conceptual discussion focuses on differentiating prediction from identification and screening from diagnosis; three models used in developing assessment procedures also are presented. Methodologically, the minimal requirements for satisfactory research are described and current problems are highlighted. Three ethical perspectives are discussed; cost-benefit for the individual, models-motives-goals underlying practices, and cost-benefit for the culture. The current state of the art is seen as not supporting the efficacy of the widespread use of currently available procedures for mass screening. Given this point and the methodological and ethical concerns discussed, it is suggested that policy makers reallocate limited resources away from mass identification and toward health maintenance and other approaches to prevention and early-age intervention.

scholarly journals The long and winding road…

2018 ◽  
pp. 41-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Helm
Keyword(s):  
Education Policy ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Current Position ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Public Investments ◽  
Current State ◽  
Policy Statements ◽  
The One

The long and winding road is a metaphor for a journey, often used to describe life journeys and the challenges encountered. The metaphor was used for the title of my keynote to refer both to the journey towards the current position of virtual exchange in education policy – but also the long road ahead. This paper aims to explore the emergence of virtual exchange in educational policy and how it has been adopted by non-profit organisations, educational institutions, and policy makers to address geo- and socio-political tensions. Though still a relatively new field, in recent years there have been some important developments in terms of policy statements and public investments in virtual exchange. The paper starts by looking at the current state-of-the-art in terms of virtual exchange in education policy and initiatives in Europe. Then, using an approach based on ‘episode studies’ from the policy literature, the paper explores the main virtual exchange schemes and initiatives that have drawn the attention of European policy makers. The paper closes by looking at some of the lessons we have learnt from research on the practice of virtual exchange, and how this can inform us as we face the long road ahead of us. The focus of this paper is on the European context not because I assume it to be the most important or influential, but rather because it is the one I know best, since it is the context in which I have been working.

scholarly journals Analysis of Portfolio-Style Parallel SAT Solving on Current Multi-Core Architectures

10.29007/73n4 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Aigner ◽  
Armin Biere ◽  
Christoph Kirsch ◽  
Aina Niemetz ◽  
Mathias Preiner
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evaluation ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Memory System ◽  
Memory Access ◽  
Sat Solving ◽  
Running Time ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Individual

Effectively parallelizing SAT solving is an open andimportant issue. The current state-of-the-art isbased on parallel portfolios. This technique relieson running multiple solvers on the same instance inparallel. As soon one instance finishes the entirerun stops. Several succesful systems even use plainparallel portfolio (PPP), where the individual solversdo not exchange any information. This paper containsa thorough experimental evaluation which shows that PPPcan improve wall-clock running time because memory accessis still local, respectively the memory system can hidethe latency of memory access. In particular, there doesnot seem as much cache congestion as one might imagine.We also present some limits on the scalibility of PPP.Thus this paper gives one argument why PPP solvers are agood fit for todays multi-core architectures.

Prisoner Reentry: Current Trends, Practices, and Issues

2001 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Austin
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Prison Population ◽  
Prisoner Reentry ◽  
Minimal Risk ◽  
National Data ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
State Prison ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Current State ◽  
Prison Systems

After three decades of passing laws and implementing policies designed to dramatically increase the nation's prison population and harden the conditions of confinement, there is a newfound interest among policy makers and criminologists in prisoner release. Using national data and a survey of eight states, this article examines the current “state of the art” of prisoner reentry. Not surprisingly, most state prison systems are ill equipped to ease the transition of inmates from prison to the community. A significant portion of released inmates pose minimal risk to public safety. Parole supervision increasingly results in ex-convicts' being reincarcerated for noncriminal behavior or misdemeanor crimes. For most inmates, reentry should be curtailed by either eliminating supervision or greatly shortening the period of supervision.

scholarly journals FCCU Power Recovery With Gas Turbine Systems

1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Fink
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Fluid Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Current State ◽  
Economic Justification ◽  
Sufficient Detail ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Power Recovery

This paper pertains specifically to refinery fluid catalytic cracking and associated power-recovery concepts. The several systems described go beyond basic onsite FCC practices previously used. However, no special technical development or prototypes would be required to engineer practical and successful installations. All component equipment and apparatus reflect current state-of-the-art, requiring only explicit economic justification. The individual systems, as presented, are solely conceptual, but sufficient detail is provided to confirm their technical feasibility. Application economics will depend on geographic location, site conditions and the specific process installation.

Evaluating a Thermoregulatory Model for Cooling Garment Applications With Transient Metabolic Rates

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan K. Westin ◽  
Jayanta S. Kapat ◽  
Louis C. Chow
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Tissue Temperature ◽  
Bioheat Equation ◽  
Liquid Cooling ◽  
Current State ◽  
Cooling Control ◽  
Activity Schedule ◽  
Thermoregulatory Model ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Cooling Garment

Current state-of-the-art thermoregulatory models do not predict body temperatures with the accuracies that are required for the development of automatic cooling control in liquid cooling garment (LCG) systems. Automatic cooling control would be beneficial in a variety of space, aviation, military, and industrial environments for optimizing cooling efficiency, for making LCGs as portable and practical as possible, for alleviating the individual from manual cooling control, and for improving thermal comfort and cognitive performance. In this paper, we adopt the Fiala thermoregulatory model, which has previously demonstrated state-of-the-art predictive abilities in air environments, for use in LCG environments. We compare the model’s tissue temperature predictions with analytical solutions to the bioheat equation, and with experimental data for a 700 W rectangular type activity schedule. The thermoregulatory model predicts rectal temperature, mean skin temperature, and body heat storage (BHS) with mean absolute errors of 0.13°C, 0.95°C, and 11.9 W·hr, respectively. Even though these accuracies are within state-of-the-art variations, the model does not satisfy the target BHS accuracy of ±6.5 W·hr. We identify model deficiencies, which will be addressed in future studies in order to achieve the strict BHS accuracy that is needed for automatic cooling control development.

scholarly journals Leadership in knowledge and capacity development in the water sector: a status review

Water Policy ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uta Wehn de Montalvo ◽  
Guy Alaerts
Keyword(s):  
Research Agenda ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Capacity Development ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Professional Experience ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Water Sector ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Strong Capacity

Water management is particularly dependent on strong capacity, a solid knowledge base and awareness at all levels, including those of the individual, the organization, the sector institutions and the ‘enabling environment’. Yet getting all levels to operate in a coherent manner is challenging, and requires vision and leadership. This special issue seeks to further the understanding of leadership in knowledge and capacity development in the water sector but its theoretical and methodological insights will be of interest beyond that arena. This paper presents an introduction to the special issue which resulted from selected papers presented at the 5th Delft Symposium on Water Sector Capacity Development held in Delft, The Netherlands. Collectively, the contributions examine knowledge and capacity development in both the water services and water resources sub-sectors. In order to be linked well to current local realities, the papers rely on both academic analyses based on empirical research as well as practitioners' accounts based on their professional experience. Together, the papers in this special issue and the insights from the recent Symposium summarized in this editorial introduction present an overview of the current state of the art in knowledge and capacity development in the water sector. The paper raises salient policy implications and outlines a research agenda for knowledge and capacity development in the water sector and beyond.

scholarly journals Brain Imaging and Brain Privacy: A Realistic Concern?

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha J. Farah ◽  
M. Elizabeth Smith ◽  
Cyrena Gawuga ◽  
Dennis Lindsell ◽  
Dean Foster
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Basic Science ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Limited Extent ◽  
Psychological Traits ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
Current State

Functional neuroimaging has been used to study a wide array of psychological traits, including aspects of personality and intelligence. Progress in identifying the neural correlates of individual differences in such traits, for the sake of basic science, has moved us closer to the applied science goal of measuring them and thereby raised ethical concerns about privacy. How realistic are such concerns given the current state of the art? In this article, we describe the statistical basis of the measurement of psychological traits using functional neuroimaging and examine the degree to which current functional neuroimaging protocols could be used for this purpose. By analyzing the published data from 16 studies, we demonstrate that the use of imaging to gather information about an individual's psychological traits is already possible, but to an extremely limited extent.

Behavioral Genetics: Concepts for Research and Practice in Language Development and Disorders

1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 1126-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey W. Gilger
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Behavioral Genetics ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Behavioral Genetic ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Future Goals ◽  
Current State ◽  
Research Designs

This paper is an introduction to behavioral genetics for researchers and practioners in language development and disorders. The specific aims are to illustrate some essential concepts and to show how behavioral genetic research can be applied to the language sciences. Past genetic research on language-related traits has tended to focus on simple etiology (i.e., the heritability or familiality of language skills). The current state of the art, however, suggests that great promise lies in addressing more complex questions through behavioral genetic paradigms. In terms of future goals it is suggested that: (a) more behavioral genetic work of all types should be done—including replications and expansions of preliminary studies already in print; (b) work should focus on fine-grained, theory-based phenotypes with research designs that can address complex questions in language development; and (c) work in this area should utilize a variety of samples and methods (e.g., twin and family samples, heritability and segregation analyses, linkage and association tests, etc.).

Schizophrenia Research: Current State of the Art

1976 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 497-498
Author(s):  
STANLEY GRAND
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Current State

Umbral Calculus

10.37236/24 ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Di Bucchianico ◽  
D. Loeb
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Finite Differences ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Umbral Calculus ◽  
Current State ◽  
Logical Foundation ◽  
Complete Bibliography ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Mathematical Literature

We survey the mathematical literature on umbral calculus (otherwise known as the calculus of finite differences) from its roots in the 19th century (and earlier) as a set of “magic rules” for lowering and raising indices, through its rebirth in the 1970’s as Rota’s school set it on a firm logical foundation using operator methods, to the current state of the art with numerous generalizations and applications. The survey itself is complemented by a fairly complete bibliography (over 500 references) which we expect to update regularly.

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