What Factors Influence Pioneering Advantage of Companies?

2004 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 15-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharad Mittal ◽  
Sanjeev Swami
Keyword(s):  
Market Share ◽  
Consumer Goods ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Competitive Environment ◽  
Sampling Frame ◽  
Business World ◽  
Order Of Entry ◽  
Pioneering Advantage ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Better Than

Rapid rate of change in technologies, markets, and other environmental factors makes order of entry as one of the most crucial decisions for business survival and performance in today's world. Pioneering (first-mover) is an important strategy for a firm in today's dynamic and competitive environment. Researchers have shown that, in the developed markets of the world, the pioneers have better performance and profitability than the followers. In this paper, the authors develop a conceptual framework to explain the various factors that might influence a firm's pioneering efforts in the Indian market. They propose specific hypotheses regarding the effect of order of entry on performance (market share, sales, return on investment, and profit before tax) and strategic components (R&D, advertising, promotion, and distribution). They also propose additional hypotheses to examine the association between the strategies and performance, variations within the pioneers group, and the moderating effect of competitive environment on the other relationships. The authors use secondary data from the CMIE PROWESS database to test the various hypotheses. The sample consists of 394 companies across 32 industry segments which include consumer goods industries such as fast-moving consumer goods, beverages, and consumer durables and industrial goods industries such as cables and mining. They have used the same sample of companies at three different points of time (1993, 1997, and 2001) to test the various hypotheses. The sampling frame is the list of Top 500 Indian companies (Business World, October 7, 2002). The results confirm the following aspects: In general, the pioneers perform better than the followers and firms which enter early into the market have larger sales, market share, and profit than followers. Firms which enter first into the market are generally more aggressive in pursuing various strategies such as R&D, advertising, promotion, and distribution. Investments in strategies create entry barriers for competitors who may find it difficult to compete with existing firms as resource requirements are quite high in this scenario. Pioneering advantage seems to be a long-term competitive advantage for busi- nesses as pioneers' performance is consistently better than that of the followers over the years. Although the pioneering effect starts reducing over time in terms of market share, profit margins for pioneers are higher even after considerable length of time. The authors find that there are large variations in the performance within the pioneers group itself which indicates that there are other factors also, apart from order of entry, with potential bearing on firm's performance. The results show that performance (market share) and strategic variables are closely related and dependent upon each other. Further, they find that the effect of order of entry on performance is stronger for those firms that operate in less intense competitive environment than those that operate in more intense competitive environment.

Order of Entry and Business Performance: An Empirical Synthesis and Reexamination

1995 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 17-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Szymanski ◽  
Lisa C. Troy ◽  
Sundar G. Bharadwaj
Keyword(s):  
Market Share ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Contingency Analysis ◽  
Market Strategy ◽  
Order Of Entry ◽  
Contingency Perspective ◽  
Pioneering Advantage ◽  
Managerial Implications

One stream of research for order of entry effects focuses on the possibility that the order of entry exerts a direct impact on business performance. A second stream of research, the contingency perspective, debates the merits of whether the order of entry, in combination with other market strategy and marketplace variables, is what actually drives business performance. The findings from studies focusing on possible direct effects offer only mixed evidence in favor of a pioneering advantage. The contingency perspective, however, has not been subjected to systematic, empirical scrutiny. Against this backdrop, the authors conduct a meta-analysis of the pioneering-market share findings and an examination of the contingency perspective of order of entry effects. The findings from the meta-analysis reveal that, on average, earlier entry is associated with greater market share. The findings from the contingency analysis, however, offer evidence suggesting that the contingency perspective is the more valid perspective for capturing the association between order of entry and market share. The authors discuss the theoretical and managerial implications of their findings and several directions for further research.

Application Fuzzy Logic System for Accurate Sheet Trim Shower Position

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 186-192
Author(s):  
Yudi Wibawa
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Controller ◽  
Dc Motor ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Paper Making ◽  
System A ◽  
Accurate Position ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Logic System

This paper aims to study for accurate sheet trim shower position for paper making process. An accurate position is required in an automation system. A mathematical model of DC motor is used to obtain a transfer function between shaft position and applied voltage. PID controller with Ziegler-Nichols and Hang-tuning rule and Fuzzy logic controller for controlling position accuracy are required. The result reference explains it that the FLC is better than other methods and performance characteristics also improve the control of DC motor.

ANJAK PIUTANG (FACTORING) SEBAGAI BENTUK AKAD MUAMALAH MODERN

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-210
Author(s):  
Amanah Aida Quran
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Consumer Goods ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Business World ◽  
Social Demand

Abstract In business world, people always want to expedite the production of goods, so as to increase profits and accelerate capital turnover, which in turn will promote economic growth. The increase of social demand for consumer goods causes many companies prepare funds, taken from fund provider called factoring. Financial or fund provider is a business institution that deals with financing in the form of purchasing and taking over and handling short term receivables. This paper discusses the concept of factoring in the perspective of the economic Islamic law using hiwalah theory approach. In addition, this article  explain the different concept of sharia and conventional factoring. Keywords: Factoring, Hiwalah, Islamic Economics.

scholarly journals Applicability and performance of EUCAST’s rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing (RAST) on primarily sterile body fluids in blood culture bottles in laboratory routine with total lab automation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmin Kaur Jasuja ◽  
Stefan Zimmermann ◽  
Irene Burckhardt
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Mueller Hinton Agar ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Sterile Body Fluids ◽  
Better Than

AbstractOptimisation of microbiological diagnostics in primarily sterile body fluids is required. Our objective was to apply EUCAST’s RAST on primarily sterile body fluids in blood culture bottles with total lab automation (TLA) and to compare results to our reference method Vitek2 in order to report susceptibility results earlier. Positive blood culture bottles (BACTEC™ Aerobic/Anaerobic/PEDS) inoculated with primarily sterile body fluids were semi-automatically subcultured onto Columbia 5% SB agar, chocolate agar, MacConkey agar, Schaedler/KV agar and Mueller-Hinton agar. On latter, cefoxitin, ampicillin, vancomycin, piperacillin/tazobactam, meropenem and ciprofloxacin were added. After 6 h, subcultures and RAST were imaged and MALDI-TOF MS was performed. Zone sizes were digitally measured and interpreted following RAST breakpoints for blood cultures. MIC values were determined using Vitek2 panels. During a 1-year period, 197 Staphylococcus aureus, 91 Enterococcus spp., 38 Escherichia coli, 11 Klebsiella pneumoniae and 8 Pseudomonas aeruginosa were found. Categorical agreement between RAST and MIC was 96.5%. Comparison showed no very major errors, 2/7 (28.6%) and 1/7 (14.3%) of major errors for P. aeruginosa and meropenem and ciprofloxacin, 1/9 (11.1%) for K. pneumoniae and ciprofloxacin, 4/69 (7.0%) and 3/43 (5.8%) for Enterococcus spp. and vancomycin and ampicillin, respectively. Minor errors for P. aeruginosa and meropenem (1/8; 12.8%) and for E. coli and ciprofloxacin (2/29; 6.5%) were found. 30/550 RAST measurements were within area of technical uncertainty. RAST is applicable and performs well for primarily sterile body fluids in blood culture bottles, partially better than blood-based RAST. Official EUCAST evaluation is needed.

scholarly journals The Potential of Advanced Placement to Improve College Outcomes and Narrow Racial/Ethnic and Socioeconomic Disparities

2021 ◽  
pp. 1932202X2110186
Author(s):  
Sarah Fierberg Phillips ◽  
Brett Lane
Keyword(s):  
Advanced Placement ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Latino Students ◽  
Socioeconomic Disparities ◽  
Low Income Students ◽  
College Outcomes ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Better Than

The U.S. economy requires a highly educated workforce, yet too few black, Latino, and low-income students attend, persist, and graduate from college. The present study examines the college outcomes of participants in a model Advanced Placement® (AP) intervention to shed light on its effectiveness and determine whether improving AP participation and performance is a promising strategy for closing persistent racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in college outcomes. Findings suggest the college outcomes of program participants are better than those of similar students statewide while also highlighting variation within and across subgroups. At the same time, they confirm that AP participation and performance predict college outcomes and suggest that improving AP participation and performance among low-income white, black, and Latino students could be a useful strategy for closing persistent racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in college outcomes.

scholarly journals Interdisciplinary conversations in STEM education: can faculty understand each other better than their students do?

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey M. Rabin ◽  
Adam Burgasser ◽  
Thomas J. Bussey ◽  
John Eggers ◽  
Stanley M. Lo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Stem Education ◽  
Interdisciplinary Collaboration ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
College Mathematics ◽  
Instructional Videos ◽  
Interdisciplinary Projects ◽  
Shared Understandings ◽  
Better Than

AbstractRate of change concepts from calculus are presented and applied rather differently in college mathematics, physics, biology, and chemistry classes. This is not simply a matter of pedagogical style but reflects real cultural differences between these disciplines. We describe the efforts of our interdisciplinary collaboration to understand and reconcile these differences as we designed and discussed instructional videos for students. We summarize our conversations about terminology, notation, functions, rates, units, and sign conventions across the disciplines. We present some strategies that enabled us to communicate effectively, resolve confusions, and reach shared understandings. Our work has implications for others involved in collaborative interdisciplinary projects and for STEM educators.In theory, there’s no difference between theory and practice. But in practice, there is.– Benjamin Brewster. Also attributed to Yogi Berra.

The closed-subpopulation method and estimation of population size from mark-recapture and ancillary data

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 320-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank AM Tuyttens
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Ancillary Data ◽  
Mark Recapture ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Population Size Estimates ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Flexible Framework ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Better Than

The algebraic relationships, underlying assumptions, and performance of the recently proposed closed-subpopulation method are compared with those of other commonly used methods for estimating the size of animal populations from mark-recapture records. In its basic format the closed-subpopulation method is similar to the Manly-Parr method and less restrictive than the Jolly-Seber method. Computer simulations indicate that the accuracy and precision of the population estimators generated by the basic closed-subpopulation method are almost comparable to those generated by the Jolly-Seber method, and generally better than those of the minimum-number-alive method. The performance of all these methods depends on the capture probability, the number of previous and subsequent trapping occasions, and whether the population is demographically closed or open. Violation of the assumption of equal catchability causes a negative bias that is more pronounced for the closed-subpopulation and Jolly-Seber estimators than for the minimum-number-alive. The closed-subpopulation method provides a simple and flexible framework for illustrating that the precision and accuracy of population-size estimates can be improved by incorporating evidence, other than mark-recapture data, of the presence of recognisable individuals in the population (from radiotelemetry, mortality records, or sightings, for example) and by exploiting specific characteristics of the population concerned.

Study on the Preparation and Performance of Carboxymethyl Chitosan Calcium and Carboxymethyl Chitosan Zinc Composite Materials

2016 ◽  
Vol 852 ◽  
pp. 1319-1324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Li ◽  
Chang Ping Wei ◽  
Feng Ming Wang ◽  
Li Dan Dong ◽  
Shuang Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Chloroacetic Acid ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Carboxymethyl Chitosan ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Test Study ◽  
Alkaline Conditions ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Better Than

In this paper,under alkaline conditions,with chloroacetic acid to modify chitosan,obtained carboxymethyl chitosan. At pH<7 conditions,the obtained carboxymethy chitosan respectively were reacted with calcium chloride solution,zinc chloride solution,after fully reacted,obtained carboxymethyl chitosan calcium and carboxymethyl chitosan zinc .Through infrared spectrum,X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (sem) analysis means,the structure of the products were characterized.Through the cutting of mice tail hemostasia test ,study the performance of the product.The results showed that the water solubility of carboxymethyl chitosan is better than that of chitosan and with excellent performance,and the performance of carboxymethyl chitosan calcium and carboxymethyl chitosan zinc was better than that of carboxymethyl chitosan.

Development Status and Trend of New Energy Vehicles in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
Sijin Ma ◽  
Jiahao Mai ◽  
Wanling Wang ◽  
Kemeng Yao ◽  
Deyu Li
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Market Share ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
The State ◽  
Competitive Environment ◽  
Sales Volume ◽  
Development Status ◽  
Online Consumers ◽  
New Energy ◽  
New Energy Vehicles

Under the background of energy conservation and emission reduction advocated by the state, the sales volume of new energy vehicles increased rapidly and reached new highs in 2021. However, many domestic new energy vehicles still face the problems of serious homogenization and low market share. In view of this situation, we mine and capture the data of online consumers and potential consumers, analyze consumers' preferences in combination with the knowledge learned, take Shenzhen BYD Co., Ltd. as an example, analyze its competitive environment, and finally put forward feasible suggestions.

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