The person of the criminal that committed a criminal offence in the field of inviolability of State Border of Ukraine

The purpose of our study is to form a typical criminological profile of a person who has committed a criminal offense in the field of protection of the State Border of Ukraine. Based on the detailed study of the sentences issued by the national courts of Ukraine during 2015-2020 concerning such persons, a typical criminological profile of the person was formulated. Thus, the typical criminological profile is a male (95.7%), a citizen of Ukraine (89%), Ukrainian by nationality (82.6%), married or living in common-law marriage (69.6%), with low income (67.4%). Not previously convicted (87%), committed the crime to obtain additional funds (86.9%), admits guilt in full, repents, contributes to the disclosure of the crime (84.8%). Specialized research methods are applied. The comparative method is used to compare the characteristics of the offender, who violated the order of entry into and exit from the temporarily occupied territory of Ukraine and other crimes that encroached on border security. The logical-legal method is used to form logical, systematic, and consistent conclusions. The study is based on research of 38 sentences imposed on 46 people. The data obtained allowed us to interpret them as a characteristic of the offender.

Implicitly Learned Higher Order Associations Differentiates Recent and Remote Retrieval of Temporal Order Memory

Memory of an ordered sequence of distinct events requires encoding the temporal order as well as the intervals that separates these events. In this study, using order place association task where the animal learns to associate the location of the food pellet to the order of entry into the event arena, we probe the nature of temporal order memory in mice. In our task, individual trials, become distinct events, as the animal is trained to form unique association between entry order and a correct location. The inter-trial intervals (> 30 mins) are chosen deliberately to minimise the working memory contributions. We develop this paradigm initially using 4 order place associates and later extend it to 5 paired associates. Our results show that animals not only acquire these explicit (entry order to place) associations but also higher order associations that can only be inferred implicitly from the temporal order of these events. As an indicator of such higher order learning during the probe trail the mice exhibit predominantly prospective errors that declines proportionally with temporal distance. On the other hand, prior to acquiring the sequence the retrospective errors are dominant. Additionally, we also tested the nature of such acquisitions when temporal order CS is presented along with flavour as a compound stimulus comprising of order and flavour both simultaneously being paired with location. Results from these experiments indicate that the animal learns both order-place and flavour-place associations. Comparing with pure order place training, we find that the additional flavour in compound training did not interfere with the ability of the animals to acquire the order place associations. When tested remotely, pure order place associations could be retrieved only after a reminder training. Further higher order associations representing the temporal relationship between the events is markedly absent in the remote time.

Entry of the Russian Embassy to Isfahan and Diplomatic Receptions in the Safavid State (according to the Memoirs of John Bell)

The article is devoted to the ceremonial ritual diplomatic practices adopted at the Persian Safavid court during the reign of Shah Sultan Hussein (1694-1722), described by the Scottish physician John Bell, who was a member of the Russian embassy of Artemy Volynsky in Isfahan (1717). It is noted that John Bell, with varying degrees of detail, captured the order of entry of foreign diplomatic missions to Isfahan, the movement along the streets of the capital and the consistent structure of the entry of the Russian embassy. The fact that there was an elaborate ceremony and etiquette for receiving foreign embassies in Safavid Persia is shown in the article. The author believes that the capital of Isfahan itself, its suburbs, the main Shah’s residence Talar-i Tawila, and the Shah’s country residences acted as the ceremonial space. It has been proven that the Safavid ceremony involved a magnificent meeting of the embassy at the entrance to the capital, her escort to the place of accommodation, a solemn entry into the capital, a reception with the Shah with the presentation of credentials and a meal. A comparative analysis of the receptions of the shah and high-ranking officials, differing in their degree of representativeness, led to the conclusion that the shah’s receptions were exclusively ceremonial, while important political issues could be discussed at receptions of high-ranking officials. It is noted that the receptions of senior officials could surpass the receptions of the shah with pomp.

Interplay between productive traits, the social rank and the cow's stability in the order of entrance to the milking parlour

The aim of this study was to investigate whether social rank (SR) and stability in the order of entrance to the milking parlour are associated with production traits. The study was conducted on a dairy farm where cows (n = 215) were managed in three groups according to lactation stage (group 1: 78 cows, 0–100 days in milk (DIM); group 2: 65 cows, 101–200 DIM and group 3: 72 cows, >200 DIM). SR was calculated from observations made from agonistic behaviour performed at the water troughs and feed bunks of each pen (n = 3). The animals were classified into three levels of dominance based on at least five clear interactions, resulting in: 61 dominant, 75 intermediate and 69 subordinate cows based on SR. Stability in the order of entry was estimated as the standard deviation of the entry position. SR was weakly correlated with milk yield, urea and protein content in milk. The results showed that stable cows had higher milk production and entered the milking parlour after the non-stable animals. Stability in the order of entry to the milking parlour was not affected by SR. Overall, the use of milking facilities appears to be associated with production traits rather than SR.

O impacto do envelhecimento no paciente hospitalizado: análise do risco nutricional

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the presence of nutritional risk and their correlation with clinical outcome in elderly hospitalized patients. Methods: The study variables were weight, height, body mass index (BMI), nutritional risk, length of stay and death of hospitalized patients in a public hospital in São Paulo. These data were obtained by Sheet Nutritional Care, dietitians completed by the institution. Nutritional risk was determined by nutritional screening tool NRS-2002. To investigate the association between the presence of nutritional risk and other study variables, we used Rao & Scott test and multiple logistic regression (stepwise forward), with 5% significance level. It proceeded to univariate analysis, and variables with p <0.20, in ascending order of entry were included in multiple regression. They remained in the model the variables with p <0.05, or those set by at least 10% the value of odds ratio of other variables. Results: We evaluated the records of 2613 patients, with a mean age of 73.87 years, 54.84% female, 47.26% of the population were at nutritional risk and 37.3% undernutrition. The nutritional risk groups according to age showed that the greater the age, the prevalence greater risk for malnutrition. There was a good statistical correlation with BMI, because the risk was more prevalent in malnourished group (54.41%). It was found that 11.9% of those who had died nutritional risk, while those who did not risk, only 1.66%. Conclusion: From this study it was found that for older people studied the risk for malnutrition correlated positively with age, BMI, length of stay and the occurrence of deaths.