Comments on Labelling Related to the Animal Testing of Cosmetic Ingredients and Products Manufactured and/or Marketed within the European Economic Community

1991 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 302-307
Author(s):  
Michael Balls
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
European Economic Community ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Animal Testing ◽  
European Economic ◽  
Testing Strategies ◽  
Cosmetic Ingredients ◽  
Animal Toxicity ◽  
Regulatory Acceptance

The use of terms such as “cruelty-free” and “not tested on animals” in relation to cosmetic ingredients and products is reviewed. It is concluded that, such is the confusion that has been engendered by their misuse, legitimate concerns for both human and animal welfare are compromised, and unfair trading practices are in operation. It is proposed that such misleading terminology should be prohibited within the EEC, and that more effort should be put into the development, validation and regulatory acceptance of non-animal toxicity tests and testing strategies.

On Establishing the Safety of Cosmetic Ingredients and Products Produced and/or Marketed within the European Economic Community

1991 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-244
Author(s):  
Michael Balls
Keyword(s):  
Safety Assessment ◽  
European Economic Community ◽  
Product Safety ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Animal Testing ◽  
Review Committee ◽  
Safety Review ◽  
European Economic ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Cosmetic Ingredients

In order to provide for greater assurance of the safety of cosmetic ingredients and products manufactured and/or marketed within the European Economic Community (EEC), without a significant increase in the need for animal testing, it is proposed that a Cosmetic Safety Review Committee (CSRC) be appointed to replace the Scientific Committee on Cosmetology (SCO, which currently advises the Commission of the European Communities (CEC). It is further proposed that a list of ingredients already in use be established, and that these ingredients then be ranked in order of need for safety review, on the basis of scale of use (tonnage), frequency of use (formulations), biological activity, etc. Proposals are also made for product safety assessment, and for the presentation of ingredient and product safety reviews to the CEC and the Member States of the EEC, via the CSRC.

Programming the Common Market: The Making and Failure of a ‘Dirigiste’ Europe, 1957–1967

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Hugo Canihac
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
European Economic Community ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Practical Reasons ◽  
Economic Governance ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
European Economic ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common

This article contributes to the debate about the history of the political economy of the European Economic Community (EEC). It retraces the efforts during the early years of the EEC to implement a form of ‘European economic programming’, that is, a more ‘dirigiste’ type of economic governance than is usually associated with European integration. Based on a variety of archives, it offers a new account of the making and failure of this project. It argues that, at the time, the idea of economic programming found many supporters, but its implementation largely failed for political as well as practical reasons. In so doing, it also brings to light the role of economists during the early years of European integration.

Prospects for European Integration of the Republic of Moldova and the Constitutional Component

2021 ◽  
pp. 84-89
Author(s):  
K. Gylka
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Economic Community ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Minority Languages ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
European Continent ◽  
European Economic ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The Republic

The European Union (EU) is an economic and political union of 28 European countries. The population is 508 million people, 24 official and working languages and about 150 regional and minority languages. The origins of the European Union come from the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) and the European Economic Community (EEC), consisting of six states in 1951 - Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. These countries came together to put an end to the wars that devastated the European continent, and they agreed to share control over the natural resources needed for war (coal and steel). The founding members of ECSC have determined that this European project will not only be developed in order to share resources or to prevent various conflicts in the region. Thus, the Rome Treaty of 1957 created the European Economic Community (EEC), which strengthened the political and economic relations between the six founding states. The relevance of the topic stems from their desire of peoples and countries to live better. The purpose of the study is to identify the internal and external development mechanisms of European countries and, on this basis, to formulate a model of economic, legislative and social development for individual countries. The results of the study provide a practical guideline for determining the vector of the direction of efforts of political, economic, legislative, humanitarian, etc.

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