Mystical-type experiences occasioned by ketamine mediate its impact on at-risk drinking: Results from a randomized, controlled trial

2020 ◽  
pp. 026988112097087
Author(s):  
Rebecca L Rothberg ◽  
Nour Azhari ◽  
Nancy A Haug ◽  
Elias Dakwar
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Addiction Treatment ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Motivational Enhancement Therapy ◽  
Motivational Enhancement ◽  
Psychoactive Effects ◽  
Dissociative States ◽  
Alcohol Dependent

Background: Sub-anesthetic ketamine administration may be helpful for substance use disorders. Converging evidence suggests that the efficacy of ketamine for certain conditions may implicate a subset of its psychoactive effects. Aims: The aim of this analysis is to evaluate whether the mystical-type effects of ketamine are critical for clinical efficacy in alcohol-dependent individuals. In this secondary analysis, we determine if a subset of the psychoactive effects of ketamine, the so-called mystical-type experience, mediates the effect of ketamine, when combined with motivational enhancement therapy, on at-risk drinking behavior in alcohol-dependent individuals interested in treatment. Methods: Forty alcohol dependent adults were randomized to either a 52-minute infusion of ketamine or midazolam, which they received on a designated quit-day during the second week of a five-week motivational enhancement therapy regimen. Psychoactive effects were assessed following the infusion, and alcohol use was monitored for the subsequent 3 weeks at each twice-weekly visit. Results: We found that ketamine leads to significantly greater mystical-type effects (by Hood Mysticism Scale) and dissociation (by Clinician Administered Dissociative States Scale) compared to the active control. Ketamine also led to significant reduction in at-risk drinking. The Hood Mysticism Scale, but not Clinician Administered Dissociative States Scale score, was found to mediate the effect of ketamine on drinking behavior. Conclusions: This trial adds evidence to the literature on the importance of mystical-type experiences in addiction treatment. Future research should continue to investigate the relationship between the psychoactive effects of psychedelic therapeutics and clinical outcomes for other substance use and mental health disorders.

scholarly journals Identifying At-Risk Youth

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-29
Author(s):  
Femke Geusens ◽  
Cabral A. Bigman-Galimore ◽  
Kathleen Beullens
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background & purpose. Research indicates a positive relationship between sharing alcohol references on social media and drinking behavior. The current study extends that line of research by assessing the interaction of risk-related personality traits with alcohol-related social media use, to examine if social media can be used to identify individuals at risk for heavy drinking behavior. Methods & results. The results of a cross-sectional survey among a sample of 638 emerging adults (age 18-25) find that the positive association between sharing alcohol references on social media and drinking intention was strongest for individuals with low levels of sensation seeking and sensitivity to peer pressure, and high levels of self-control, and non-significant for those on the other end of these personality traits. Conclusions. These findings indicate that the relationship between sharing alcohol references and drinking intentions is not uniform for all individuals, and that risk-related individual differences should be considered in future research and interventions.

Non-Pharmacological Therapies for Substance Use Disorders (DRAFT)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael F. Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Contingency Management ◽  
Motivational Enhancement Therapy ◽  
Present Level ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Motivational Enhancement ◽  
Level Of Understanding

In conjunction with chapters 16 and 17, which described non-pharmacological approaches to pain management, this chapter reviews the available non-pharmacological approaches to substance use disorders (SUD). Specific subtopics include 12-Step programs and facilitation, motivational enhancement therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, individual and group psychotherapies, contingency management, community reinforcement, family therapy, relapse management, and the terminal consideration of all therapies, termination (what is the duration of treatment)? Each subtopic is addressed in abstract rather than in comprehensive format, to allow the primary care provider to identify her level of interest and present level of understanding, and to inform further reading. The chapter concludes with a text box providing additional resources.

scholarly journals Effects of a School-Based Intervention for Preventing Substance Use among Adolescents at Risk of Academic Failure: A Pilot Study of the Reasoning and Rehabilitation V2 Program

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1488
Author(s):  
Raquel Alarcó-Rosales ◽  
Miriam Sánchez-SanSegundo ◽  
Rosario Ferrer-Cascales ◽  
Natalia Albaladejo-Blazquez ◽  
Oriol Lordan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Academic Failure ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
School Based Intervention ◽  
School Based ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Reasoning And Rehabilitation

Tobacco, alcohol and cannabis use are important health problems that contribute greatly to causes of death in worldwide. Early onset of substance use increases rapidly during adolescence and it has been associated with a wide range of adverse events. Because substance use is associated with dramatic consequences, delaying the initiation of substance use among adolescents remains a major public priority. This study examined the effectiveness of a school-based intervention program based on the application of the Reasoning and Rehabilitation V2 (R&R2) program for preventing substance use among adolescents at risk of academic failure. A sample of 142 participants (aged 13–17 years old) who were studying alternative education provision in Spain were randomly allocated to two conditions (68 experimental group, 74 control group). A pre-test survey assessing past and current substance use was conducted prior the implementation of the program, while a post-test survey was conducted about 12 months after the pre-test. The results showed a significant effect of the R&R program in the reduction of cigarette smoking, episodes of drunkenness, alcohol consumption and cannabis use. However, for daily smoking and episodes of drunkenness such benefits showed a reduction over time. These findings offer additional evidence of the effectiveness of the Reasoning and Rehabilitation V2 program in Spanish adolescent students who are exposed to substance use and suggest areas of future research.

scholarly journals The alliance in motivational enhancement therapy and counseling as usual for substance use problems.

2009 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 1125-1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Crits-Christoph ◽  
Robert Gallop ◽  
Christina M. Temes ◽  
George Woody ◽  
Samuel A. Ball ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Motivational Enhancement Therapy ◽  
Motivational Enhancement ◽  
Substance Use Problems

scholarly journals The Impact of Significant Others in Motivational Enhancement Therapy: Findings from Project MATCH

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer K. Manuel ◽  
Jon M. Houck ◽  
Theresa B. Moyers
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Significant Others ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Motivational Enhancement Therapy ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Motivational Enhancement ◽  
The Impact

Background: Social network support for abstinence has been associated with improved treatment outcomes among samples of individuals with alcohol use disorders. As a result, research studies have focused on the inclusion of significant others (SOs) in the treatment process. Nonetheless, little is known about 1) the specific influence SOs may have on clients during treatment sessions or 2) whether SO within-session behaviors have any relationship to client post-treatment drinking. Method: In the current study, Motivational Enhancement Therapy sessions in which a SO was present were coded using a behavioral coding system designed to measure SO and client within-session language. Results: Relationships were observed between SO and client within-session language. Furthermore, some specific SO categories of language predicted post-treatment client drinking. Conclusions: This study is the first systematic evaluation of SO contributions in substance abuse treatment sessions. Future research examining SO language in the treatment of alcohol use disorders might allow clinicians to avoid contributions from SOs that are associated with poorer drinking outcomes.

scholarly journals Application of Motivational Enhancement Therapy in Group settings among Patients with Substance Abuse

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Prashant Srivastava ◽  
Kuldeep Singh ◽  
Savita Chahal
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Clinical Teaching ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Motivational Enhancement Therapy ◽  
Motivational Enhancement ◽  
Group Settings ◽  
Motivation Enhancement ◽  
Motivation Enhancement Therapy

Background: Substance abuse is defined as the use of a drug or any other substance for a non-medical purpose with the aim of producing some type of "mind-altering "effect in the users. Motivational Enhancement Therapy (MET) is a systematic intervention approach for evoking change. It is based on principles of motivational psychology and is designed to produce rapid and internal motivation. Aims and Objectives: Present study aims to assess and compare desire to quit substance use among substance users and the effectiveness of Motivation Enhancement Therapy on the desire to quit substance use in an experimental group. Sample and Sampling: A total number of 70 participants were selected using purposive sampling technique. The sample comprised of 35 from inpatient unit and 35 from the out-patient department of psychiatry, Kalpana Chawla Government Medical College and Hospital, Karnal, Haryana, India. Results and Conclusions: The present study suggests that comprehensive patient-friendly treatments are more effective in increasing the desire to quit substance use than the standard pharmacological treatment. Hence, combining pharmacolo­gical treatment with appropriate psychosocial interventions focusing on the specific problem of the patient may provide a better outcome than either one alone. Clinicians can arrange the clinical teaching regarding MET for a larger group at whole including family interventions. Keywords: Motivation enhancement therapy, substance abuse

Treating patients with multiple substance use in accordance with their personal treatment goals: a new paradigm for addiction treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Körkel
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Addiction Treatment ◽  
Readiness To Change ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Future Research ◽  
People Who Use Drugs ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Content Type

Purpose This paper aims to present the theoretical foundation and practical approach of “open-target addiction treatment” (OTAT). Traditional treatment programmes are usually-oriented towards fixed predefined goals (abstinence, reduced consumption and harm reduction) and often focus on one substance only (e.g. alcohol). However, as a rule, people who use drugs consume several substances and sometimes additionally exhibit behavioural addictions. For many of these addictions, there is more or less motivation for change, but commonly it is not abstinence as a consistent goal. The paradigm of OTAT systematically considers multi-substance use, expects high readiness to change and is aware that commonly clients lack the willingness to abstain permanently. Design/methodology/approach The theory and practice of OTAT involve three components, namely, first, to create a systematic inventory of all psychoactive substances consumed and addictive behaviours performed, second, to clarify, which substance-related change goals clients pursue and third, to choose adequate treatment options matching the substance-specific goals of the clients. Furthermore, OTAT includes didactic tools to support working along with these three steps (e.g. a set of cards to gain an overview over the psychoactive substances used and addictive behaviours performed). Findings The systematic implementation of OTAT requires fundamentally different concepts about addiction and its treatment, specific competencies of the staff and a corresponding portfolio of interventions within the treatment facilities. Research limitations/implications Future research should focus more on patients’ goal preferences and their impact on their willingness to take up treatment and its outcomes. Practical implications To implement OTAT treatment, institutions have to undergo a systematic process of team and organizational development. Social implications OTAT has the potential to reduce the treatment gap and to serve severely addicted individuals in a more comprehensive way. Originality/value The OTAT approach has not been described in the addiction treatment literature so far.

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