scholarly journals Advancing age and ischemia elevate the electric threshold to elicit spreading depolarization in the cerebral cortex of young adult rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 1763-1775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Péter Hertelendy ◽  
Ákos Menyhárt ◽  
Péter Makra ◽  
Zoltán Süle ◽  
Tamás Kiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Dendritic Spine ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Spine Density ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Doppler Flowmetry ◽  
Spreading Depolarization ◽  
Cumulative Duration

Spreading depolarizations of long cumulative duration have been implicated in lesion development and progression in patients with stroke and traumatic brain injury. Spreading depolarizations evolve less likely in the aged brain, but it remains to be determined at what age the susceptibility to spreading depolarizations starts to decline, especially in ischemia. Spreading depolarizations were triggered by epidural electric stimulation prior and after ischemia induction in the cortex of 7–30 weeks old anesthetized rats ( n = 38). Cerebral ischemia was achieved by occlusion of both common carotid arteries. Spreading depolarization occurrence was confirmed by the acquisition of DC potential and electrocorticogram. Cerebral blood flow variations were recorded by laser-Doppler flowmetry. Dendritic spine density in the cortex was determined in Golgi-COX stained sections. Spreading depolarization initiation required increasingly greater electric charge with older age, a potential outcome of consolidation of cortical connections, indicated by altered dendritic spine distribution. The threshold of spreading depolarization elicitation increased with ischemia in all age groups, which may be caused by tissue acidosis and increased K+ conductance, among other factors. In conclusion, the brain appears to be the most susceptible to spreading depolarizations at adolescent age; therefore, spreading depolarizations may occur in young patients of ischemic or traumatic brain injury at the highest probability.

scholarly journals MMP-9 Contributes to Dendritic Spine Remodeling Following Traumatic Brain Injury

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Pijet ◽  
Marzena Stefaniuk ◽  
Leszek Kaczmarek
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Dendritic Spine ◽  
Contralateral Side ◽  
Spine Density ◽  
Morphological Transformation ◽  
Physical Trauma ◽  
Spine Shape ◽  
Wide Range

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) occurs when a blow to the head causes brain damage. Apart from physical trauma, it causes a wide range of cognitive, behavioral, and emotional deficits including impairments in learning and memory. On neuronal level, TBI may lead to circuitry remodeling and in effect imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmissions. Such change in brain homeostasis may often lead to brain disorders. The basic units of neuronal connectivity are dendritic spines that are tiny protrusions forming synapses between two cells in a network. Spines are dynamic structures that undergo morphological transformation throughout life. Their shape is strictly related to an on/off state of synapse and the strength of synaptic transmission. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is an extrasynaptically operating enzyme that plays a role in spine remodeling and has been reported to be activated upon TBI. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of MMP-9 on dendritic spine density and morphology following controlled cortical impact (CCI) as animal model of TBI. We examined spine density and dendritic spine shape in the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus. CCI caused a marked decrease in spine density as well as spine shrinkage in the cerebral cortex ipsilateral to the injury, when compared to sham animals and contralateral side both 1 day and 1 week after the insult. Decreased spine density was also observed in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus; however, in contrast to the cerebral cortex, spines in the DG became more filopodia-like. In mice lacking MMP-9, no effects of TBI on spine density and morphology were observed.

Caffeine consumption during development alters spine density and recovery from repetitive mild traumatic brain injury in young adult rats

Synapse ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennaya Christensen ◽  
Glenn R. Yamakawa ◽  
Sabrina Salberg ◽  
Melinda Wang ◽  
Bryan Kolb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Spine Density ◽  
Caffeine Consumption ◽  
Adult Rats

Challenges and Opportunities for Neuroimaging in Young Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury: a Coordinated Effort towards Advancing Discovery from the ENIGMA Pediatric Moderate/Severe TBI Group

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily L. Dennis ◽  
Karen Caeyenberghs ◽  
Robert F. Asarnow ◽  
Talin Babikian ◽  
Brenda Bartnik-Olson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Developmental Issues ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Severe Tbi ◽  
Advance Research

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability in children in both developed and developing nations. Children and adolescents suffer from TBI at a higher rate than the general population; however, research in this population lags behind research in adults. This may be due, in part, to the smaller number of investigators engaged in research with this population and may also be related to changes in safety laws and clinical practice that have altered length of hospital stays, treatment, and access to this population. Specific developmental issues also warrant attention in studies of children, and the ever-changing context of childhood and adolescence may require larger sample sizes than are commonly available to adequately address remaining questions related to TBI. The ENIGMA (Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis) Pediatric Moderate-Severe TBI (msTBI) group aims to advance research in this area through global collaborative meta-analysis. In this paper we discuss important challenges in pediatric TBI research and opportunities that we believe the ENIGMA Pediatric msTBI group can provide to address them. We conclude with recommendations for future research in this field of study.

A comparison of different models with motor dysfunction after traumatic brain injury in adult rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (04) ◽  
pp. 579-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Wang ◽  
Hongjian Pu ◽  
Yingchao Liu ◽  
Zengtao Wang ◽  
Bomin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Motor Dysfunction ◽  
Adult Rats

Cell Proliferation in the Brains of Adult Rats Exposed to Traumatic Brain Injury

2013 ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
Sandra A. Acosta ◽  
Naoki Tajiri ◽  
Paula C. Bickford ◽  
Cesar V. Borlongan
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Adult Rats

Spatial and temporal dynamics of HDACs class IIa following mild traumatic brain injury in adult rats

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swatabdi R. Kamal ◽  
Shreya Potukutchi ◽  
David J. Gelovani ◽  
Robin E. Bonomi ◽  
Srinivasu Kallakuri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Dynamics

scholarly journals Traumatic brain injury—the effects of patient age on treatment intensity and mortality

BMC Neurology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ola Skaansar ◽  
Cathrine Tverdal ◽  
Pål Andre Rønning ◽  
Karoline Skogen ◽  
Tor Brommeland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Composite Score ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Management Intensity ◽  
Treatment Bias ◽  
Head Injury Severity

Abstract Background Ageing is associated with worse treatment outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI). This association may lead to a self-fulfilling prophecy that affects treatment efficacy. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the role of treatment bias in patient outcomes by studying the intensity of diagnostic procedures, treatment, and overall 30-day mortality in different age groups of patients with TBI. Methods Included in this study was consecutively admitted patients with TBI, aged ≥ 15 years, with a cerebral CT showing intracranial signs of trauma, during the time-period between 2015–2018. Data were extracted from our prospective quality control registry for admitted TBI patients. As a measure of management intensity in different age groups, we made a composite score, where placement of intracranial pressure monitor, ventilator treatment, and evacuation of intracranial mass lesion each gave one point. Uni- and multivariate survival analyses were performed using logistic multinomial regression. Results A total of 1,571 patients with TBI fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The median age was 58 years (range 15–98), 70% were men, and 39% were ≥ 65 years. Head injury severity was mild in 706 patients (45%), moderate in 437 (28%), and severe in 428 (27%). Increasing age was associated with less management intensity, as measured using the composite score, irrespective of head injury severity. Multivariate analyses showed that the following parameters had a significant association with an increased risk of death within 30 days of trauma: increasing age, severe comorbidities, severe TBI, Rotterdam CT-score ≥ 3, and low management intensity. Conclusion The present study indicates that the management intensity of hospitalised patients with TBI decreased with advanced age and that low management intensity was associated with an increased risk of 30-day mortality. This suggests that the high mortality among elderly TBI patients may have an element of treatment bias and could in the future be limited with a more aggressive management regime.

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