Pediatric computed tomography imaging guideline

2013 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 998-1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn Young ◽  
Catherine M Owens
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Computed Tomography Imaging ◽  
Radiation Reduction ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Ct Radiation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Imaging Guideline

The use of computed tomography (CT) in pediatric diagnostic imaging is demanding generally, but when coupled with an awareness to limit the radiation dose associated with this imaging modality, the procedure becomes challenging. Although new techniques have been developed in line with the introduction of faster multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) scanners to aid radiation reduction, it still remains the responsibility of the clinical practitioner to ensure each examination request is justified and the scanning protocol and parameters selected are optimized to the individual patient's requirement. It is the purpose of this article to outline the basic principle of CT radiation dose optimization based on modification of scanning parameters and application of different imaging techniques.

scholarly journals Radiation dose estimation for pencil beam X-ray luminescence computed tomography imaging

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Ignacio O. Romero ◽  
Changqing Li
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Pencil Beam ◽  
Computed Tomography Imaging ◽  
Step Size ◽  
Imaging Protocol ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Beam Geometry ◽  
Muscle Tissues

BACKGROUND: Pencil beam X-ray luminescence computed tomography (XLCT) imaging provides superior spatial resolution than other imaging geometries like sheet beam and cone beam geometries. However, the pencil beam geometry suffers from long scan times, resulting in concerns overdose which discourages the use of pencil beam XLCT. OBJECTIVE: The dose deposited in pencil beam XLCT imaging was investigated to estimate the dose from one angular projection scan with three different X-ray sources. The dose deposited in a typical small animal XLCT imaging was investigated. METHODS: A Monte Carlo simulation platform, GATE (Geant4 Application for Tomographic Emission) was used to estimate the dose from one angular projection scan of a mouse leg model with three different X-ray sources. Dose estimations from a six angular projection scan by three different X-ray source energies were performed in GATE on a mouse trunk model composed of muscle, spine bone, and a tumor. RESULTS: With the Sigray source, the bone marrow of mouse leg was estimated to have a radiation dose of 44 mGy for a typical XLCT imaging with six angular projections, a scan step size of 100 micrometers, and 106 X-ray photons per linear scan. With the Sigray X-ray source and the typical XLCT scanning parameters, we estimated the dose of spine bone, muscle tissues, and tumor structures of the mouse trunk were 38.49 mGy, 15.07 mGy, and 16.87 mGy, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that an X-ray benchtop source (like the X-ray source from Sigray Inc.) with high brilliance and quasi-monochromatic properties can reduce dose concerns with the pencil beam geometry. Findings of this work can be applicable to other imaging modalities like X-ray fluorescence computed tomography if the imaging protocol consists of the pencil beam geometry.

scholarly journals A changing understanding in the presentation of patients with hepatoportal venous gas: a case report

2010 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. e9-e10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Evans ◽  
Chris Craig
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Abdominal Sepsis ◽  
Patient Assessment ◽  
Computed Tomography Imaging ◽  
Tomography Imaging ◽  
Prognostic Sign ◽  
Radiological Evidence

Often believed to be a poor prognostic sign, hepatoportal venous gas (HPVG) has been associated with massive intra-abdominal sepsis. It is more frequently detected as computed tomography imaging techniques improve. A patient presenting with radiological evidence of HPVG is discussed and the literature reviewed. This study aims to highlight the increasing understanding that HPVG may sometimes follow a more indolent course than previously believed. Patient assessment is the key in selecting those who need urgent laparotomy.

scholarly journals Multi-Detector Computed Tomography Imaging Techniques in Arterial Injuries

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron Adler ◽  
Patrick Hangge ◽  
Hassan Albadawi ◽  
M-Grace Knuttinen ◽  
Sadeer Alzubaidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Computed Tomography Imaging ◽  
Tomography Imaging ◽  
Arterial Injuries ◽  
Multi Detector Computed Tomography

scholarly journals Diagnostic Imaging in Intervertebral Disc Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronaldo C. da Costa ◽  
Steven De Decker ◽  
Melissa J. Lewis ◽  
Holger Volk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Nucleus Pulposus ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Intervertebral Disc Herniation ◽  
Intervertebral Disc Disease ◽  
Disc Disease ◽  
Disc Protrusion ◽  
Disc Extrusion

Imaging is integral in the diagnosis of canine intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) and in differentiating subtypes of intervertebral disc herniation (IVDH). These include intervertebral disc extrusion (IVDE), intervertebral disc protrusion (IVDP) and more recently recognized forms such as acute non-compressive nucleus pulposus extrusion (ANNPE), hydrated nucleus pulposus extrusion (HNPE), and intradural/intramedullary intervertebral disc extrusion (IIVDE). Many imaging techniques have been described in dogs with roles for survey radiographs, myelography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Given how common IVDH is in dogs, a thorough understanding of the indications and limitations for each imaging modality to aid in diagnosis, treatment planning and prognosis is essential to successful case management. While radiographs can provide useful information, especially for identifying intervertebral disc degeneration or calcification, there are notable limitations. Myelography addresses some of the constraints of survey radiographs but has largely been supplanted by cross-sectional imaging. Computed tomography with or without myelography and MRI is currently utilized most widely and have become the focus of most contemporary studies on this subject. Novel advanced imaging applications are being explored in dogs but are not yet routinely performed in clinical patients. The following review will provide a comprehensive overview on common imaging modalities reported to aid in the diagnosis of IVDH including IVDE, IVDP, ANNPE, HNPE, and IIVDE. The review focuses primarily on canine IVDH due to its frequency and vast literature as opposed to feline IVDH.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Effect of a Tracheal Stent on Radiation Dose Distribution via Micro-CT Imaging

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 153303381984448
Author(s):  
Tao Lin ◽  
Xinye Ni ◽  
Liugang Gao ◽  
Jianfeng Sui ◽  
Kai Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Dose Distribution ◽  
Photon Beam ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Computed Tomography Imaging ◽  
Tomography Imaging ◽  
Tracheal Stent ◽  
Exit Surface ◽  
Computed Tomography Images

Purpose: To study the effect of a metal tracheal stent on radiation dose distribution. Method: A metal tube bracket is placed in a self-made foam tube sleeve, and micro-computed tomography scanning is performed directly. The foam sleeve containing the metal bracket is placed in a nonuniform phantom for a routine computed tomography scan. The stents in conventional computed tomography images are replaced by the stents in micro-computed tomography images. Subsequently, 2 sets of computed tomography images are obtained and then imported to a radiotherapy treatment planning system. A single photon beam at 0° is designed in a field size of 10 cm × 10 cm, a photon beam of 6 MV, and a monitor unit of 200 MU. Monte Carlo algorithm is used to calculate the dose distribution and obtain the dose curve of the central axis of the field. The dose is verified with thermoluminescence dose tablets. Results: The micro-computed tomography images of the tracheal stent are clearer and less false-like than its conventional computed tomography images. The planned dose curves of the 2 groups are similar. In comparison with the images without any stents in place, the doses at the incident surface of the stent in the conventional computed tomography images and at the stent exit surface in the rear of the stent increase by 1.86% and 2.76%, respectively. In the micro-computed tomography images, the doses at the incident surface of the stent and at the exit surface behind the stent increase by 1.32% and 1.19%, respectively. Conventional computed tomography reveals a large deviation between the measured and calculated values. Conclusion: Tracheal stent based on micro-computed tomography imaging has a less effect on radiotherapy calculation than that based on conventional computed tomography imaging.

scholarly journals Chronic Sphenoiditis With Deep Neck Space Extension: Case Report With Review of the Literature and Postulated Mechanisms for Extracranial Extension

2021 ◽  
pp. 014556132198945
Author(s):  
John Levinson ◽  
Isolina R. Rossi ◽  
Edward C. Kuan ◽  
Bobby A. Tajudeen
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Intracranial Extension ◽  
Computed Tomography Imaging ◽  
Tomography Imaging ◽  
Direct Extension ◽  
Longus Colli Muscle ◽  
Bony Erosion

Isolated primary sphenoid sinusitis is a rare occurrence, estimated to make up less than 3% of sinus infections. The posterior anatomic location of the sphenoid makes treatment challenging when it becomes infected. Complications involving intracranial extension to surrounding structures often result in cranial nerve deficits due to their proximity. A single case of chronic sphenoiditis with direct extracranial extension into the prevertebral space is reported with a discussion on clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management. A 46-year-old female patient with diffuse headaches radiating into the neck and throat was evaluated in the office. Computed tomography demonstrated sphenoiditis with direct extension into the prevertebral space. Imaging revealed a purported route of direct extension through the clinoid and directly into the clivus to form an abscess in the longus colli muscle. The patient underwent endoscopic surgical management including drainage of the prevertebral abscess and has since made a full recovery. This is the first reported case of direct extension of sphenoiditis into the prevertebral space. The findings highlight the importance of aggressive treatment of chronic sphenoid infections to prevent detrimental complications. Computed tomography imaging proved an advantageous imaging modality to demonstrate bony erosion and sinus tracts from the skull base to the deep neck space.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document