Influence of Vesicoureteral Reflux and Urinary Tract Infection on Renal Growth in Children with Upper Urinary Tract Duplication

1989 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-394
Author(s):  
L. Hannerz ◽  
I. Wikstad ◽  
G. Celsi ◽  
A. Aperia
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Vesicoureteral Reflux ◽  
Upper Urinary Tract ◽  
Renal Growth ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Parenchymal Thickness ◽  
Renal Length

The growth of the renal parenchyma was examined in children with duplicated outflow systems, vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), urinary tract infection (UTI) and no sign of obstruction. Ten patients with reflux occurring only in the caudal system (group A) and 4 patients with reflux both to the caudal and the apical system (group B) were studied shortly after their first UTI (study 1) and then 1.5 to 9 years later (study 2). The frequency of UTI was relatively high during the follow-up period. At urography, renal length and renal area were normal in group A in studies 1 and 2. Parenchymal thickness of the apical pole (APT/L) did not differ from normal values in any of the studies. Parenchymal thickness of the caudal pole (CPT/L) was significantly smaller than normal in both studies. There was also a significant decrease in CPT/L between study 1 and 2. UTI during the first year of life was associated with a greater reduction in CPT/L. The determination of renal length and renal area in children with a duplicated ureter, VUR and UTI, does not identify subjects at risk of developing renal growth retardation while serial determinations of parenchymal thickness appear to be an appropriate method.

Safety assessment and diagnostic evaluation of patients undergoing contrast-enhanced urosonography in the setting of vesicoureteral reflux confirmation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Constantin A. Marschner ◽  
Vincent Schwarze ◽  
Regina Stredele ◽  
Matthias F. Froelich ◽  
Johannes Rübenthaler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Vesicoureteral Reflux ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Upper Urinary Tract ◽  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
Voiding Cystourethrography

BACKGROUND: Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) represents a common pediatric anomaly in children with an upper urinary tract infection (UTI) and is defined as a retrograde flow of urine from the bladder into the upper urinary tract. There are many diagnostic options available, including voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) and contrasted-enhanced urosonography (ceVUS). ceVUS combines a diagnostic tool with a high sensitivity and specificity which, according to previous study results, was even shown to be superior to VCUG. Nevertheless, despite the recommendation of the EFSUMB, the ceVUS has not found a widespread use in clinical diagnostics in Europe yet. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 2016 and 2020, 49 patients with a marked female dominance (n = 37) were included. The youngest patient had an age of 5 months, the oldest patient 60 years. The contrast agent used in ceVUS was SonoVue®, a second-generation blood-pool agent. All examinations were performed and interpreted by a single experienced radiologist (EFSUMB Level 3). RESULTS: The 49 patients included in the study showed no adverse effects. 51%of patients (n = 26) were referred with the initial diagnosis of suspected VUR, while 49%of patients (n = 23) came for follow-up examination or to rule out recurrence of VUR. The vast majority had at least one febrile urinary tract infection in their recent medical history (n = 45; 91,8%). CONCLUSION: ceVUS is an examination method with a low risk profile which represents with its high sensitivity and specificity an excellent diagnostic tool in the evaluation of vesicoureteral reflux, especially in consideration of a generally very young patient cohort.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Tamsulosin in the Medical Management of Juxtavesical Ureteral Stones: A Randomized Control Trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abu Sayeed Md. Feroz Mustafa ◽  
Md. Saiful Islam ◽  
Abdullah Al Mamun ◽  
Muhammad Syeef Khalid
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Randomized Control Trial ◽  
Dose Titration ◽  
Ureteral Stones ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Group A ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
Group B

Urolithiasis is the third most common disease of the urinary tract. Among all urinary tract stones, majorities are ureteral stones located in the distal part of the ureters. At present, multimodalities of treatment are available to the urologists. The purpose of the present study was to observe the efficacy of Tamsulosin in conventional treatment of juxtavesical ureteric stone having size up to 8 mm. This was a single centered, parallel randomized control trial carried out in the outpatient department of Urology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka from July 2007 to June 2008. The patients with unilateral, juxtavesical ureteral stone with normal functioning kidney and absence of clinical and laboratory signs of urinary tract infection and stone size up to 8 mm were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups according to the computer generated simple random sampling. Patients of Group-A  were given conventional hydrotherapy treatment and patients of Group-B were given Tamsulosin 0.4mg/day along with the conventional hydrotherapy. Each patient was followed-up weekly until stone expulsion for 4 weeks. In Group-A and Group-B, the mean age with SD was 38.55±10.05 and 37.7±9.33 years. Expulsion occurred in 32 (53.33%) of 60 patients in Group-A and 51 (85%) of 60 patients in Group-B (p <0.05). The number of pain episodes in this study was statistically significantly lower in Group-B patients compared to Group-A (p <0.05). Urinary tract infection was encountered in 12 (20%) patients of Group-A and 2 (3.33%) patients of Group-B (p <0.05) during four weeks therapy which was treated by appropriate antibiotics. No side effects of Tamsulosin were encountered in any patients of Group-B which could require the cessation of the medication or might need for dose titration. Findings of the study revealed that the Tamsulosin supplemented conventional therapy is more effective than conventional hydrotherapy alone in management of juxtavesical ureteral stones.

MANAGEMENT OF URINARY TRACT INFECTION – AN AYURVEDA PERSPECTIVE

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Shetti U. M. ◽  
Nandigoudar S.S. ◽  
Kalanghot P. S.
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Urine Examination ◽  
Group A ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Group B ◽  
Tract Infections

Urinary tract infections are the second most widespread infection and are elaborated in Ayurveda classical texts. The aim of the study is to compare the effect of the two well recognised and practised Ayurveda preparations in the treatment of urinary tract infection. 34 patients with proven UTI complaints in the age group of 20 to 60 years were randomly selected from out-patient and in-patient departments as per randomization chart and were divided into Group A and group B. Respectively in group A and group B, patients were advised 15 mL of Ardhabilwa kashaya and Brihatyadi kashaya before food thrice daily with equal quantity of water. After seven days follow up, assessment was done based on the clinical signs and symptoms. Urine examination at base th th line, 7 and at 15 day was performed.Study proved both drugs were clinically efcacious and statistically signicant in the management of urinary tract infection.

Vesicoureteral Reflux in the Primate. Iv. Infection as Cause of Prolonged High-Grade Reflux

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-95
Author(s):  
James A. Roberts ◽  
M. Bernice Kaack ◽  
Anne B. Morvant
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Vesicoureteral Reflux ◽  
Bladder Neck ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Ureterovesical Junction ◽  
Group A ◽  
Bladder Neck Obstruction ◽  
Tract Infections

High-grade reflux commonly lasts longer than moderate reflux, which disappears with maturtion of the ureterovesical junction. It is known that ureteral function is affected by urinary tract infection from studies in experimental animals, as well as through clinica1 findings in patients with upper tract infection. Whether infection might affect the ability of the ureter to prolong high-grade reflux was questioned. This observation might explain why high-grade reflux does not disappear as rapidly as moderate reflux in children with recurrent urinary tract infections. Vesicoureteral reflux was produced surgically in combination with bladder neck obstruction using infant monkeys. The reflux thus produced was high grade with ureteral dilation and caliectasis. In the group of animals in which the bladder neck obstruction was relieved surgically, the reflux rapidly disappeared. In the other group, a bladder infection was produced with Escherichia coli at the time of release of the bladder neck obstruction. The reflux lasted significantly longer, an average of 18 months. Therefore, it appears that treatment of urinary tract infection rather than vesicoureteral reflux is the most important therapy.

scholarly journals Outcome of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy Without JJ Stent in Comparison to Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy With JJ Stent

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-117
Author(s):  
Md Mostafizur Rahman ◽  
Md Shafiqul Alam Chowdhury ◽  
Uttam Karmaker ◽  
Nazim Uddin Md Arif ◽  
Md Towhid Belal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy ◽  
Ureteric Stent ◽  
Group A ◽  
Loin Pain ◽  
Urine Leakage ◽  
Group B ◽  
Jj Stent

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the outcomes of PCNL without JJ ureteric stent in comparison to PCNL with JJ ureteric stent. Patients and Methods: This observational study intended to compare the outcome between PCNL without JJ stent and PCNL with JJ stent of 50 cases of renal stone disease according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and randomly assigned to Group - A (PCNL without JJ stent) and Group - B (PCNL with JJ stent). This study was conducted in the department of urology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital from July 2014 to June 2016. During postoperative period, both groups were compared with respect to fever, loin pain, dysuria, frequency of micturation, duration of haematuria, continuation of urine leakage, hospital stay, urinoma and hematoma and urinary tract infection. Results: Among the 50 patients, the mean postoperative hospital stay was significantly longer in PCNL with JJ stent (4.48 ± 2.14 days) than that of PCNL without JJ stent (2.60 ± 0.50 days). The continuation of urine leakage at the site of percutaneous tract was also significantly longer in PCNL with JJ stent than in PCNL without JJ stent (10.8 ± 3.18 hours vs 14.14 ± 3.28 hours, P <0.001). Assessment of outcome during 3 weeks showed that out of 25 subjects in Group - B, 9 (36%) loin pain, 8 (32%) dysuria, 8 (32%) frequency of micturition, 4 (16%) haematuria and another 7 (28%) urinary tract infection. None of the subjects of Group - A reported same type of complications. Conclusions: Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy without JJ stent (stentless PCNL) is safe, effective and viable option in a selected group of patients – with stone size d”3 cm, normal preoperative renal function, single percutaneous puncture, minimum bleeding, no perforation of the collecting system, no obstruction and complete clearance of stones, JJ stent may not be required. Bangladesh Journal of Urology, Vol. 22, No. 2, July 2019 p.110-117

scholarly journals A COMPARISON BETWEEN TRANSURETHRAL CYSTOLITHOCLASTY AND VESICOLITHOTOMY IN PEDIATRIC MALE PATIENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
Muhammed khalid ◽  
Muhammad Faizan ◽  
Muhammad Asif Gurmani ◽  
Amjad Ali Siddiqui ◽  
Qadeer Ahmed Choudhary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Urethral Injury ◽  
Residual Stone ◽  
Dormia Basket ◽  
Group A ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Group B

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: To compare transurethral cystolithoclasty with ureteroscope over open vesicolithotomy in pediatric male patients. METHODOLOGY: Study comprises of hundred pediatric male patients, divided into two equal groups of 50 each, labeled as Group-A and Group-B. All the patients having stones less than 20mm size (average 14mm) were included. Group-A patients were treated with transurethral cystolithoclasty by using ureteroscope and pneumatic lithoclast assisted with the help of Dormia basket. Group-B patients were treated with open vesicolithotomy.RESULTS: All hundred male pediatric patients were between the ages of 1-15 years (mean age 8 years). Hospital stay was 2-3 days (average 2.5 days) in Group-A patients and 3-5 days (average 4 days) in Group-B patients. In Group-A3 (6%) patients had urinary tract infection, 1(2%) had urethral injury and 2(4%) had residual stone post-operatively. While Group-B4 (8%) suffered from urinary tract infection, 1(2%) had wound infection, 1(2%) had hematuria, and 2(4%) had fever. Retention of urine was 1(2%) in each Group. CONCLUSION: Transurethral cystolithoclasty is a much better way of treating vesical calculus in pediatric male patients because it is a procedure with short hospital stay, minimal invasion, no scar and less complication. KEYWORDS: Bladder Calculus, Comparison, Cystolithoclasty, Ureteroscope, Pneumatic Lithoclast, Dormia basket, Vesicolithotomy.

scholarly journals Impact of Urinary Tract Infection on Steroid Response in Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome in Children

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Tanuka Barua ◽  
Razia Sultana ◽  
Pradip Kumar Datta ◽  
Jhulan Das Sharma ◽  
Md Rezaul Karim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Steroid Response ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Impact

Context: UTI is one of the most common infection in nephrotic syndrome and may be a cause of delayed steroid response. Objective:To observe the impact of urinary tract infection on steroid response in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome children aged 2-6 years.Study design: Quasi experimental study Study period & place: Pediatric ward of Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chittagong from 01.01.2009 to 31.12.2009. Participants: 52 Nephrotic syndrome children aged 2-6 years with typical clinical features Group A: Nephrotic syndrome with UTI, Group B: Nephrotic syndrome without UTI. Methods: Heat coagulation test, urine for R/M/E and C/S was done in every patient. Steroid was given according to standard regimen. Date of starting of steroid was recorded. Antibiotic was given in group A cases according to C/S report. Patients were followed for clinical and urinary remission. Group A and B were compared for remission time achieved by statistical method.Results: A male preponderance was noted about 57.7% against female about 42.3%. Generalized swelling of body & scanty micturation found in cent percent study group. Ascitis was found in 23.08%. Scrotal/labial swelling 7.69%.UTI developed in 30.8% of patients of NS. Male female ratio is 1:1. Infection delayed the remission of proteinuria. Mean remission time of NS without UTI patients was 7.39 days and with UTI patients was 9.31 days. In statistical analysis, mean remission time in group A =9.31+2.24 days(mean + SD), in group B=7.39+2.51 days(mean + SD), P value = <0.05, statistically significant.Conclusion: UTI in nephrotic syndrome causes delayed remission of proteinuria and may be asymptomatic.It should be screened in every nephrotic syndrome children routinely.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cmoshmcj.v13i2.21046

scholarly journals Renal blood flow with ultrasonography and vesicoureteral reflux in childhood upper urinary tract infection

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-186
Author(s):  
Kiyoshi Hamahira ◽  
Tomoko Horinouchi ◽  
Michio Inoue ◽  
Mitsuhiro Okamoto ◽  
Reiko Sakata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Renal Blood Flow ◽  
Vesicoureteral Reflux ◽  
Upper Urinary Tract
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