Research progress of imaging technologies for ischemic cerebrovascular diseases

Cerebrovascular diseases mainly affect the blood supply of the brain, which has a high demand for oxygen and glucose for the nerve tissues to perform its nerve functions. Ischemic cerebrovascular disease can not only cause stroke, but is also associated with a high incidence of asymptomatic infarction and minimal bleeding that can lead to cognitive and behavioral changes. These changes ultimately manifest as vascular dementia or cognitive impairment. In clinical settings, ischemic cerebrovascular disease can be classified as a transient ischemic attack, reversible ischemic neurological deficit, progressive stroke, complete stroke, marginal infarction, or lacunar infarction. In this review, the research progress of imaging technologies for ischemic cerebrovascular diseases was reviewed, with an aim to provide evidence for clinical practitioners.

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Relationship Between N-Terminal Probrain Natriuretic Peptide (NT-Pro BNP) Level, Infarct Type and Infarct Volume in Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease

Journal of Stroke Medicine ◽

10.1177/2516608520938552 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 100-105

Author(s):

Selma Tekin ◽

Çağatay Hilmi Öncel ◽

Mehmet Bülent Özdemir ◽

Yalın Tolga Yaylalı ◽

Işık Tekin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cerebrovascular Disease ◽

Natriuretic Peptide ◽

Transient Ischemic Attack ◽

Infarct Volume ◽

Lacunar Infarct ◽

Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease ◽

Valuable Marker ◽

Disease Subtypes ◽

Ischemic Attack ◽

Relationship Of

Background: N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide, which is a neurohormone produced mainly by the heart, is increased in acute ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Here we aimed to investigate the relationship of N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide levels with cerebrovascular disease subtypes, infarct volume, and prognosis in cerebrovascular disease, and to determine if N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide could be a biomarker for ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Methods: Consecutive 105 patients with a diagnosis of acute ischemic cerebrovascular disease and 50 healthy controls were examined for serum N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide concentration, cerebrovascular disease subtypes, infarct volumes, and clinical outcomes with the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale assessment. Results: Mean N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide values of cardioembolic group were significantly higher than lacunar infarct group ( P < .005) and transient ischemic attack group ( P = .005). There was a relation between worsening in the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale and elevation at N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide ( P = .001). However, between N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide levels and infarct volume, significant correlation was not detected ( P = .44). Conclusion: N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide can be used as a valuable marker to distinguish between cardioembolic infarct and lacunar infarct. In addition, N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide levels might be used as a biomarker for differential diagnosis of transient ischemic attack group and to provide insight into the prognosis.

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Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery Vascular Hyperintensity in Cerebrovascular Disease: A Review for Radiologists and Clinicians

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/fnagi.2021.790626 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

Author(s):

Lichuan Zeng ◽

Jinxin Chen ◽

Huaqiang Liao ◽

Qu Wang ◽

Mingguo Xie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cerebrovascular Disease ◽

Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽

Inversion Recovery ◽

Arterial Stenosis ◽

Intracranial Arterial Stenosis ◽

Severe Stenosis ◽

Vessel Occlusion ◽

Retrograde Filling ◽

Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery ◽

Ischemic Attack

Neuroradiological methods play important roles in neurology, especially in cerebrovascular diseases. Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) vascular hyperintensity (FVH) is frequently encountered in patients with acute ischemic stroke and significant intracranial arterial stenosis or occlusion. The mechanisms underlying this phenomenon and the clinical implications of FVH have been a matter of debate. FVH is associated with large-vessel occlusion or severe stenosis, as well as impaired hemodynamics. Possible explanations suggested for its appearance include stationary blood and slow antegrade or retrograde filling of the leptomeningeal collateral circulation. However, the prognostic value of the presence of FVH has been controversial. FVH can also be observed in patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA), which may have different pathomechanisms. Its presence can help clinicians to identify patients who have a higher risk of stroke after TIA. In this review article, we aim to describe the mechanism and influencing factors of FVH, as well as its clinical significance in patients with cerebrovascular disease.

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Pregnancy Risk Factors as Predictors of Offspring Cerebrovascular Disease

Stroke ◽

10.1161/strokeaha.120.031618 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 52 (4) ◽

pp. 1347-1354

Author(s):

Milja Kivelä ◽

Ina Rissanen ◽

Eero Kajantie ◽

Hilkka Ijäs ◽

Harri Rusanen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Cerebrovascular Disease ◽

Transient Ischemic Attack ◽

Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Birth Complications ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Ischemic Attack ◽

Pregnancy And Birth

Background and Purpose: For prevention of cerebrovascular diseases, it is important to understand the risk factors occurring early in life. The aim was to investigate the relationship of maternal and offspring anthropometrics and pregnancy complications with offspring’s risk of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke and transient ischemic attack in adulthood. Methods: Within the population-based prospective Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966, 11 991 persons were followed from early pregnancy to 52 years of age. Information on pregnancy and birth complications were collected starting between 24th and 28th gestational week and at birth. Ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes of the offspring were identified from national registers in Finland. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the association of pregnancy and birth complications with incidence of cerebrovascular disease in the offspring, with adjustments for sex, family socioeconomic status, mother’s age, and smoking during pregnancy. Results: During 568 821 person-years of follow-up, 453 (3.8%) of the offspring had a stroke or transient ischemic attack. Small and large gestational weight gain among normal weight mothers were associated with increased ischemic stroke risk in offspring (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.93 [95% CI, 1.28–2.90] and aHR, 1.54 [95% CI, 1.02–2.31], respectively). Small birth weight for gestational age and small ponderal index were associated with increased risk for ischemic stroke (aHR, 1.95 [CI, 1.21–3.13] and aHR, 1.36 [CI, 1.04–1.77], respectively). Threatening miscarriage was also associated with increased risk of any stroke (aHR, 1.64 [CI 1.14–2.37]). Maternal smoking, hypertension, or birth complications were not associated with increased risk of cerebrovascular disease in the offspring. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that disturbances in maternal and fetal growth during pregnancy may predispose offspring to developing cerebrovascular diseases in adulthood.

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Some Results in Patients with Stroke Ischemic Tried with Ozone

10.53902/tnhcr.2021.01.000509 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Rodríguez Sánchez LA

Keyword(s):

Adverse Reaction ◽

Cerebrovascular Disease ◽

General Hospital ◽

Neurological Disorders ◽

Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽

Ozone Therapy ◽

Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease ◽

First Cause

Introduction: Cerebrovascular diseases are the first cause of admission for neurological disorders in Cuba. Objectives: To determine some results in patients with Ischemic cerebrovascular disease treated with ozone. Methodology: A prospective descriptive investigation was carried out in the General Hospital of Morón "Roberto Rodríguez Fernández", in the period between September 2019 and the same date in 2020. Results: A total of 90 patients were included in the study, of which only 10% presented some type of adverse reaction during the treatment and 91.1% of them reported feeling improved at the end of the ozone therapy. Conclusions: Ozone therapy proved to be safe and widely accepted by patients.

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PARAMETERS OF LIGHT-TRANSMISSION AGGREGOMETRY OF PLATELETS AND TECH-POLYMER-TEST IN CHRONIC CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA WITH TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACKS

Тромбоз, гемостаз и реология ◽

10.25555/thr.2018.2.0842 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Ю.И. Степанова ◽

Н.И. Нечипуренко ◽

Л.И. Алехнович

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Ischemia ◽

Light Transmission ◽

Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽

Control Group ◽

Chronic Cerebral Ischemia ◽

Acute Cerebral Ischemia ◽

Light Transmission Aggregometry ◽

Ischemic Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽

Ischemic Attack ◽

Diagnostics And Therapy

Цель исследования: провести сравнительный анализ состояния системы гемостаза у пациентов с транзиторной ишемической атакой (ТИА) на фоне хронической ишемии мозга (ХИМ) для оптимизации диагностики и терапии острых ишемических цереброваскулярных заболеваний. Материалы и методы. Обследовано 19 пациентов с ТИА (длительностью не более 24 часов) и 44 пациента с ХИМ в первые и на 8 ± 2 сутки госпитализации. Контрольную группу составили 55 практически здоровых добровольцев. Определяли параметры оптической агрегатометрии тромбоцитов (ОАТ) и Тех-Полимер-теста (ТПТ). Результаты. Продемонстрированы статистически значимые различия состояния первичного и вторичного гемостаза у пациентов с ТИА в сравнении с данными здоровых добровольцев и лиц с ХИМ без ТИА. Заключение. Проведение ОАТ и ТПТ в динамике острой ишемии мозга позволяет получить дополнительный диагностический инструмент для дифференциации пациентов с ТИА на фоне ХИМ и оценить эффективность антитромботической терапии. Aim: to perform a comparative analysis of hemostasis in patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) in chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI) for optimization of diagnostics and therapy of acute ischemic cerebrovascular diseases. Materials and methods. We examined 19 patients with TIA (not above 24 hours) and 44 patients with CCI at the fi rst day and on 8 ± 2 days of hospitalization. The control group consisted of 55 practically healthy volunteers. The parameters of lighttransmission aggregometry (LTA) of platelets and Tech-Polymer-test (TPT) were determined. Results. Statistically signifi cant diff erences in primary and secondary hemostasis in patients with TIA and CCI were shown in comparison with parameters of healthy persons and patients with CCI without TIA. Conclusion. Using of LTA and TPT in dynamics of acute cerebral ischemia allows to obtain an additional diagnostic instrument for differentiating patients with TIA and CCI and to evaluate the effectiveness of antithrombotic therapy.

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Arg506GIn Factor V Mutation (Factor V Leiden) in Patients with Ischaemic Cerebrovascular Disease and Survivors of Myocardial Infarction

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1653820 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 73 (04) ◽

pp. 558-560 ◽

Cited By ~ 105

Author(s):

Kimmo Kontula ◽

Antti Ylikorkala ◽

Helena Miettinen ◽

Alpo Vuorio ◽

Ritva Kauppinen-Mäkelin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Cerebrovascular Disease ◽

Factor V Leiden ◽

Mutant Gene ◽

Arterial Disease ◽

Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽

Extensive Study ◽

Carrier Status ◽

Factor V ◽

Ischaemic Attack

SummaryThe point mutation Arg506->Gln of factor V was recently shown to be an important and relatively common genetic cause of venous thromboembolism. Using a DNA technique based on polymerase chain reaction, we surveyed the blood samples of 236 patients with ischaemic stroke or a transient ischaemic attack, 122 survivors of myocardial infarction and 137 control subjects for the presence of this mutation. Although the frequency of the factor V mutation in patients with arterial disease (4.5%) was not significantly different from that in healthy blood donors (2.9%), a carrier status for this mutant gene was associated with symptoms of migraine and relatively mild angiographic abnormalities among patients with cerebrovascular disease. A more extensive study addressing the occurrence and significance of the mutant factor V mutation in patients with vasospastic cerebrovascular diseases seems to be warranted.

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Platelet Hyperaggregability in Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease and Effects of Aspirin

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1657237 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 48 (02) ◽

pp. 117-119 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

M Kusunoki ◽

K Kimura ◽

K Nagatsuka ◽

Y Isaka ◽

O Uyama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cerebrovascular Disease ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Second Phase ◽

Cerebral Angiogram ◽

Peripheral Venous Blood ◽

Chronic Stage ◽

Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease ◽

Carotid Arterial ◽

Platelet Hyperaggregability ◽

The Brain

SummaryPlatelet aggregation was studied in 24 patients in the chronic stage of ischemic cerebrovascular disease (CVD), with cerebral affluent and effluent blood, i.e., carotid arterial and internal jugular venous blood, and also with peripheral venous blood. Aggregation tests were performed at various final concentrations of sodium arachidonate (A.A.) and ADP. In 17 patients, not taking aspirin, platelet aggregability in jugular venous blood was significantly accentuated compared with that in arterial and peripheral venous blood. This tendency was more marked in the patients with cerebral artery stenosis and/or occlusion than in those with normal cerebral angiogram. In 7 patients taking 500 mg or more oral aspirin, aggregation differences across the brain were not observed and A.A. aggregation and the second phase of ADP aggregation were completely suppressed. These results suggest that a prophylactic administration of aspirin may be beneficial for patients in chronic stage of CVD.

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