Description and Trial of a Clinical Diagnostic Index for the early Diagnosis of Mammary Carcinoma.

1973 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Di Pietro ◽  
Alberto Re
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Mammary Carcinoma ◽  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Benign Lesion ◽  
Axillary Lymph Nodes ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Benign Lesions ◽  
Clinical Diagnostic ◽  
The Right ◽  
Diagnostic Index

A method of clinical investigation has been developed for the early diagnosis of mammary carcinoma based on the scoring of 10 Symptomatologie features of mammary nodules of doubtful malignancy. These features are: variations in size, consistency, form, surface, limits, mobility, protrusion, pain on pressure, presence and nature of secretion from the nipple, nature of axillary lymph nodes. Each feature is scored +2, + 1, 0, −1 or −2 according to whether it points to a malignant, doubtful or benign lesion, +2 and −2 indicating a more definite degree one way or the other. The number emerging from the algebric sum of the ten scores is rated as the complex score or clinical diagnostic index. The validity of the method was tested in 93 cases of clinically doubtful mammary nodules later subjected to histologic examination. The method yielded the right answer in 91 % (compared with 80 % for mammography) and false negatives in 2.2 % (compared with 15 %) of the 46 cases of mammary carcinoma. It yielded the right answer in 48.9 % (compared with 42.5 % for mammography) and 34 % false positives (same percentage as for mammography) of the 47 benign lesions. Thermography, used in about four-fifths of the cases, showed a much lower success rate. The combined outcome of clinical diagnostic index and mammography made it possible to avoid the preliminary classification of carcinomas as benign lesions. It was therefore concluded that the method is useful in uncertain mammary nodules, though the results of a larger trial, now in progress, must be awaited before expressing a definite verdict.

Further Trial of Clinical Diagnostic Index for the Malignancy Diagnosis of Mammary Nodules.

1975 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Di Pietro ◽  
Alberto Re
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Mammary Carcinoma ◽  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Diagnostic Errors ◽  
False Negatives ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Clinical Diagnostic ◽  
Benign Nodules ◽  
Diagnostic Index

The results of a further trial of a clinical diagnostic index (CDI) for ill-defined mammary nodules, based on the algebrical results of positive numerical values (for a suspect feature), or negative numerical values (for non suspect feature), attributed to 10 characteristic semeiological features, previously described, are reported. 222 nodules were clinically examined, all subsequently subjected to mammography and 188 of them to ther-mograpy; they were then operated and examined histologically. Of 106 malignant nodules the accuracy of the CDI was 88.6 % with 4.7 % false negatives; for mammography 65 % with 21.7 % false negatives; for termography (out of 87 cases) 66.6 with 23 % false negatives. The accuracy in 116 benign nodules was 45.6 % for the CDI, 32.7 % for mammography and 29.7 % for termography (out of 101 cases). In three cases of malignant nodules in women below 35 years of age, all three examinations gave negative results. The relations between the diagnostic errors of the three examinations, as well as the dimensions and histo-type of the nodules are also considered. It may be concluded, that the CDI is a simple rapid and highly accurate clinical investigation for early diagnosis of mammary carcinoma.

scholarly journals A rare case of unilateral breast filariasis mimicking chronic mastitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 2228
Author(s):  
Varsha A. Sharma ◽  
Manmohan M. Kamat ◽  
Jeena K. Sathyan ◽  
Seema Barman ◽  
Shravani Shetye
Keyword(s):  
Benign Lesion ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Axillary Lymph Nodes ◽  
Excision Biopsy ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Presumptive Diagnosis ◽  
Lower Quadrant ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right

Filariasis of the breast is a very rare condition. In India, largest number (around 600 million) of people live in endemic areas. Despite the huge number, it is quite rare to find microfilaria in routine smears and body fluids and it is even more rare to find it in breasts. A 40 years old female, presented with a history of lump in the right breast approximately 3x3 cm in size in the right lower quadrant. Findings were confirmed by clinical examination which did not reveal any palpable ipsilateral or contralateral axillary lymph nodes. FNAC showed it as a benign lesion. After local excision, histopathology revealed a filarial worm. Filariasis of the breast is a rare disease. The presence of microfilaria in breasts using FNAC has been reported at times but the presence of the filarial worms can only be confirmed on histopathology, hence a core biopsy or an excision biopsy is a must in all the cases. A presumptive diagnosis of filariasis can be made on sonography if the worms are alive and active, the typical presentation on USG is the filarial dance. Surgical excision of the lump followed by DEC therapy is the treatment of choice for filarial lump of the breast.

scholarly journals Diagnostic utility of PET/CT in a patient with miliary tuberculosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuneyt Tetikkurt ◽  
Nurbanu Inci ◽  
Hail Yanardag
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Miliary Tuberculosis ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Axillary Lymph Nodes ◽  
Diagnostic Utility ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
The Right

A 63-year-old male presented with loss of appetite, subfebrile fever, swelling of the right hand and dyspnea on exertion for three months. Past medical history revealed methotrexate treatment of six months for rheumatoid arthritis. Chest radiography and computed tomography (CT) revealed diffuse miliary nodules. PET/CT scan demonstrated diffuse FDG uptake in both lungs, in the spleen, in the right hand, the mediastinal and the axillary lymph nodes. MR of the right hand showed inflammatory arthritis. Histopathology of the right hand tru-cut biopsy revealed degenerative changes. Culture of the hand biopsy tissue was positive for mycobacterium tuberculosis. PET/CT may determine the biopsy and the sampling sites for the early diagnosis of patients with suspected miliary tuberculosis where lesion identification on other modalities may be difficult or unfeasible. High sensitivity for inflammatory diseases makes PET/CT a useful diagnostic utility for enabling early diagnosis in miliary tuberculosis which is a diagnostic predicament.

Immunohistochemical Investigation of Axillary Lymph Nodes for Micrometastases in Patients with Breast Cancer Using E29

1989 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 563-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Cavaliere ◽  
Brunangelo Falini ◽  
Giacomo Antonini
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Mammary Carcinoma ◽  
Radical Mastectomy ◽  
Axillary Lymph Nodes ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Immunohistochemical Investigation

The axillary lymph nodes from 31 mammary carcinoma patients who had undergone radical mastectomy and were negative for metastases at routine histologic examination of hilar sections, were investigated with E29, an anti-epithelial monoclonal antibody, to detect the presence of neoplastic epithelial cells. In 4 of 433 lymph nodes examined (0.9 %) this antibody revealed the presence of epithelial metastatic foci which had not been observed at routine histological examination or interpreted as histiocytes. The 4 lymph nodes belonged to 4 different patients.

Regional Nodal Metastasis of Humeral Chondrosarcoma in a Dog

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 346-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandy Meindel ◽  
Lisa Pohlman ◽  
Brad DeBey ◽  
Mary Lynn Higginbotham ◽  
Rachel Moon
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Bone Lesion ◽  
Prognostic Indicator ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Nodal Metastasis ◽  
Axillary Lymph Nodes ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right

A 6 yr old castrated male English springer spaniel was evaluated with a 1 mo history of progressive right forelimb lameness with recent swelling around the elbow joint. Physical examination findings included lameness of the right forelimb, muscle atrophy around the right shoulder, grade 2/6 heart murmur, and moderate dental disease. Results of a complete blood cell count and serum biochemical analysis were unremarkable with the exception of a mildly increased alkaline phosphatase (368 U/L; reference range, 128–328 U/L). Radiographs of the right elbow revealed a mixed lytic and proliferative osseous lesion most consistent with either neoplasia or infection. Thoracic radiographs and the echocardiogram were unremarkable. Fine-needle aspiration of the bone lesion was performed. The cytological diagnosis was chondrosarcoma. The right forelimb was amputated and the axillary lymph nodes were collected. Histopathological examination of the bone lesion and axillary lymph nodes revealed chondrosarcoma with metastasis to the lymph nodes. Lymph node metastasis of chondrosarcoma is rare and needs to be further evaluated as a prognostic indicator.

Passive and specific targeting of lymph nodes: the influence of the administration route

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Pitorre ◽  
Guillaume Bastiat ◽  
Elodie Marie dit Chatel ◽  
Jean-Pierre Benoit
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Injection Site ◽  
Lymph Flow ◽  
Axillary Lymph Nodes ◽  
Optimal Size ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right ◽  
Weak Accumulation

AbstractPatients diagnosed with an advanced-stage cancer present a dismal prognosis due to the presence of metastases. From the primary tumor, the cancer cells are disseminated via lymphatic circulation; metastases develop initially in lymph nodes. Therefore, the targeting of lymph nodes needs to be improved in the design of future chemotherapy, and one way to ensure this targeting is by using the subcutaneous (SC) route. Using lipid nanocapsules (LNCs) (40 nm and fluorescently-labeled with DiD) as nanocarriers, a correlation between the SC injection site (behind the neck, the right and left flanks, and above the tail) for LNC administration and specific lymph node accumulation (left and right cervical, axillary and inguinal lymph nodes) was achieved for Sprague-Dawley rats. The pharmacokinetic and biodistribution profiles confirmed the absence of LNCs in systemic circulation after SC administration due to the optimal size of the LNCs. With appropriate SC administration, LNCs can accumulate in specific lymph nodes, whereas IV administration led to a weak accumulation of LNCs in all lymph nodes. Specific accumulation followed the lymph flow: bottom-up from the lower to upper limbs and top down from the head, with two lymph circulation partitions: right upper limb and the rest. Administration above the tail presented high inguinal and axillary lymph node accumulation whereas weak accumulation was observed after administration behind the neck. LNCs administered in the left flank only accumulated in the left inguinal and axillary lymph nodes, whereas left and right inguinal and axillary lymph nodes presented accumulation after administration in the right flank. Cervical lymph nodes, in the opposite direction of lymph flow, were never targeted after SC administration, whatever the injection site.

scholarly journals Case Report : Lymphocytic Lobulitis With Fibrocystic Disease Of The Breast

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 125-129
Author(s):  
Tannistha Chakraborty, ◽  
Shreya Shetty Dr. ◽  
Ravishankar Dr. K.S
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Breast Imaging ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Benign Lesion ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Benign Condition ◽  
Inflammatory Carcinoma ◽  
Lymphocytic Lobulitis ◽  
The Right

Lymphocytic lobulitis , is a fibroinflammatory benign condition of the breast which is associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus. This benign condition is uncommon and may be mistaken for inflammatory carcinoma of the breast. We report the case of a 61 year old female patient who presented with a lump in the right breast with a history of Type 2 diabetes mellitus. The lump was associated with discharge and recent onset pain. On examination a vague lump which was non mobile, involving the right breast was palpable. A single firm mobile right axillary lymph node was palpable. Peau d’orange or orange peel appearance which occurs due to blockage of sub dermal lymphatics by tumour infiltrates, was noted over the skin. Clinically the features were suggestive of inflammatory carcinoma. Mammogram suggested an inflammatory carcinoma. Ultrasound of the breast was suggestive of right duct ectasia and diffusely thickened breast with a Breast Imaging Radiology and Data System (BIRADS) score of 3. An incision biopsy was performed with histopathology confirming the lesion as lymphocytic lobulitis with fibrocystic breast disease. The patient was symptomatically managed with analgesics and reassured. She was observed on regular follow up and is currently healthy. Lymphocytic lobulitis is a rare benign lesion which mimics carcinoma. Clinically it presents with ill defined single or multiple breast lumps in young or middle aged women with thickening and hardening of skin. Magnetic Resonance Imaging better differentiates this otherwise indolent lesion from malignancies. A histopathological examination is usually confirmatory and required to alleviate concerns of patients regarding presence of a malignancy which has a much fearsome physical and psychological implication

scholarly journals Endosalpingiosis Is Negative for GATA3

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marissa J. White ◽  
Russell Vang ◽  
Pedram Argani ◽  
Ashley Cimino-Mathews
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Mammary Carcinoma ◽  
Cancer Staging ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Axillary Lymph Nodes ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Breast Cancer Staging

Context.— Endosalpingiosis is a benign Müllerian inclusion that can mimic metastatic low-grade mammary carcinoma, particularly when encountered in axillary lymph nodes excised for breast cancer staging. Immunohistochemistry can be useful in histologically ambiguous cases, and a targeted immunopanel should include a marker of gynecologic tract origin and a marker of mammary origin. GATA3 is a sensitive immunomarker for breast carcinoma, but the immunoreactivity of GATA3 in endosalpingiosis has not been systematically evaluated. Objective.— To evaluate whether GATA3 immunohistochemistry could be used to differentiate endosalpingiosis from metastatic mammary carcinoma. Design.— Whole slide sections of 15 cases of endosalpingiosis involving nonneoplastic tissues were subjected to GATA3 immunohistochemistry. Nuclear GATA3 labeling was scored as percentage and intensity labeling, with any labeling considered positive; GATA3 labeling was recorded in all cells present in the sections. Results.— Half (47%, n = 7 of 15) of the endosalpingiosis cases involved lymph nodes (2 axillary, 5 pelvic) and half (53%, n = 8 of 15) involved pelvic organs or soft tissue (3 myometrial, 2 paratubal, 2 periadnexal soft tissue, and 1 pelvic sidewall). GATA3 immunohistochemistry was negative in all cases of endosalpingiosis, with intact, positive control labeling in lymphocytes. The benign fallopian tube epithelium present on the sections of paratubal endosalpingiosis displayed focal (<5%), weak labeling for GATA3, specifically within the ciliated and secretory cells. Conclusions.— These findings support the diagnostic utility of GATA3 immunohistochemistry and its use in a targeted immunopanel to resolve the differential diagnosis of metastatic low-grade mammary carcinoma (GATA3+) and nodal endosalpingiosis (GATA3−).

scholarly journals Primary Ewing sarcoma of the larynx with distant metastasis: a case report and review of the literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Maroun ◽  
I. Khalifeh ◽  
A. Tfayli ◽  
R. V. Moukarbel
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Vocal Cord ◽  
Ewing Sarcoma ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Thyroid Cartilage ◽  
Axillary Lymph Nodes ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Extraosseous Ewing Sarcoma

Extraosseous Ewing sarcoma is a rare, poorly differentiated round-cell tumour that is part of the Ewing sarcoma family of tumours. Here, we present an extremely rare case of primary extraosseous Ewing sarcoma arising in the larynx, with distant metastases.    A 53-year-old man with a history of Hodgkin lymphoma treated 4 years earlier with 8 cycles of chemotherapy presented to our medical centre with a 2-week history of hoarseness. On physical examination, he was found to have a right supraglottic mass together with a fixed right vocal cord. Computed tomography imaging of the patient’s neck showed a heterogeneously enhancing lesion measuring 5.0×3.8×3.8 cm, centred on the right thyroid cartilage and invading the right true vocal cord. Imaging by integrated fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography and computed tomography showed active subcarinal and axillary lymph nodes, multiple scattered lung nodules, and multiple bony metastases. Needle core biopsy of the laryngeal mass was diagnostic for Ewing sarcoma. The patient received radiation to the laryngeal area and then alternating cycles of vincristine–actinomycin-D–cyclophosphamide and etoposide–ifosfamide. The patient remains in remission 1 year after completing therapy.    As demonstrated in the present report, these tumours can behave very aggressively both locally and by metastasizing to distant organs. Our treatment approach provided favourable results for the patient; however, future reports are needed to further elucidate optimal management.

Diagnosis and Therapy of Carcinoma of the Breast

1967 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-79
Author(s):  
Mario Margottini
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Radical Surgery ◽  
Excisional Biopsy ◽  
Axillary Lymph Nodes ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Carcinoma Of The Breast ◽  
Clinical Stages ◽  
Internal Mammary ◽  
Self Examination

Although prognosis of carcinoma of the breast in clinical stages I and II is conditioned by many factors, early diagnosis and prompt treatment are at present the most useful means at our disposal to achieve the best results. Early diagnosis, and better still the detection of tumours in a preclinical stage, can be arrived at by breast self-examination, periodic check-up and mammography. The latter is particularly useful in revealing clinically silent lesions. Only excisional biopsy can ascertain the diagnosis which it is important to establish when the intramammary lump, because of its small size, lacks any sign of malignancy. Recent studies of the lymphatic spread of breast carcinoma have demonstrated that the parasternal metastases are not a late manifestation of the disease but rather a frequent finding in cancer in clinical stages I and II. These metastases are correlated, not only to the site of the tumor in the inner quadrants of the mammary gland, but also to the metastatic index of the axillary lymph nodes. A similar correlation exists between the number of axillary nodes involved and the frequency of microscopic supraclavicular metastases. When radical surgery is indicated, it should comprise the excision of the internal mammary lymph nodes, and in case a supraclavicular dissection. Inoperable cases should be treated by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Recently pre, intra and postoperative chemotherapy is being increasingly carried out in association with the basic radio-surgical therapy, but such treatment can only be of help as an adjuvant of radical surgery, not as a substitute for an incomplete operation.

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