The Pathology of Malignant Lymphoma in Cattle: A Study of 1113 Cases

About 1100 cases of malignant lymphoma were studied. Malignant lymphomas in cattle occur mostly at the older ages but they are by no means absent in the very young. Sex, breed and season of the year have little significance. Nearly all organs and tissues are susceptible to invasion, but some much more so than others, lymph nodes and heart being outstanding. Several histological types are described, as well as a relation to Hodgkin's disease. Reactions by eosinophils, plasma cells and other cells are described and an attempt made to evaluate them etiologically. Considerable evidence suggests that this neoplastic disease originates as an unsuccessful, generalized defensive reaction.

Download Full-text

Lymphocyte Populations in Lymph Nodes in Different Histological Types of Hodgkin’s Disease in Children

Acta Haematologica ◽

10.1159/000079723 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 112 (3) ◽

pp. 129-135 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Anna Pituch-Noworolska ◽

Grażyna Drabik ◽

Ewa Kacińska ◽

Tomasz Klekawka

Keyword(s):

Lymph Nodes ◽

Hodgkin's Disease ◽

Hodgkin’S Disease ◽

Histological Types ◽

Lymphocyte Populations

Download Full-text

Diagnostic Cell Pathology in Lymph Nodes Diseases

Tumori Journal ◽

10.1177/030089167205800501 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 58 (5) ◽

pp. 289-310 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Silvana Pilotti ◽

Franco Rilke

Keyword(s):

Lymph Nodes ◽

Hodgkin's Disease ◽

Hodgkin’S Disease ◽

Cell Types ◽

Malignant Lymphomas ◽

Histological Sections ◽

Histiocytic Lymphoma ◽

Poorly Differentiated ◽

Nuclear Structures ◽

Metastatic Malignant Tumor

The investigation is based on the cytological findings in imprints, stained by the modified Papanicolaou E.A. 50 method, of 190 lymph nodes, of which 10 were normal 60 with benign diseases, 58 with malignant lymphomas and 62 with metastases. The cytological data were controlled by and correlated with histological sections. Touch preparations of lymph nodes do not present technical difficulties, are rapidly prepared and are always satisfactory. Cytological details are much better preserved and more recognizable than in histological sections but little information on lymph node organization is yielded. Imprints do not replace tissue diagnoses or even frozen sections, but under certain circumstances they may supply sufficient data for immediate diagnostic purposes, such as findings of metastatic malignant tumor cells or of Reed-Sternberg cells and their variants in lymph nodes during laparatomy for the staging of Hodgkin's disease. In addition to their supplementary diagnostic as well as teaching value, touch preparations allow minute caryological observations in malignant lymphomas. Peculiar basic nuclear structures in both well and poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphomas and two different nuclear types in histiocytic lymphoma are described. The variations and frequency of several cell types (reticulum cells, lymphocytes, histiocytes, Reed-Sternberg and lacunar cells) in Hodgkin's disease are described and correlated with the histologic type.

Download Full-text

Organ Culture of Human Lymph Nodes, Normal or with Malignant Lymphomas

Tumori Journal ◽

10.1177/030089167105700503 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 57 (5) ◽

pp. 343-348

Author(s):

Roberto Navone

Keyword(s):

Characteristic Feature ◽

Organ Culture ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Hodgkin's Disease ◽

Lymphocytic Leukaemia ◽

Hodgkin’S Disease ◽

Original Structure ◽

Reticulum Cell ◽

Malignant Lymphomas ◽

Severe Fibrosis

Human lymph nodes, normal or with malignant lymphomas, in organ culture present after four days various types of changes (loss of lymphocytes, necrosis, and fibrotic hyaline changes). In many cases these changes do not destroy the original structure. The latter is more recognizable in reactive hyperplasias, in lymphosarcomas, in reticulum cell sarcomas and in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia than in Hodgkin's disease. Severe fibrosis constitutes a fairly characteristic feature differentiating Hodgkin's disease from other lymphomas.

Download Full-text

An Evaluation of Paraffin Sections of Aspirated Bone Marrow in Malignant Lymphomas

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v10.8.820.820 ◽

1955 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 820-830 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

JACQUELINE D. PETTET ◽

GERTRUDE L. PEASE ◽

TALBERT COOPER

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Malignant Lymphoma ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Hodgkin's Disease ◽

Hodgkin’S Disease ◽

Reticulum Cell ◽

Reticulum Cell Sarcoma ◽

Paraffin Sections ◽

Malignant Lymphomas ◽

Cell Sarcoma

Abstract Examination of serial paraffin sections of bone-marrow aspirations has increased the known incidence of marrow involvement in malignant lymphomas. The results of this study can be seen in the table. In the 72 cases reviewed here, lesions compatible with malignant lymphoma were seen in paraffin sections in 22 cases. In 12 cases this was the only material available for diagnosis at the time. In an additional seven cases paraffin sections were considered suggestive of malignant lymphoma and in five of these a diagnosis could be made on the basis of examination of both smear and paraffin section. This procedure is particularly helpful in Hodgkin’s disease and reticulum cell sarcoma, where marrow smears are only rarely diagnostic. In general, the patients in whom lesions were found in the bone marrow tended to have more advanced disease than those in whom lesions were not found, and abnormalities in the peripheral blood were more common. This was especially true of patients with Hodgkin’s disease, less so in those with reticulum cell sarcoma. Patients with lymphosarcoma, lymphocytic type, did not show this difference, either in the extent of the disease or in findings on examination of peripheral blood. Diagnosis was most difficult in patients who had lymphocytic lymphosarcoma, since it was occasionally difficult to distinguish between the benign aggregations of lymphocytes which are not infrequently found in a large number of unrelated conditions and those aggregations which represented malignancy. Differentiation was made on the basis of number of aggregations, degree of circumscription, presence or absence of reaction centers and the cytologic appearance of the cells. Examination of the smears of the marrow is most helpful in these cases. Seven patients in this series (9.7 per cent) had granulomatous lesions in the marrow. In five of these the final diagnosis was Hodgkin’s disease, in one reticulum cell sarcoma and in one follicular lymphoma. Although these lesions were not specific, the incidence is high enough to make the finding of a granuloma of some significance in any patient suspected of having malignant lymphoma. The importance of thorough examination of any material obtained in an apparent dry tap and the value of repeated marrow-examinations is emphasized by three cases in this series. Since in many cases diagnostic lesions are found in only one portion of the material, examination of only one section of the paraffin sections of aspirated bone marrow is not sufficient for proper evaluation. This fact is emphasized by the greater incidence of positive findings in this report than in that of Cooper and Watkins. Studies of bone marrow should be particularly helpful in instances in which the diagnosis of malignant lymphoma is suggested by clinical features but cannot be proved by biopsy of peripheral nodes or other readily accessible tissue.

Download Full-text

The Spread of Malignant Lymphomas in Children

Tumori Journal ◽

10.1177/030089166805400404 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 54 (4) ◽

pp. 311-319 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Gianni Bonadonna ◽

Franca Fossati-Bellani

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Radiation Therapy ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Hodgkin's Disease ◽

Hodgkin’S Disease ◽

Blood Stream ◽

Pathological Examination ◽

Malignant Lymphomas ◽

Waldeyer’S Ring ◽

Work Up

The preferential sites of involvement and the mode of spread of malignant lymphomas have been evaluated in 71 consecutive untreated children up to and including the age of 15 years (33 with Hodgkin's disease, 19 with lymphosarcoma and 19 with reticulum cell sarcoma). In all cases the diagnosis was defined by pathological examination. Lower-extremity lymphography (3–5 ml of Lipiodol Fluid per foot) was carried out only in 17 patients (10 with Hodgkin's disease and 7 with lymphoreticular sarcomas) without untoward reactions or pulmonary complications. Patients were staged according to the international four stage clinical classification proposed at Rye in 1965. Hodgkin's disease was confined to lymph nodes and spleen in practically all patients (97.5%), while in comparison lymphoreticular sarcomas revealed an appreciable involvement of Waldeyer's ring (6.5%) and a considerable extension to extranodal sites (18%) with frequent invasion of adbomen and bone marrow. Mediastinal nodes were definitely more involved in Hodgkin's disease (18.5%) than in lymphoreticular sarcomas (5.5%), while the opposite occurred for extensions below the diaphragm (inguinal, retroperitoneal and mesenteric nodes). The mode of spread has been studied by counting the number of untreated patients (only with primary involvement of lymph nodes and Waldeyer's ring) with contiguous and non contiguous adenopathies, as well as the next sites of involvement after localized radiation therapy. The majority of children with Hodgkin's disease showed adenopathies distributed throughout contiguous areas (15/18 cases). This occurred also in those with lymphoreticular sarcomas (5/8 cases) although in 4/5 patients the disease had its primary onset in Waldeyer's ring where, as in adults, cervical adenopathies are often present. A total of 14 children with Hodgkin's disease developed a recurrence after different lengths of time. This occurred in 10 patients in lymph node-bearing areas clinically uninvolved at the time of initial work up, but adjacent to those treated with local radiation therapy. The lymphoreticular sarcomas, on the contrary, showed a tendency to spread earlier to viscera and bones. The analysis of our pediatric lymphomas shows that the spread of Hodgkin's disease in children is similar to that observed in adults, i.e. with an initially slow and orderly lymphatic progression in the large majority of patients. Lymphoreticular sarcomas on the contrary, with the possible exception of those arising in Waldeyer's ring, were very often a generalized process (Stage IV) at the time of presentation with frequent invasion of bone marrow and abdominal cavity. These observations could be probably explained in part by the fact that lymphoreticular sarcomas arise in the gastrointestinal tract or in lymph nodes below the diaphragm (retroperitoneal, mesenteric) in a much higher percentage than usually seen on routine work up. Therefore through the thoracic duct, and without involvement of mediastinum, malignant cells reach the blood stream earlier. The orderly lymphatic spread in most patients with Hodgkin's disease and the predominant dissemination through the blood stream in lymphoreticular sarcomas could explain the difference in prognosis. On the basis of the mode of spread prophylactic irradiation to adjacent clinically uninvolved lymphoid regions is therefore indicated in patients with Hodgkin's disease and only in lymphoreticular sarcomas with primary involvement of Waldeyer's ring.

Download Full-text

Relation of Bone Marrow Findings to Serum Protein Changes in Lymphosarcoma, Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Hodgkin’s Disease

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v15.1.114.114 ◽

1960 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 114-129 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

ALTAN ONAT ◽

TALBERT COOPER

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽

Malignant Lymphoma ◽

Hodgkin's Disease ◽

Gamma Globulin ◽

Plasma Cells ◽

Serum Proteins ◽

Hodgkin’S Disease ◽

Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽

Reticular Cell

Abstract In order to correlate the electrophoretic alterations in the serum proteins and the findings in the bone marrow, with particular reference to atypical lymphocytic forms and plasma cells, 14 cases of lymphosarcoma, six of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and six of Hodgkin’s disease were studied. No numerical relationship could be found between the degree of lymphoid atypia and the changes in serum globulin. A correlation, however, was apparent between the plasma cell concentration in the bone marrow and the changes in the serum gamma globulin, inasmuch as pronounced hypergammaglobulinemia occurred in all four cases of malignant lymphoma associated with bone marrow plasmacytosis (ranging from 2.8 to 12.8 per cent) and hypogammaglobulinemia of moderate to marked degree was present in five of the six cases of malignant lymphoma in which plasma cells were virtually absent in the bone marrow. When the findings of the fixed sections of the marrow are included, plasmacytosis was demonstrated in bone marrow in eight of 10 cases in which serum gamma globulins were elevated. In two cases, serum globulins were qualitatively abnormal. In one, a case (case 15) of Hodgkin’s disease, a small fraction of electrophoretically homogeneous globulin was noted. In the other, case 5, in which the histologic diagnosis was lymphocytic lymphosarcoma, macroglobulins constituted 40 per cent of the serum proteins, and Bence Jones proteinuria was associated. Predominantly mature plasmacytosis of 12.8 per cent was present in the bone marrow. This case may be regarded as illustrative of the interrelationship between myeloma and lymphosarcoma and supports the view21 that, clinically and morphologically, transitional forms occur between lymphatic tumors and plasmacytomas. On the basis of this material, it is suggested that in cases of lymphosarcoma, Hodgkin’s disease and chronic lymphocytic leukemia, alterations in the plasma content of the bone marrow, either as reactive plasmacytosis or as virtual absence of plasma cells, appear to be a major pathogenetic factor in the occurrence of hypergammaglobulinemia and hypogammaglobulinemia, respectively. Hypogammaglobulinemia was observed in three of six cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia; two of 14 cases of lymphosarcoma; and one of six classified as Hodgkin’s disease. Conversely, quantitative increases in the gamma globulin level occurred in none of the six cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia; in six of 14 cases of lymphosarcoma (including two of three classified as lymphosarcoma, reticular cell type), and in three of the six cases of Hodgkin’s disease.

Download Full-text

Reed-Sternberg cells and "bystander" lymphocytes in lymph nodes affected by Hodgkin's disease are infected with different strains of Epstein-Barr virus.

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.71.3.2547-2549.1997 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 71 (3) ◽

pp. 2547-2549 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

F Meggetto ◽

P Brousset ◽

J Selves ◽

G Delsol ◽

B Mariame

Keyword(s):

Lymph Nodes ◽

Hodgkin's Disease ◽

Epstein Barr Virus ◽

Hodgkin’S Disease ◽

Barr Virus ◽

Epstein Barr ◽

Different Strains

Download Full-text

Chemotherapy in hodgkin’s disease (lymphadenoma)

Drug and Therapeutics Bulletin ◽

10.1136/dtb.11.15.57 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 11 (15) ◽

pp. 57-59

Keyword(s):

Lymph Nodes ◽

Young Women ◽

Hodgkin's Disease ◽

Important Determinant ◽

Hodgkin’S Disease ◽

X Rays ◽

Single Factor ◽

Node Biopsy ◽

Choice Of Treatment ◽

Choice Of Therapy

The extent of Hodgkin’s disease at the time of diagnosis is the most important single factor affecting prognosis and the choice of treatment.1 2 Thorough investigation is needed to determine the stage of the disease,3 and it is best to refer patients to a centre with special experience of the condition. The staging process requires haematological, biochemical and radiographic studies, including abdominal lymphography.4 Some patients may also need laparotomy with splenectomy and hepatic and node biopsy to localise any intra-abdominal spread, particularly into the liver which is ominous and an important determinant in the choice of therapy.5 6 Laparotomy is less usually performed in patients over 60. In children under 6 splenectomy should not be carried out because it makes them more susceptible to infection.7 In young women the ovaries may be sewn to the abdominal wall in the mid-line so that they can be shielded from x-rays directed at iliac lymph nodes.

Download Full-text