The Pathology of Natural Fasciola hepatica Infection in Cattle

The pathology of bovinc livers during the parenchymal and chronic phases of natural Fasciola hepatica infections is described. Immature infections occurred from September to the middle of January. Significant changes of the hepatic parenchyma caused by immature flukes occurred in association with large migrational tracks. The changes included frequent thrombosis and haemorrhages, extensive disintegration and coagulative necrosis of hepatic cells, and abundant infiltrates of inflammatory cells. In chronic infections the proliferation and destruction of the mucosa of main bile ducts were pronounced. Normal mast cells were lacking in the portal areas surrounding fresh migrational tracks. In chronically infected livers mast cells occurred in great numbers.

Download Full-text

Some observations of Fasciola hepatica L. during feeding operations in the hepatic parenchyma of the mouse, with notes on the nature of liver damage in this host

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182000072607 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 53 (1-2) ◽

pp. 135-143 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Ben Dawes

Keyword(s):

Liver Damage ◽

Critical Period ◽

Fasciola Hepatica ◽

Nutritional Deficiencies ◽

Critical Conditions ◽

Hepatic Parenchyma ◽

Inflammatory Reactions ◽

Early Entry ◽

Hepatic Cells ◽

Feeding Activities

During the early stages of infections of mice with Fasciola hepatica (6–11 days) the young flukes feed almost exclusively on hepatic cells which the oral sucker and the pharynx have broken down into a kind of homogenate containing Kupffer cells, invading leucocytes and some erythrocytes. As the flukes increase in size liver damage also increases in amount because of the larger burrows which are made. In some instances this does not adversely affect the host but in many infections excessive liver damage produces critical conditions which threaten the life of the host and its parasites. A comparison of the lesions produced in infections lasting 17–25 days with lesions produced after only 6–7 days has shown that the former, unlike the latter, are not due entirely to the feeding activities of the fluke. In short-term infections the inflammatory reaction produces the characteristic effects which are concerned with the healing of fluke tracts, but in older infections this reaction appears to be much more violent and tremendous leucocytic infiltrations break down apparently normal hepatic parenchyma and convert the terminal part of the burrow into a pool containing enormous numbers of invading leucocytes, broken hepatic cells and blood. These are the conditions which prevail at the onset of the critical period, when flukes have their growth inhibited as if by nutritional deficiencies. Some hosts are able to survive the critical period and nurture well-grown flukes for long periods, and may be able to obviate the critical conditions. It is suggested that the excessive damage which occurs in many instances during the critical period is not due to the feeding activities of the larger flukes but is a consequence of less restrained or even unrestrained inflammatory reactions which may lead to more serious pathogenic effects bordering on malignancy. This may be related to differences in the time spent by flukes in the hepatic parenchyma, early entry into the biliary system obviating these effects, late entry facilitating them.

Download Full-text

The Pathogenesis of Primary and Secondary Infection with Fasciola hepatica in Mice

Veterinary Pathology ◽

10.1177/030098587801500608 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 15 (6) ◽

pp. 763-769 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

R. A. Masake ◽

R. B. Wescott ◽

G. R. Spencer ◽

B. Z. Lang

Keyword(s):

Connective Tissue ◽

Inflammatory Response ◽

Host Response ◽

Bile Ducts ◽

Fasciola Hepatica ◽

Secondary Infection ◽

Chronic Phase ◽

Inflammatory Cells ◽

Duct System ◽

Secondary Infections

Primary and secondary infections of F. hepatica in mice were compared to determine how prior exposure to the parasite affected host response. Mice with primary parenchymal Fasciola infections initially had hemorrhagic tunnels filled with inflammatory cells and connective tissue. These lesions were progressive and became most severe 30 days after exposure as the parasites entered the bile ducts. At this time there was much hyperplasia and thickening of all layers of the duct system near the parasites and occasionally severe periportal fibrosis. By 2 months after exposure regeneration of the damaged liver cells was complete although hyperplasia persisted in bile ducts containing flukes. In mice with secondary infections (mice exposed 40 to 50 days after first infection), the inflammatory response was faster and shorter. Most lesions were resolved by 30 days after the second exposure. There was little difference in histology of primary and secondary infections during the chronic phase of the disease.

Download Full-text

On the Ultrastructure of Epithelial Cells in Bile Ducts of Cattle Chronically Infected with Fasciola Hepatica

Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica ◽

10.1186/bf03547441 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 233-244

Author(s):

Timo Rahko

Keyword(s):

Epithelial Cells ◽

Bile Ducts ◽

Fasciola Hepatica

Download Full-text

Comparison of two coprological methods for the veterinary diagnosis of fasciolosis

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/s0102-09352005000200007 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 57 (2) ◽

pp. 181-185 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

F. Kleiman ◽

S. Pietrokovsky ◽

S. Gil ◽

C. Wisnivesky-Colli

Keyword(s):

Endemic Area ◽

Diagnostic Method ◽

Staining Method ◽

Fasciola Hepatica ◽

False Negative ◽

Sample Processing ◽

Hepatica Infection ◽

Sedimentation Method ◽

Faecal Samples ◽

Reliable Diagnostic Method

The sensitivity and utility of a standard faecal sedimentation method (FSM) and a modified stool sieving staining method (FSSM), both currently employed for the diagnosis of Fasciola hepatica infection were compared. Faecal samples were obtained from 51 bovines of an endemic area for fasciolosis in Southwestern Argentina. Each sample was placed in a recipient containing 5% formalin. Eight millilitres of the suspension, equivalent to 2g of faeces, were used for each of the two methods tested. The number of eggs found per sample was recorded. The proportion of positive samples obtained by the FSSM (27/51) was significantly higher than that by the FSM (11/51) (P<0.05). The percent of agreement between methods was 41%. Over a total of 27 positive samples detected by the FSSM, the FSM missed 16, yielding 60% false negative samples. The FSSM enhanced 2.5 times the sensitivity of diagnosis. The complexity of the FSM may decrease its sensitivity through missing and loss of eggs during sample processing. These results confirmed that the commonly used FSM underestimates the prevalence and the egg output in cattle and that the FSSM is a more reliable diagnostic method.

Download Full-text

The Course of Experimental Fasciola hepatica Infection in Calves with a Deficient Cellular Immunity

Research in Veterinary Science ◽

10.1016/s0034-5288(18)33995-x ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 468-477 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

T. Flagstad ◽

S. Andersen ◽

K. Nielsen

Keyword(s):

Cellular Immunity ◽

Fasciola Hepatica ◽

Hepatica Infection

Download Full-text

Diagnosis of Liver Fluke (Fasciola hepatica) Infection in Human Beings by Means of Immunoelectrophoresis

Nature ◽

10.1038/198204a0 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 198 (4876) ◽

pp. 204-204 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

D. TEODOROVIĆ ◽

I. BERKEŠ ◽

M. MILOVANAVIĆ

Keyword(s):

Liver Fluke ◽

Fasciola Hepatica ◽

Human Beings ◽

Hepatica Infection

Download Full-text

Fasciola hepatica infection reduces Mycobacterium bovis burden and mycobacterial uptake and suppresses the pro‐inflammatory response

Parasite Immunology ◽

10.1111/pim.12326 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 38 (7) ◽

pp. 387-402 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

L. Garza‐Cuartero ◽

J. O'Sullivan ◽

A. Blanco ◽

J. McNair ◽

M. Welsh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Response ◽

Mycobacterium Bovis ◽

Fasciola Hepatica ◽

Hepatica Infection

Download Full-text

Asymptomatic Fasciola hepatica Infection Presenting with Hypereosinophilia

Archives of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.4172/1989-8436.100073 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 09 (01) ◽

Author(s):

Carrera de Medicina ◽

Mabel G ◽

Greta M ◽

William C ◽

Maritza C ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fasciola Hepatica ◽

Hepatica Infection

Download Full-text

Migration of human inflammatory cells into the lung results in the remodeling of arachidonic acid into a triglyceride pool.

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.182.5.1181 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 182 (5) ◽

pp. 1181-1190 ◽

Cited By ~ 62

Author(s):

M Triggiani ◽

A Oriente ◽

M C Seeds ◽

D A Bass ◽

G Marone ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arachidonic Acid ◽

Mast Cells ◽

Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽

Respiratory Distress ◽

Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽

Distress Syndrome ◽

Inflammatory Cells ◽

Lipid Bodies ◽

Blood Neutrophils ◽

High Concentrations

Increasing evidence suggests that the metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA) may be different in inflammatory cells isolated from blood or migrating into tissues. To explore the possibility that changes in AA metabolism between blood and tissue inflammatory cells could be due in part to a different content or distribution of AA in glycerolipid classes, we studied these parameters in six human inflammatory cells isolated from blood (eosinophils, monocytes, neutrophils, and platelets) or from the lung tissue (mast cells and macrophages). Lung cells generally had a higher total cellular content of AA than that found in the blood cells. In addition, both mast cells and macrophages had a large endogenous pool of AA associated with triglycerides (TG), containing 45 and 22% of their total cellular AA, respectively. To address the hypothesis that cells migrating into the lung had a higher cellular level of AA and a larger AA pool in TG, we studied neutrophils isolated from the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome. BAL neutrophils had a fourfold increase in cellular AA as compared with blood neutrophils and contained 25% of their AA in TG versus 3% in blood neutrophils. BAL neutrophils also had a higher number of cytoplasmic lipid bodies (8 +/- 3/cell) relative to blood neutrophils (2 +/- 1/cell). High concentrations of free AA were also found in the cell-free BAL fluid of adult respiratory distress syndrome patients. To explore whether changes in BAL neutrophils may be due to the exposure of the cells to high concentrations of exogenous AA found in BAL, we incubated blood neutrophils in culture with AA (10-100 microM) for 24 h. Neutrophils supplemented with AA had a 10-fold increase in the amount of AA associated with TG and a sixfold increase in the number of lipid bodies. In addition, supplementation with AA induced a dose-dependent formation of hypodense cells. Taken together, these data indicate that human inflammatory cells undergo a fundamental and consistent remodeling of AA pools as they mature or enter the lung from the blood. These biochemical and morphological changes can be mimicked in vitro by exposing the cells to high levels of AA. This mechanism may be responsible for the changes in AA mobilization and eicosanoid metabolism observed in tissue inflammatory cells.

Download Full-text