Mycotic Infections of the Alimentary Tract of Nonhuman Primates: A Review

1982 ◽  
Vol 19 (7_suppl) ◽  
pp. 93-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Migaki ◽  
R. E. Schmidt ◽  
J. D. Toft ◽  
A. F. Kaufmann
Keyword(s):  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
New World Monkeys ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Gross Lesions ◽  
Methenamine Silver ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Mycotic Infections

Lesions of candidiasis, mucormycosis (phycomycosis), entomophthoramycosis, geotrichosis, cryptococcosis, paracoccidioidomycosis and coccidioidomycosis have been reported in the alimentary tract of nonhuman primates. Candidiasis and mucormycosis were reported most often. Both Old and New World monkeys and great apes are susceptible; infection is rare in prosimians. Ulcers and necrosis of the mucosa of the alimentary tract are the principal gross lesions. A granulomatous inflammatory process occurs in which the fungi are visible histologically on hematoxylin and eosin (HE)-stained sections, but they are seen and characterized better when stained with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) or Gomori methenamine silver (GMS) techniques. Cultural or immunofluorescence studies, or both, are necessary for specific identification of the fungi. Immunosuppression is suggested as a predisposing factor in certain mycotic diseases.

scholarly journals Subcutaneous Phaeohyphomycosis of Foot in an Immunocompetent Host

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
pp. 122-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devesh Mishra ◽  
Maneesh Singal ◽  
Mahaveer Singh Rodha ◽  
Arulselvi Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Foot Ulcer ◽  
Immunocompetent Host ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Yeast Form ◽  
Methenamine Silver ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Mycotic Disease ◽  
Subcutaneous Phaeohyphomycosis

ABSTRACTWe report a case of subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis of foot, which is a mycotic disease that produces brown pigmented hyphae, pseudohyphae and yeast form in combination. The patient was immunocompetent and had injury 23 years before, and developed a non healing foot ulcer which was clinically suspected as tuberculous or carcinomatous etiology. Local wide excision was done and sent in formalin for histopathological examination. Microscopically pigmented septate, hyphae and yeast forms were identified on hematoxylin and eosin stained sections which were confirmed by special stains such as periodic acid-Schiff and Gomori’s methenamine silver stains.

scholarly journals Efficiency of neutral honey as a tissue fixative in histopathology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasar Alwahaibi ◽  
Buthaina Al Dhahli ◽  
Halima Al Issaei ◽  
Loai Al Wahaibi ◽  
Shadia Al Sinawi
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Routine Laboratory ◽  
Silver Stain ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Human Carcinogen ◽  
Reticulin Fibers ◽  
Weak Staining ◽  
Methenamine Silver ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Methenamine Silver Stain

AbstractIn the routine laboratory, 10% neutral buffered formalin (NBF) is the fixative of choice. However, formalin is a human carcinogen. To the best of our knowledge, neutral honey, not natural or artificial honey, has not been tested to fix histological tissues. This study aimed to examine the efficiency of neutral buffered honey and other types of honey fixatives to fix histological tissues. The most two natural common Omani honey were used as fixatives, namely Sumar and date. We tested samples of rat liver, kidney, and stomach. Nine types of fixatives were used. All tissues were treated equally. The evaluation was performed blindly by three senior biomedical scientists who work in a histopathology laboratory. Hematoxylin and eosin showed adequate staining in all groups when compared to 10% NBF. The intensity and specificity of Jones Methenamine silver stain in 10% Sumer and Date honey and 10% alcoholic Sumer honey showed similar findings of 10% NBF. The specificity and intensity of all groups for Periodic acid–Schiff were comparable with 10% neutral buffered formalin accepts for 10% Sumer honey and 10% Alcoholic Date honey. However, all honey groups showed weak staining for the reticulin fibers using Gordon and Sweets method. Vimentin showed comparable findings with 10% NBF as there were no significant differences. The findings of this study are promising. Further in depth research on honey as a possible safe substitute fixative for formalin should be conducted.

scholarly journals Candida Chorioamnionitis in Mothers with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Report of Two Cases

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7450
Author(s):  
Elia Shazniza Shaaya ◽  
Siti Atiqah Abdul Halim ◽  
Ka Wen Leong ◽  
Kevin Boon Ping Ku ◽  
Pei Shan Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Neonatal Death ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
History Of ◽  
Methenamine Silver

Background:Candida chorioamnionitis is rarely encountered, even though vulvovaginal candidiasis incidence is about 15%. Interestingly, it has characteristic gross and histological findings on the umbilical cord that are not to be missed. Case Report: We report two cases of Candida chorioamnionitis with presence of multiple yellowish and red spots of the surface of the umbilical cord. Microscopically, these consist of microabscesses with evidence of fungal yeasts and pseudohyphae. The yeasts and pseudohyphae were highlighted by periodic acid– Schiff and Grocott methenamine silver histochemical stains. Both cases were associated with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus. Discussion: Peripheral funisitis is a characteristic feature of Candida chorioamnionitis. It is associated with high risk of adverse perinatal and neonatal outcomes, such as preterm delivery, stillbirth and neonatal death. We recommend careful examination of the umbilical cord of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Deep learning-based transformation of H&E stained tissues into special stains

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin de Haan ◽  
Yijie Zhang ◽  
Jonathan E. Zuckerman ◽  
Tairan Liu ◽  
Anthony E. Sisk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Needle Core Biopsy ◽  
Silver Stain ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Biopsy Tissue ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin

AbstractPathology is practiced by visual inspection of histochemically stained tissue slides. While the hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain is most commonly used, special stains can provide additional contrast to different tissue components. Here, we demonstrate the utility of supervised learning-based computational stain transformation from H&E to special stains (Masson’s Trichrome, periodic acid-Schiff and Jones silver stain) using kidney needle core biopsy tissue sections. Based on the evaluation by three renal pathologists, followed by adjudication by a fourth pathologist, we show that the generation of virtual special stains from existing H&E images improves the diagnosis of several non-neoplastic kidney diseases, sampled from 58 unique subjects (P = 0.0095). A second study found that the quality of the computationally generated special stains was statistically equivalent to those which were histochemically stained. This stain-to-stain transformation framework can improve preliminary diagnoses when additional special stains are needed, also providing significant savings in time and cost.

scholarly journals Alterações neoplásicas e não neoplásicas das mãos e dos pés de cães (2003-2016)

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 1394-1404
Author(s):  
Lorena F. Silva ◽  
Guilherme R. Blume ◽  
Rômulo S.A. Eloi ◽  
Jaqueline A. Lemos ◽  
Anahí S. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Labrador Retriever ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Leishmania Spp ◽  
Methenamine Silver

RESUMO: Mãos e pés de cães são comumente afetados por lesões neoplásicas e não neoplásicas. Estas alterações podem apresentar prognóstico histopatológico ou clínico ruim e a amputação tende a ser o tratamento de escolha. Estudos prévios avaliando a prevalência e os aspectos clínicopatológicos de alterações digitais em cães têm sido realizados em outros países, entretanto trabalhos similares não foram realizados no Brasil. O objetivo do presente estudo foi descrever e caracterizar histologicamente as lesões das mãos e pés de cães. Amostras de 105 lesões tumoriformes das mãos e pés de cães foram avaliadas. Essas amostras foram coletadas entre 2003 e 2016 e foram obtidas de três laboratórios brasileiros de diagnóstico veterinário. Todos espécimes foram fixados em formol tamponado 10%, processados rotineiramente e corados por hematoxilina-eosina. Adicionalmente, as colorações de azul de toluidina, Brown e Breen, periodic acid Schiff (PAS), Grocott Methenamine Silver (GMS) e Ziehl Neelsen foram utilizados em casos específicos. Imuno-histoquímica foi realizada usando os anticorpos anti-Leishmania spp., anti-CD117, anti-CD79, anti-CD3, anti-Melan A, anti-lisozima, anti-Pancytokeratin AE1/AE3 e anti-vimentina. Os neoplasmas (62,9%) foram as alterações mais frequentes, seguidas por inflamações (19%) e outras alterações (18,1%). Entre os neoplasmas, 40,9% foram mesenquimais, 39,4% epiteliais e 19,7% de células redondas. Todos os neoplasmas de células redondas e a maioria dos epiteliais e mesenquimais eram malignos. Não se observou predileção de prevalência dos neoplasmas em relação ao sexo. As raças Labrador Retriever, Schnauzer, Teckel, SRD, Pastor Alemão, Rottweiler e Pit Bull foram as mais afetadas. Fila Brasileiro, Pit Bull e Schnauzer tiveram alta incidência de neoplasmas mesenquimais, epiteliais e de células redondas, respectivamente. Inflamação foi mais comumente observada em cães Labrador Retriever e as outras alterações em Teckel, Labrador Retriever e SRD. A idade e o peso médio dos animais afetados foram de 8,4 anos e 28,5 kg, respectivamente. O diâmetro médio das lesões tumoriformes foi de 2,5 cm e as lesões neoplásicas apresentaram as maiores médias. As lesões ocorreram principalmente em animais de pelagem amarela. A maioria das biópsias incisionais (56,4%) e amputações (85,3%) consistiram de neoplasmas. O principal membro afetado foi o torácico direito e o dígito foi a estrutura anatômica acometida mais frequentemente. Carcinoma de células escamosas (14,2%) foi o neoplasma mais frequente, seguido do mastocitoma (7,6%), melanoma (7,6%) e sarcoma indiferenciado (7,6%). Em metade dos casos de inflamação, a lesão acometeu o folículo piloso e derme adjacente, e o infiltrado foi predominantemente piogranulomatoso ou lnfoplasmocítico. Cistos foliculares, calcinose circunscrita e acrocordoma foram as principais lesões não neoplásicas e não inflamatórias diagnosticadas.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Better Staining Method among Hematoxylin and Eosin, Giemsa and Periodic Acid Schiff-Alcian Blue for the Detection of Helicobacter pylori in Gastric Biopsies

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 53-61
Author(s):  
Abdullah Saleh Alkhamiss
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Alcian Blue ◽  
National Guard ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Giemsa Stain ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Gastric Biopsies ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Background: This study was undertaken to evaluate the preferred method (Giemsa or periodic acid Schiff-Alcian blue [PAS-AB] stains) of detecting Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in gastric mucosal biopsies in terms of sensitivity, specificity and applicability. To the best of my knowledge, this is the first report comparing Giemsa and PAS-AB staining for the detection of H. pylori in such biopsies. Methods: The formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded blocks of 49 gastric biopsies from different patients were collected from the archive of anatomical pathology at King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. From each block, three slides were prepared and analysed using the hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Giemsa and PAS-AB stains to detect the presence/absence of H. pylori, and the results were compared in terms of sensitivity, specificity and applicability. Results: The majority of the biopsies in this study showed antrum-type gastric mucosa. Only 15 biopsies showed active gastritis, whereas the rest showed chronic gastritis. Three biopsies showed intestinal metaplasia. All were detected by PAS-AB stain, but only two-thirds were detected by H&E stain. Fifteen gastric biopsies showed H. pylori infection in general and in 13 of them, active gastritis cases were discovered. Fourteen out of these 15 H. pylori infection cases were detected by Giemsa stain, whereas only 13 cases were detected by H&E stain. PAS-AB stain showed the worst results since it demonstrated only 40% sensitivity and 67.65% specificity in H. pylori detection. Conclusion: Giemsa stain has better sensitivity and specificity in gastric H. pylori infection detection than PAS-AB. Therefore, using PAS-AB stain to detect H. pylori infection is not recommended.

Effects of parathyroid extract. II: changes preceding renal calcification

1962 ◽  
Vol 203 (4) ◽  
pp. 676-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reagan H. Bradford ◽  
R. Palmer Howard ◽  
Walter Joel ◽  
Jerry Puls ◽  
M. R. Shetlar
Keyword(s):  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Alcian Blue Staining ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Parathyroid Extract ◽  
Staining Techniques ◽  
Consistent Increase ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin

Parathyroid extract, a total of 860 units, has been administered to rats in small, progressively increasing doses over a period of 12 days. The effects on serum protein, total glycoprotein, glycoprotein/protein ratio, calcium, individual protein and glycoprotein fractions, and renal calcification have been presented. Kidney sections from each rat were studied by histochemical techniques for calcification, neutral polysaccharide, and acid mucopolysaccharide. The serum total glycoprotein, glycoprotein/protein ratio, and calcium were found to be elevated. The serum albumin was decreased, whereas the globulin fractions were essentially unchanged. The globulin glycoprotein hexose, mostly α1-globulin, was increased; albumin glycoprotein hexose showed a somewhat less consistent increase. A "precalcification" periodic acid-Schiff-staining intraluminal material was demonstrated in the kidney after parathyroid extract treatment for 4 days. This was followed approximately 2 days later by Alcian blue-staining material and calcification demonstrable by hematoxylin and eosin and by Kóssa staining techniques. This has been interpreted as suggesting a glycoprotein-containing lesion which precedes calcification.

scholarly journals Primary cutaneous Aspergillus fumigatus infection in immunocompetent host

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. e233020
Author(s):  
Pradeep Kumar Mada ◽  
Daniel Alexander Saldaña Koppel ◽  
Majd Al Shaarani ◽  
Andrew Stevenson Joel Chandranesan
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Penetrating Trauma ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Immunocompetent Host ◽  
Skin Injury ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Incision And Drainage ◽  
Systemic Spread ◽  
Methenamine Silver

Primary cutaneous aspergillosis (PCA) occurs through inoculation of fungal spores directly into the skin from the environment through disrupted skin such as in burns, surgery or penetrating trauma patients. Most cases reported in literature were in the immunocompromised, rarely in immunocompetent patients. The characteristic lesion of cutaneous aspergillosis is a black eschar on a red plaque, or nodule at the site of skin injury. The diagnosis of PCA can be made by identifying hyphal forms on routine H&E staining or special stains such as periodic acid-Schiff or Gomori methenamine-silver stains on skin biopsy and by fungal cultures. We report a case of an 80-year-old farmer who developed cutaneous aspergillosis after a surgical procedure without any systemic spread. The diagnosis was made by histopathology and tissue fungal cultures. He was treated with incision and drainage followed by oral voriconazole for 4 weeks; which led to clinical recovery.

Deep Learning-Based Spermatogenic Staging Assessment for Hematoxylin and Eosin-Stained Sections of Rat Testes

2020 ◽  
pp. 019262332096967
Author(s):  
Dianne M. Creasy ◽  
Satish T. Panchal ◽  
Rohit Garg ◽  
Pranab Samanta
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Digital Images ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Specialized Training ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Histopathological Evaluation ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Sensitive Method

In preclinical toxicology studies, a “stage-aware” histopathological evaluation of testes is recognized as the most sensitive method to detect effects on spermatogenesis. A stage-aware evaluation requires the pathologist to be able to identify the different stages of the spermatogenic cycle. Classically, this evaluation has been performed using periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-stained sections to visualize the morphology of the developing spermatid acrosome, but due to the complexity of the rat spermatogenic cycle and the subtlety of the criteria used to distinguish between the 14 stages of the cycle, staging of tubules is not only time consuming but also requires specialized training and practice to become competent. Using different criteria, based largely on the shape and movement of the elongating spermatids within the tubule and pooling some of the stages, it is possible to stage tubules using routine hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained sections, thereby negating the need for a special PAS stain. These criteria have been used to develop an automated method to identify the stages of the rat spermatogenic cycle in digital images of H&E-stained Wistar rat testes. The algorithm identifies the spermatogenic stage of each tubule, thereby allowing the pathologist to quickly evaluate the testis in a stage-aware manner and rapidly calculate the stage frequencies.

scholarly journals Pathological Findings in the Pituitary Glands of Dogs and Cats

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 880-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Polledo ◽  
Guy C. M. Grinwis ◽  
Peter Graham ◽  
Mark Dunning ◽  
Kerstin Baiker
Keyword(s):  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Nodular Hyperplasia ◽  
Cystic Changes ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin

With the exception of classic functional adenomas in dogs and horses, pituitary lesions are infrequently described in the veterinary literature. Approximately 10% of pituitary glands from asymptomatic humans contain abnormalities, but the equivalent proportion in small animals is unknown. Pituitary glands from 136 dogs and 65 cats collected during routine necropsies were examined to determine the prevalence of pituitary lesions and their histopathological diagnosis. Lesions were characterized in sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), Gordon and Sweet’s and reticulin stains, and immunohistochemistry for adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), growth hormone, melanocyte stimulating hormone–α, and prolactin. Pituitary abnormalities were identified in 36 of 136 (26.4%) dogs and 10 of 65 (15.3%) cats. Cystic changes were the most common lesion, occurring in 18 (13.2%) dogs and 8 (12.3%) cats. Pituitary neoplasia was detected in 14.1% (12/85) of middle-aged and old dogs; 1 (1.5%) cat had pituitary nodular hyperplasia. PAS and reticulin stains helped differentiate ACTH-immunoreactive adenomas from hyperplastic nodules: adenomas contained PAS-positive intracytoplasmic granules and loss of the normal reticulin network. One dog had a pituitary carcinoma with infiltration into the thalamus. Other pituitary abnormalities included secondary metastases (2 dogs) and hypophysitis (4 dogs, 1 cat). In most cases, the lesion appeared to be subclinical and could be considered incidental, whereas clinical manifestations were apparent in only 4 dogs (2.9%) and none of the cats with pituitary lesions. Pituitary abnormalities are common in dogs and cats, and their clinical relevance requires further investigation.

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