scholarly journals Gut-associated Lymphoid Tissue in the Large Intestine of Calves. II. Electron Microscopy

1988 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 509-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Liebler ◽  
J. F. Pohlenz ◽  
N. F. Cheville
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
M Cells ◽  
Muscularis Mucosae ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Luminal Side ◽  
Follicle Associated Epithelium

Scanning electron microscopy of lymphoid tissue in the large intestine of three germfree calves (age 3, 6, and 7 days) revealed two different units: propria nodules and lymphoglandular complexes (LGC). Propria nodules had lymphoid tissue predominantly in lamina propria and were covered by distinct follicle-associated epithelium which lacked goblet cells; nodules were surrounded by wide crypts, which were also lined by follicle-associated epithelium towards the luminal side. Lymphoglandular complexes had lymphoid follicles in the tunica submucosa; epithelial diverticulae extended through the muscularis mucosae branching into the lymphoid nodule. In centers of lymphoglandular complexes, protrusions of lymphoid tissue were covered with distinct follicle-associated epithelium. By transmission electron microscopy cells compatible with M cells in the small intestine of calves and cells with characteristics of both enteroabsorptive and M cells were found. Follicle-associated epithelium of propria nodules and lymphoglandular complexes differed only in the relative frequency of cell types.

Histomorphology and scanning electron microscopy of the pharyngeal tonsil in goats

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. R. Indu ◽  
K. M. Lucy ◽  
N. Ashok ◽  
S. Maya ◽  
V. L. Gleeja
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Surface Epithelium ◽  
Blood Capillaries ◽  
Follicle Associated Epithelium ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Pharyngeal Tonsil

Gross and histological studies were conducted on the pharyngeal tonsil of six male crossbred goats of six months of age. In the nasopharynx, pharyngeal tonsil was located on the caudal part of the pharyngeal septum and was 5.54±1.41cm long and 2.19±0.92cm wide. It presented numerous longitudinally arranged primary and secondary folds. Histologically the tonsil was lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium comprising of 8-14 rows of nuclei of three types of cells, viz. basal, supporting and goblet cells. This epithelium was transformed at places into follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) and was characterized by decreased height of the epithelial cells, absence of cilia and goblet cells and heavy infiltration of lymphocytes through the interrupted basement membrane. The height of surface epithelium was 87.33± 1.20μm and that of follicle-associated epithelium was 52.33± 5.21μm. Propria-submucosa comprised of a central axis of loosely arranged connective tissue with dense aggregates of lymphoid tissue, fine blood capillaries and few nerve fibres folded around it. The cryptolymphatic units and tonsillar nodules of varying shape and dimensions constituted the majority of the lymphoid tissue. The average diameter of lymphoid nodules was 921.67±8.72μm and the lymphocyte count per nodule was 32233.23±324.24. The average number of lymphatic nodules counted per field under low power magnification of microscope was 2.5±0.43 and the internodular distance was 29.83±1.40μm. In scanning electron microscopy surface of the pharyngeal tonsil was covered by two types of epithelium viz., the ciliated respiratory surface epithelium and the FAE consisting predominantly of three types of non-ciliated microvillus cells.

Regenerated Middle Ear Mucosa after Tympanoplasty. Part I. Transmission Electron Microscopy

1986 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Gamoletti ◽  
Paola Poggi ◽  
Mario Sanna ◽  
Carlo Zini
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Canal Wall ◽  
Ciliated Cells ◽  
Middle Ear Mucosa ◽  
Morphologic Characteristics ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Ultrastructural Appearance

The ultrastructural appearance of the regenerated middle ear mucosa—found at the second operation of staged intact canal wall tympanoplasty (ICWT) with mastoidectomy—has been evaluated with the transmission electron microscope. The regenerated epithelium showed all the morphologic characteristics of the normal middle ear mucosa: ciliated cells, noncillated cells, and secretory cells. All of these (Including goblet cells) have been found in the specimens. It is concluded that a normal middle ear mucosa regenerates to cover all denuded bone surfaces after the first operation of staged ICWT with mastoidectomy, when silicone rubber sheeting has been used to prevent adhesions and maintain an air-containing middle ear space.

scholarly journals Uptake of Ferritin by Follicle-associated Epithelium in the Colon of Calves

1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Paar ◽  
E. M. Liebler ◽  
J. F. Pohlenz
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
M Cells ◽  
Multivesicular Bodies ◽  
Ascending Colon ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Antigen Uptake ◽  
Follicle Associated Epithelium ◽  
Apical Vesicles ◽  
Lymphoid Nodules

Uptake of macromolecules (e.g., ferritin) by M cells in follicle-associated epithelium in small and large intestine was investigated in three healthy, conventionally raised, 2- to 3-week-old, female Holstein Frisian calves. A 2.5% solution of ferritin was injected into the ligated loops in mid-jejunum, in terminal ileum, in the ascending colon adjacent to the ileocecal junction, and in the proximal loop of the ascending colon containing gut-associated lymphoid tissue. After exposure times that ranged from 82 to 165 minutes, ferritin was detected in M cells of domes in the small intestine, as well as in cells in follicle-associated epithelium of proprial lymphoid nodules and lymphoglandular complexes of colon that morphologically resembled M cells of small intestine. Ferritin was found in apical invaginations, apical vesicles, multivesicular bodies, basal vesicles, and adjacent intercellular spaces. In addition to ferritin, apical vesicles, multivesicular bodies, and intercellular spaces contained 50-nm membrane-bound particles. More ferritin was endocytosed by M cells of the small intestine than by M cells of the large intestine. In the large intestine, higher amounts of ferritin were found in M cells of follicle-associated epithelium overlying proprial lymphoid nodules than in M cells of follicle-associated epithelium in the depth of lymphoglandular complexes. Based on these results, we concluded that M cells of follicle-associated epithelium in the colon of calves provide a route for antigen uptake into the intestinal lymphoid system.

TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF FUNGAL NEMATODE-TRAPPING DEVICES

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 785-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. TZEAN ◽  
R. H. ESTEY
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cytoplasmic Organelles ◽  
Dense Bodies ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Luminal Side ◽  
Septal Pores ◽  
Trapping Devices

The nematode-trapping devices of Arthrobotrys dactyloides (constricting rings), Monacrosporium cionopagum (adhesive columnar processes and scalariform loops) and a Dactylella sp. (sticky knobs) were investigated by electron microscopy. The cells of the constricting rings prior to inflation contained normal cytoplasmic organelles and some unusual, oblong, electron-dense inclusions in the luminal side of the protoplast, and lomasomes associated with papillate cylindrical bodies in the peripheral side. Their luminal walls differed from their peripheral walls in structure and thickness. After inflation, the ring cells had thinner luminal walls, the electron-dense inclusions were absent, there were fewer lomasomes, the cells had larger vacuoles, some of which contained electron-dense fine granules, and Woronin bodies were plugging the septal pores. It is postulated that the cells of constricting rings are inflated by means of rapidly generated gases rather than by an inflow of fluids. The sticky knob, adhesive columnar process, and scalariform loop trapping devices exhibited numerous globose electron-dense bodies, especially in their peripheral protoplasts.

Surface topography of normal and neoplastic human anterior pituitary cells maintained in vitro

1978 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Harris ◽  
Edward L. Seljeskog ◽  
Kenneth J. Murray ◽  
Shelley N. Chou ◽  
William P. Cunningham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Surface Topography ◽  
Metastatic Cancer ◽  
Pituitary Tumors ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Pituitary Cells ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Human Anterior Pituitary

✓ Pituitary tissues were obtained from 25 patients who underwent surgery for excision of pituitary macroadenomas, selective excision of microadenomas, or removal of a normal gland for palliation of metastatic cancer. Cells thus obtained were maintained in vitro for varying intervals, fixed, and examined by light (phase contrast), microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Previous SEM reports indicate that surface topography of in vitro neoplastic cells displays features that may correlate with neoplastic behavior. Cultured normal and pituitary tumor cells did not display these surface differences, with one exception, a prolactin-secreting microadenoma. Characteristic patterns for the cell populations were identified. Certain cell types appeared in all the cultures: 1) large and small granule-containing cells; 2) flat and irregular agranular cells; 3) spindle-shaped cells; and 4) spherical, irregularly surfaced cells. In one case of an endocrine-inactive juvenile pituitary chromophobe adenoma, unique cells were observed. Surface topography did not appear to be of predictive value in determining the neoplastic character of pituitary tumors.

Simplified procedures for releasing and concentrating microorganisms from soil for transmission electron microscopy viewing as thin-sectioned and frozen-etched preparations

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Balkwill ◽  
D. P. Labeda ◽  
L. E. Casida Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Soil Slurry ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Choice Of Procedure ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Cell Release ◽  
Simplified Procedures ◽  
Simplified Procedure

A simplified procedure is presented for releasing and concentrating indigenous microbial cells from soil for viewing by transmission electron microscopy as thin sections or replicas of frozen-etched preparations. This procedure is compared with two others reported earlier, and their relative merits are discussed as concerns the choice of procedure for the cellular information desired from the soil. Freeze-etching showed that the cell types and size distributions for cells which have been released and concentrated from soil are in general agreement with those for cells in a crude soil slurry in which no attempt to release and concentrate cells was made. Microcolonies were present both in the crude slurry and in the discard soil debris centrifugation pellets from the cell release and concentration procedures. In contrast to the historic assumptions, these microcolonies, as well as some individual cells embedded in soil debris could not be broken up and (or) dislodged so that they would be washed from the soil. The relative numbers of these cells remaining with the soil debris, however, could not be quantitated in the present study.

scholarly journals The exit of Trypanosoma cruzi from the phagosome is inhibited by raising the pH of acidic compartments.

1990 ◽  
Vol 171 (2) ◽  
pp. 401-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Ley ◽  
E S Robbins ◽  
V Nussenzweig ◽  
N W Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Immunocytochemical Localization ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Acidic Compartments ◽  
Vacuolar Ph

The protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi can infect many distinct mammalian cell types. The parasites enter cells through the formation of phagocytic vacuoles, but later are found free in the cytosol, where they multiply as amastigotes. Using transmission electron microscopy we found that within 2 h after infection 70% of the parasites, including examples of both mammalian forms (trypomastigotes and amastigotes), were inside partially disrupted vacuoles or free in the cytosol. We demonstrated that the pH of vacuoles containing recently interiorized parasites is acidic, through immunocytochemical localization of the acidotropic compound DAMP (18) in their interior. Increasing the vacuolar pH with chloroquine, ammonium chloride, methylamine, or monensin significantly inhibited the escape of the parasites into the cytosol. These results are compatible with the hypothesis that an acid-active hemolysin of T. cruzi (15) might be involved in the escape mechanism.

Characterization of mammary cells from the lactating rat by electron microscopy

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 560-561
Author(s):  
P. Sadhukhan ◽  
J. Chakraborty ◽  
M. S. Soloff ◽  
M. H. Wieder ◽  
D. Senitzer
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Myoepithelial Cells ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Isolated Cells ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Cell Processes ◽  
Phosphatase Cytochemistry

The means to identify cells isolated from the mammary gland of the lactating rat as a prerequisite for cell purification have been developed.The cells were isolated from mammary tissue with 0. 1% collagenase, and they were visualized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy and by alkaline phosphatase cytochemistry.The milk-secreting cells have surface microvilli, whereas the surface of the myoepithelial cells is smooth (Fig. 1). The two isolated epithelial cell types are readily distinguishable by transmission electron microscopy (Fig. 2). The secretory cells contain vacuoles and a relatively extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum, whereas the myoepithelial cells contain a more osmiophilic cytoplasm, contractile filaments (Fig. 3) and elongate processes. These features are consistent with the appearance of the two cell types in situ.Incubation of isolated cells with oxytocin prior to glutaraldehyde fixation resulted in the contraction of the myoepithelial cell processes (Figs. 4 & 5). This physiological response to oxytocin shows that the isolated myoepithelial cells were intact. The appearance of isolated secretory cells was unchanged by the presence of oxytocin.

High-resolution SEM of kidney tissue using cryo-techniques

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 8-9
Author(s):  
P Walther ◽  
P Herter ◽  
J Hentschel ◽  
H Hentschel
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Electron Gun ◽  
Precise Localization ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Different Cell Types ◽  
Scanning Electron

The kidney is a complex zonated organ with a variety of different cell types. For the study of the functional and morphological features, the precise localization in the zones is relevant, which requires the evaluation of rather large portions of tissue. Transmission electron microscopy of replicas of tissue is limited by difficulties to obtain sufficiently large specimens. In order to overcome this problem cryopreparation methods and high resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used.1 mm3 cubes of perfusion fixed rabbit kidneys cryoprotected with glycerol were frozen by plunging into liquid propane. For further preparation two different methods were employed.1: Samples were fractured in liquid nitrogen with a scalpel, freeze substituted using methanol with glutaraldehyde and osmiumtetroxid, warmed to room temperature, critical point dried, and coated by electron gun evaporation with 2 nm of platinum at an angle of 45°, and 10 nm of carbon perpendicularly.

scholarly journals Analysis by Light, Scanning, and Transmission Microscopy of the Intima Synovial of the Temporomandibular Joint of Human Fetuses during the Development

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Carlos Sabu Alvez ◽  
Luis Otavio Carvalho de Moraes ◽  
Sergio R. Marques ◽  
Roberto C. Tedesco ◽  
Leandro J. C. Harb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Human Fetuses ◽  
Transmission Microscopy ◽  
Joint Cavity ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Intima Layer

Objective. To characterize morphologically and ultrastructurally using light microscopy, the scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy the intima synovial of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) of human fetuses between the 10th and the 38th week of development. Materials and Methods. The TMJ was dissected bilaterally in 37 human fetuses belonging to the Institute of Embryology of the University Complutense of Madrid and of the Federal University of São Paulo. Results. The outcome by light microscopy showed the morphology of the TMJ and that the formation of inferior joint cavity precedes the superior joint cavity and the presence of blood vessels in the synovial. Conclusion. By scanning and transmission electron microscopy we observed the presence of two well-defined cell types in the intima layer of synovial of the TMJ of human fetuses, macrophage-like type A cell and fibroblast-like type B cell, and the presence of the a third cell type, defined by the name of intermediate lining cell in the intima layer of the synovial.

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