scholarly journals Children’s Perception of Animacy: Social Attributions to Moving Figures

Perception ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 387-398
Author(s):  
Ruth Hofrichter ◽  
Megan E. Mueller ◽  
M. D. Rutherford
Keyword(s):  
Geometrical Shapes ◽  
Social Attributions ◽  
Abstract Shapes ◽  
Condition Interaction

Adults describe abstract shapes moving in a goal-directed manner using animate terms. This study tested which variables affect school-aged children’s descriptions of moving geometrical shapes. Children aged 5 to 9 years were shown displays of interacting geometrical shapes and were asked to describe them. Across participants, instructions, number of moving figures, whether a figure caught another, and complexity of the scene were manipulated. Nine-year-olds used significantly more animate phrases than 5-year-olds. Furthermore, we found an Age by Condition interaction. Five-year-olds made significantly more animate statements in the animate condition, while 7-year-olds and 9-year-olds were less affected by instructions. Scene complexity increased children’s use of animate phrases. Number of agents present on the screen and whether a catch occurred did not impact children’s animate attributions. Our results support the hypothesis that children, like adults, are attuned to animacy cues and describe chasing agents in animate terms.

Social attributions and conversation style in trial testimony.

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 1558-1567 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Allan Lind ◽  
Bonnie E. Erickson ◽  
John Conley ◽  
William M. O'Barr
Keyword(s):  
Social Attributions

Relationship Between Hostile Social Attributions and Parental Involvement

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elyse Myers ◽  
Catherine Funes ◽  
Diana Flores ◽  
Sofia Safirsztein ◽  
Laura Alfonso
Keyword(s):  
Parental Involvement ◽  
Social Attributions

Control of humping phenomenon and analyzing mechanical properties of Al–Si wire-arc additive manufacturing fabricated samples using cold metal transfer process

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440622199840
Author(s):  
Yashwant Koli ◽  
N Yuvaraj ◽  
Aravindan Sivanandam ◽  
Vipin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Heat Input ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Deposition Rate ◽  
Bead Geometry ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Cold Metal Transfer ◽  
Geometrical Shapes ◽  
Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

Nowadays, rapid prototyping is an emerging trend that is followed by industries and auto sector on a large scale which produces intricate geometrical shapes for industrial applications. The wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) technique produces large scale industrial products which having intricate geometrical shapes, which is fabricated by layer by layer metal deposition. In this paper, the CMT technique is used to fabricate single-walled WAAM samples. CMT has a high deposition rate, lower thermal heat input and high cladding efficiency characteristics. Humping is a common defect encountered in the WAAM method which not only deteriorates the bead geometry/weld aesthetics but also limits the positional capability in the process. Humping defect also plays a vital role in the reduction of hardness and tensile strength of the fabricated WAAM sample. The humping defect can be controlled by using low heat input parameters which ultimately improves the mechanical properties of WAAM samples. Two types of path planning directions namely uni-directional and bi-directional are adopted in this paper. Results show that the optimum WAAM sample can be achieved by adopting a bi-directional strategy and operating with lower heat input process parameters. This avoids both material wastage and humping defect of the fabricated samples.

Cyclopean Vision, Size Estimation, and Presence in Orthostereoscopic Images

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 312-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Harper ◽  
Richard Latto
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Psychophysical Experiment ◽  
Size Estimation ◽  
Human Form ◽  
Image Capture ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Abstract Shapes ◽  
And Control

Stereo scene capture and generation is an important facet of presence research in that stereoscopic images have been linked to naturalness as a component of reported presence. Three-dimensional images can be captured and presented in many ways, but it is rare that the most simple and “natural” method is used: full orthostereoscopic image capture and projection. This technique mimics as closely as possible the geometry of the human visual system and uses convergent axis stereography with the cameras separated by the human interocular distance. It simulates human viewing angles, magnification, and convergences so that the point of zero disparity in the captured scene is reproduced without disparity in the display. In a series of experiments, we have used this technique to investigate body image distortion in photographic images. Three psychophysical experiments compared size, weight, or shape estimations (perceived waist-hip ratio) in 2-D and 3-D images for the human form and real or virtual abstract shapes. In all cases, there was a relative slimming effect of binocular disparity. A well-known photographic distortion is the perspective flattening effect of telephoto lenses. A fourth psychophysical experiment using photographic portraits taken at different distances found a fattening effect with telephoto lenses and a slimming effect with wide-angle lenses. We conclude that, where possible, photographic inputs to the visual system should allow it to generate the cyclopean point of view by which we normally see the world. This is best achieved by viewing images made with full orthostereoscopic capture and display geometry. The technique can result in more-accurate estimations of object shape or size and control of ocular suppression. These are assets that have particular utility in the generation of realistic virtual environments.

Activation of the Human Superior Temporal Gyrus during Observation of Goal Attribution by Intentional Objects

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1695-1705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Schultz ◽  
Hiroshi Imamizu ◽  
Mitsuo Kawato ◽  
Chris D. Frith
Keyword(s):  
Functional Imaging ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Target Object ◽  
Directed Motion ◽  
Intentional Objects ◽  
Geometrical Shapes ◽  
Goal Attribution ◽  
Complex Goal

Previous functional imaging experiments in humans showed activation increases in the posterior superior temporal gyrus and sulcus during observation of geometrical shapes whose movements appear intentional or goal-directed. We modeled a chase scenario between two objects, in which the chasing object used different strategies to reach the target object: The chaser either followed the target's path or appeared to predict its end position. Activation in the superior temporal gyrus of human observers was greater when the chaser adopted a predict rather than a follow strategy. Attending to the chaser's strategy induced slightly greater activation in the left superior temporal gyrus than attending to the outcome of the chase. These data implicate the superior temporal gyrus in the identification of objects displaying complex goal-directed motion.

The Stress Concentration Factors in Cylindrical Tubes with Transverse Circular Holes

1959 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 326-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. Jessop ◽  
C. Snell ◽  
I. M. Allison
Keyword(s):  
Stress Concentration ◽  
Maximum Stress ◽  
Stress System ◽  
Complete Knowledge ◽  
Geometrical Shapes ◽  
Cylindrical Tubes ◽  
Circular Holes ◽  
Concentration Factors ◽  
Stress Concentration Factors ◽  
Better Than

The “frozen stress” techniques of photoelasticity can give a complete knowledge of the stress, system in a solid body, but the examination of the stresses requires more time and care than in corresponding flat plate tests. In tests on tubes with transverse circular holes, sponsored by The Royal Aeronautical Society, all practicable geometrical shapes are examined and the maximum stress is measured in tension, bending and torsion. The results are comprehensive and show the inadequacy of previous results. In all cases the maximum stress occurs inside the bore of the hole. The accuracy of all the graphs of stress concentration factors is better than five per cent.

Numerical Investigation of Flow Around Bluff Bodies

1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chou-Jiu Tsai ◽  
Ger-Jyh Chen
Keyword(s):  
Vortex Shedding ◽  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Bluff Bodies ◽  
Near Wake ◽  
Navier Stokes Equations ◽  
Physical Description ◽  
Geometrical Shapes ◽  
Flow Phenomena ◽  
Volume Method

ABSTRACTIn this study, fluid flow around bluff bodies are studied to examine the vortex shedding phenomenon in conjuction with the geometrical shapes of these vortex shedders. These flow phenomena are numerically simulated. A finite volume method is employed to solve the incompressible two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations. Thus, quantitative descriptions of the vortex shedding phenomenon in the near wake were made, which lead to a detailed description of the vortex shedding mechanism. Streamline contours, figures of lift coefficent, and figures of drag coefficent in various time, are presented, respectively, for a physical description.

scholarly journals Preparation and characterization of different geometrical shapes of multi-bore hollow fiber membranes and application in vacuum membrane distillation

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elham M. El-Zanati ◽  
Eman Farg ◽  
Esraa Taha ◽  
Ayman El-Guindi ◽  
Heba Abdallah
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Hollow Fiber ◽  
Amorphous Structure ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hollow Fiber Membranes ◽  
Preparation Conditions ◽  
Geometrical Shapes ◽  
Fiber Membranes

Abstract Multi-bore hollow fiber membranes were prepared through phase inversion spinning process using new locally designed spinnerets of various geometrical shapes. The spun cylindrical-like, rectangular or ribbon-like, and triangular-like are prepared, dried, and characterized by scanning electronic microscope. Fibers of circular (seven, five, and four bores) shape, rectangular of five bores, and triangular of three bores were chosen to study the effect of both geometrical configuration and the number of bores on the amorphous structure and the mechanical properties of the membranes. Membrane geometry, surface amorphous, and bore arrangements are very sensitive to the operating conditions, especially the extrusion and drawing rates. Three polymeric blends of different compositions are used to prepare multi-bore hollow fiber membranes. This study revealed that the blend composition of PES 16%, PVP 2%, PEG 2%, diethylene glycol 2%, and NMP 78% gives excellent mechanical properties. Optimization of the preparation conditions also developed, where the dope flow rate, the bore flow rate, and the air gap were 1.14 cm3 s−1, 1.1 cm3 s−1, and 0 cm, respectively. Furthermore, this study proved that the circular arrangement has high mechanical strength. The prepared seven-MBHF membranes were applied in the membrane distillation process, a solution of 35 g/l NaCl was used to test the membrane performance, and the achieved flux and rejection were 28.32 L/m2 h and 98.9%, respectively. This performance demonstrated that the prepared membrane in this way is suitable to compete with conventional reverse osmosis technology that uses single track hollow fibers.

Analysis of wave scattering in pipes with non-axisymmetric and inclined angle defects using finite element modeling

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (01) ◽  
pp. 2150012
Author(s):  
Masoud Masoumi ◽  
Ryan K. Giles
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Wave Scattering ◽  
Longitudinal Mode ◽  
Elastic Wave Scattering ◽  
Array Transducer ◽  
Diameter Pipe ◽  
Geometrical Shapes ◽  
Identification Approach ◽  
Sinusoidal Pattern ◽  
Inclined Angle

In this paper, elastic wave scattering in hollow pipes with non-axisymmetric and inclined angle defects is studied using finite element (FE) simulations. A comb array transducer is employed in the FE code to excite the pipe in its first longitudinal mode using a 10-cycle sine modulated excitation signal at 120[Formula: see text]kHz central frequency. Defects with variations in geometrical shapes such as depths, axial and circumferential lengths, and inclined angles are investigated to provide detailed analysis of wave propagation patterns and mode conversions in a 12-in diameter pipe. The influence of each geometrical parameter and also possible newborn modes is studied both in time and wavenumber-frequency domain via circumferential order identification approach and dispersion curves. Results show that the depth of a non-axisymmetric circumferential defect has the minimum influence on the propagating mode while crack’s width can influence the measured longitudinal mode in a sinusoidal pattern which is a function of excitation signal’s wavelength. Further, the propagating mode can exhibit higher contribution of either axisymmetric or non-axisymmetric modes based on the reflection patterns, depending on its angle and axial length.

scholarly journals Gaming as a Farm Management Teaching Device: A Development and Analysis

1969 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
Kenneth C. Schneeberger
Keyword(s):  
Firm Growth ◽  
Capital Budgeting ◽  
Flow Time ◽  
Farm Management ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Teaching Device ◽  
Management Processes ◽  
Farm Organization ◽  
Farm Economics ◽  
Condition Interaction

I have a colleague at Missouri who says educators in farm management “have failed to deal with the comprehensive problems of farm management comprehensively.” I think he is saying that even though we have made great advances (e.g., integrated static firm theory can teach farm organization in a risk world with innovative budgeting and linear programming exercises) our mix does not yet include enough dynamics or management. My colleague contends we rarely attack such managerial problems as imperfect anticipation of future conditions, accumulative effects of decision-condition interaction over time, capital budgeting and the realities of cash flow, time sequencing of decisions, firm-household competition, and firm growth. Such criticisms indicate farm management teaching is ready for new techniques which better communicate functional management processes and the application of farm economics.

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