The Numerical Analysis of Tunnel Traversing Piles and Its Seismic Response in Deep Soft Soil

The Ou River estuary deposits deep soft silt and silt clay, the pipe-jacking tunnel departures from Qidu island, then passes underneath north levee road, viewing platform, Ou River and Ou River road, finally reaches the received well. The net distance between tunnel segment and the viewing platform piles is only 230mm. In order to analyze the negative influence of large diameter pipe-jacking tunnel traversing piles of viewing platform, the numerical model is established, and the levee road settlement value is found which matches with observed settlement very well. The dynamic analysis is also conducted by EI Centro seismic wave, and the result reveals that the max displacement occurs on the segment between the rear row piles of viewing platform, and the max displacement reaches 68.6mm in the earthquake.

Evaluating the Pressure and Loss Behavior in Water Pipes Using Smart Mathematical Modelling

Due to the constant need to enhance water supply sources, water operators are searching for solutions to maintain water quality through leakage protection. The capability to monitor the day-to-day water supply management is one of the most significant operational challenges for water companies. These companies are looking for ways to predict how to improve their supply operations in order to remain competitive, given the rising demand. This work focuses on the mathematical modeling of water flow and losses through leak openings in the smart pipe system. The research introduces smart mathematical models that water companies may use to predict water flow, losses, and performance, thereby allowing issues and challenges to be effectively managed. So far, most of the modeling work in water operations has been based on empirical data rather than mathematically described process relationships, which is addressed in this study. Moreover, partial submersion had a power relationship, but a total immersion was more likely to have a linear power relationship. It was discovered in the experiment that the laminar flows had Reynolds numbers smaller than 2000. However, when testing with transitional flows, Reynolds numbers were in the range of 2000 to 4000. Furthermore, tests with turbulent flow revealed that the Reynolds number was more than 4000. Consequently, the main loss in a 30 mm diameter pipe was 0.25 m, whereas it was 0.01 m in a 20 mm diameter pipe. However, the fitting pipe had a minor loss of 0.005 m, whereas the bending pipe had a loss of 0.015 m. Consequently, mathematical models are required to describe, forecast, and regulate the complex relationships between water flow and losses, which is a concept that water supply companies are familiar with. Therefore, these models can assist in designing and operating water processes, allowing for improved day-to-day performance management.

Numerical evaluation of expansion loops for pipe subjected to thermal displacements

The thermal expansion can lead to the high stress on the pipe. The problem can be overcome using expansion loops in a certain length depending on the material’s elastic modulus, diameter, the amount of expansion, and the pipe’s allowable stresses. Currently, there is no exact definition for the dimension of expansion loops design both for loop width (W) and loop footing height (H) sizes. In this study, expansion loops were investigated with using ratio of width and height (W/H) variations to understand pipe stress occurring on the expansion loops and the expansion loops’ safety factor. Relationship between non dimensional stress on the expansion loop pipe was studied numerically by finite element software on several working temperatures of 400oF, 500oF, 600oF, and 700oF. It can be found that stress occurring on the pipes increases as the increases of W/H of the expansion loops and results in a lower safety factor. The safety factor of the expansion loops pipe has a value of 1 when the ratio of loop width and loop footing height (W/H) value was 1.2 for a 16-inch diameter pipe. Stress occurring on the pipe increases with the increase of the working temperature. Expansion loops pipe designed for 400oF can still work well to handle thermal extension pipe occurring on 500oF.

Experimental Investigation of a Single Slope Solar Still Performance- Evaporation Process Enhancement Using Evacuated Pipes

The single slope solar still productivity strongly depends on the amount of energy absorbed by the solar still basin plate. Therefore, increasing either the basin plate’s absorption or enhancing the heat transfer with raw water will increase the pure water production rates. To improve the evaporation and the solar still thermal performance, custom-designed evacuated copper pipes with different diameters and water filling rates are experimentally investigated in this paper. Moreover, it has been noticed that pure water productivity is significantly affected as it improved by 90.09% when using a 15mm diameter pipe with a 50% filling ratio.

Impedance of Inner Saturated Soil to Horizontally Vibrating Large-Diameter Pipe Piles

An analytical solution for the inner soil impedance of saturated soil to a horizontally vibrating large-radius pipe pile was presented. Based on the porous media theory and the assumption that the vertical normal stress is zero, the closed solution of the inner soil impedance of the saturated soil to the movement of the large-diameter pipe pile is obtained. This analytical solution considers the influence of saturated soil parameters on the impedance of the core soil of large-diameter pipe piles. Through numerical examples, the variation law of the inner soil impedance with pile radius, pile length, dimensionless frequency, compression coefficient, effective permeability coefficient, and porosity was analyzed and the pile radius corresponding to effective inner soil impedance is determined.

Modeling Large Diameter Industrial Pipe Insulation Performance

As previously presented, reducing industrial noise emission utilizing jacketed pipe insulation is critical to reducing noise in industrial spaces. The ISO 15665 standard defines a testing process for measurement of the acoustical performance of installed and jacketed pipe insulation systems. To provide a cost-effective method for evaluating various types of multilayered jacketed pipe insulation a model was developed. The model accurately estimates the performance of single, and multilayered, jacketed pipe insulation. Validating the use of the model to very large pipe diameters is highly desirable as the cost to test is significantly higher than testing the medium or small diameter pipe insulation. The estimated insertion loss result from the model is compared to validation testing results for large diameter jacketed pipe insulation are reported herein.

Effectiveness of Catching Free Radicals in Cigarette Smoke with Biofilters Made from Bidara Leaf Powder

<p class="JIPIAbstrakKeywords">A number of diseases have been stigmatized as a side effect of smoking and its smoke. Reducing the dangers of smoking by capturing radioactive substances from cigarette smoke is one way to reduce or reduce the level of danger. This study aims to make a filter made from bidara leaf powder to bind free radicals in cigarette smoke. Bidara leaf powder with PEG solution was mixed and stirred until homogeneous with variations in the mass of bidara powder 0.7 grams, 0.8 grams, 0.8 grams, 0.9 grams and 1 gram. The product was molded with a 0.7 cm diameter pipe hose, allowed to dry before being removed from the mold, and heated at a temperature of 105^o C for 20 minutes. Biofilter matrix using polyethylene glycol (PEG) and egg white, bidara leaf powder as a biofilter filler. The physical characteristics of the membrane were obtained by conducting density and porosity tests with SEM. The effectiveness of the biofilter membrane is known by passing cigarette smoke, then the number of free radicals trapped in the biofilter is analyzed using ESR. The results showed that the use of a biofilter made from bidara leaf powder with a mass of 0.9 grams with an egg white matrix was able to bind 85.7% of free radicals (C, O₂^-, C, Peroxy, CO₂^-, and Hydroperoxides) with 100% effectiveness, density. 0.893 g/cm³ and porosity 0.6788%. Testing the characteristics of the biofilter with SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) shows the size of the biofilter pores between 2-3 m, while the size of free radicals in cigarette smoke ranges from 20-430 nm. This indicates that the ability to bind free radicals in cigarette smoke is influenced by the antioxidant activity of bidara leaf powder (filler biofilter).</p>