The Life Conditions of Australian Ex-Prisoners

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 897-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Graffam ◽  
Alison J. Shinkfield
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Program Participation ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Life Conditions ◽  
Physical And Psychological Health ◽  
Support Conditions

Successful reintegration of ex-prisoners into the community is multifaceted. The life conditions of 36 adult Australian ex-prisoners (20 male and 16 female) were examined via a questionnaire administered at 1 to 4 weeks post release, and a subset of 19 of the original respondents were interviewed again at 3 to 4 months post release. Interviews focused on intrapersonal conditions (physical and psychological health and substance use), subsistence conditions (housing, employment, and finance), and support conditions (social support, support services/program participation, and criminal justice support). The majority of ex-prisoners self-reported chronic physical and mental health problems as well as a history of substance use and/or current substance use. Although the housing conditions of ex-prisoners were largely favourable and constant, the employment and financial conditions of this group were generally unfavourable. Level of social support was variable. Theoretical implications and practical applications of the present investigation for reintegration theory are discussed.

scholarly journals Subjective Deterioration of Physical and Psychological Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Taiwan: Their Association with the Adoption of Protective Behaviors and Mental Health Problems

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng-Wei Wang ◽  
Nai-Ying Ko ◽  
Yu-Ping Chang ◽  
Chia-Fen Wu ◽  
Wei-Hsin Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Protective Behavior ◽  
Health States ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Physical And Psychological Health

This study aimed to determine the proportion of individuals who reported the deterioration of physical and psychological health during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Taiwan. Moreover, the related factors of deterioration of physical and psychological health and the association between deterioration of health and adoption of protective behavior against COVID-19 and mental health problems were also examined. We recruited participants via a Facebook advertisement. We determined the subjective physical and psychological health states, cognitive and affective construct of health belief, perceived social support, mental health problems, adoption of protective behavior and demographic characteristics among 1954 respondents (1305 women and 649 men; mean age: 37.9 years with standard deviation 10.8 years). In total, 13.2% and 19.3% of respondents reported deteriorated physical and psychological health during the COVID-19 pandemic, respectively. Participants with higher perceived harm from COVID-19 compared with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) were more likely to report the subjective deterioration of physical and psychological health, whereas respondents who were older and perceived a higher level of social support were less likely to report a deterioration of physical and psychological health. The subjective deterioration of psychological health was significantly associated with avoiding crowded places and wearing a mask. Both subjective deteriorations of physical and psychological health positively related to general anxiety.

Effects of Aging on Musical Performance in Professional Orchestral Musicians

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dianna T Kenny ◽  
Tim Driscoll ◽  
Bronwen J Ackermann
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Musical Instrument ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Physical And Psychological Health ◽  
Orchestral Musicians ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND: The physical and psychological demands of playing a musical instrument are likely to be affected by age-related decline in function, including physical, cognitive, psychological, and organ-related changes. However, the complex neurophysiological demands of playing a musical instrument may delay many normal aging-related changes. AIM: This study compared professional classical musicians of different ages, using a range of physical and psychological measures, to discover how increasing age might affect work performance and to identify possible risk and protective factors for physical and psychological health as the musicians age. SUBJECTS: 377 professional orchestral musicians from eight Australian orchestras (70% response rate), ages 18 to 68 yrs (mean 42.1). Multiple standardized physical and psychological tools were used to evaluate the impact of age on a range of physical and mental health variables. RESULTS: Age was not statistically associated with frequency or severity of performance-related musculoskeletal disorders, ratings of perceived exertion, QuickDASH scores, use of beta-blockers, workplace satisfaction, and most psychological tests. Differences were observed on SPIN (social anxiety) scores, with lowest scores in the oldest age group (10.66 in 55+ yrs vs 17.83 in 18-30 yrs, p=0.016). Older musicians had higher BMIs and fewer practice sessions per day than younger musicians and also were more likely to consume alcohol on 5+ days/wk (44% vs 9%, p=0.003). CONCLUSION: Advancing age does not appear to exert undue negative impacts on physical and psychological health or performance capacity of professional orchestral musicians. However, dwindling numbers in the older age groups may suggest a "survivor" effect, whereby those who develop significant age-related decrements may cease professional performance at earlier ages. Longitudinal studies on the professional trajectories of professional orchestral musicians are needed to explore this question further.

scholarly journals Dance as a Remedy of Lifestyle Medicine, a Cultural-psychophysiological Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 191-210
Author(s):  
Imre Lázár
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Personal Development ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Folk Dance ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Active Muscle ◽  
Social Skill Development ◽  
Lifestyle Medicine ◽  
Physical And Psychological Health

Dance is a traditional element of cultural-psychophysiological homeostasis. The chapter approves the role of dance in maintaining mental and bodily health. As dance is deeply cultural by its nature, it is worth extending its framework of healing from social-psychophysiological towards the cultural. The chapter explores the cultural, social, psychological, and bodily benefits and homeostatic functions of dance in an age of sedentary lifestyle. Sedentarism proved to be a silent killer responsible for increased cardiovascular, oncological morbidity and mortality; therefore, one should explore the lifestyle medical gains of dance along the whole life course. We explore the PNI-related and neurological aspects of endocrine functions of active muscle and its role in the prevention of chronic diseases and ageing. Dance also proved to be beneficial in mental health problems. We pay special attention to Hungarian folk dance revival, the so-called Táncház (Dance House) movement, and its practical potential in physical and psychological health protection, social skill development, gender socialization, and personal development.

scholarly journals Relationship of Perceived Social Support with Mental Health in Older Caregivers

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 3886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Muñoz-Bermejo ◽  
José Carmelo Adsuar ◽  
Salvador Postigo-Mota ◽  
Inés Casado-Verdejo ◽  
Claudia Mara de Melo-Tavares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health State ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Older Caregivers ◽  
Elderly Caregivers ◽  
Mental Well Being

Background: Elderly caregivers present increased physical and mental health problems. These factors can lead to a lack of autonomy and a need for social support. This study aims to analyse the relationships between perceived social support and mental health status in elderly caregivers aged 65 and older. Methods: a cross-sectional study based on data from the Spanish National Health Survey (ENSE-17) carried out on 7023 people. The study population was restricted to 431 caregivers aged ≥65 years. A study of the correlation between the mental health state and the perceived social support was carried out. Both variables were related to the sex of the caregiver. Results: Perceived social support by older caregivers is significantly related to mental health (p = 0.001), and stress (p < 0.001). Also, there is a significant relationship between perceived social support and mental well-being (p = 0.001), self-esteem (p = 0.005) and stress (p = 0.001) in older women caregivers. Conclusions: Older caregivers have adequate mental well-being and perceive high social support. Perceived social support can contribute to improving the mental well-being of older caregivers.

The Possible Role of Companion-Animal Anthropomorphism and Social Support in the Physical and Psychological Health of Dog Guardians

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolina M. Duvall Antonacopoulos ◽  
Timothy A. Pychyl
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Companion Animal ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Physical And Psychological Health ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractWhile previous research suggests that individuals who humanize their companion animals may have insufficient human social support (Epley, Waytz, & Cacioppo, 2007), researchers have not examined the relation between companion-animal anthropomorphism and the health of animal guardians while taking into consideration their human social support levels. It was hypothesized that dog guardians with low levels of human social support would have poorer health if they engaged in high rather than low levels of anthropomorphism, while the health of dog guardians with high levels of human social support would not vary depending on their anthropomorphism levels. A sample of 203 Canadian dog guardians completed an online survey. Results revealed that, among dog guardians with low levels of human social support, those who engaged in high levels of anthropomorphism were more depressed, visited the doctor more often, and took more medications. Furthermore, among dog guardians with high levels of human social support, those who engaged in high levels of anthropomorphism were more stressed and depressed. These findings highlight the complexity of the relationship between anthropomorphic behavior, human social support, and dog guardians’ health.

scholarly journals WOMEN’S RECEPTION ON SOCIAL SUPPORT IN INSTAGRAM ACCOUNT @gethappy.id

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Sari Monik Agustin ◽  
Agatha Josephine
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Female Group ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Physical Health Problems

Previous research also shows that social media has positive and negative roles related to interpersonal relationships and mental health. The social media used significantly increases social capital and mental well-being, which benefits people with low self-esteem and life satisfaction. Some psychotherapists even use an Instagram platform as their therapeutic medium. This preliminary study frameworks are Stuart Hall’s reception theory, the concept elaborations of social support and online social support, as well as a discussion of the character of social media, Instagram. This paper is based on a qualitative research with data from interviews with 3 female informants on 20-29 years old and gethappy.id account followers. This research succeeded in identifying 2 receptions that emerged from the female group of Instagram account followers gethappy.id. The dominant reader comes from informants who have severe physical health problems and mental health problems related to these physical health problems. Meanwhile, negotiating reader arise from informants who do not have personal physical and mental health problems, but who have a social environment with physical and mental health problems. Another important finding is that the main social support remains family and friends. Social media support is needed when the two main social supports are not present.

scholarly journals Social Support in the Treatment of Heroin Addicts

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4(17)) ◽  
pp. 419-438
Author(s):  
Nermana Mujčinović ◽  
Nada Vaselić
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Addiction Treatment ◽  
Heroin Addiction ◽  
Uncertain Process ◽  
Heroin Addicts ◽  
Psychological Traits ◽  
Motivational Aspect ◽  
Physical And Psychological Health

Heroin addiction impairs every aspect of physical and psychological health of the addict, and at the same time, it impairs all forms of social functioning of the addict, as well as of everyone who loves him/her and of society as a whole, so it's necessary to put a lot of effort into treating this disease successfully. Working with heroin addicts shows that the treatment is a long and uncertain process, as the treatment must simultaneously cover three segments: psychological traits of heroin addicts, the degree of social support they have, and their motivation for this treatment. The theoretical goal of this research was to find out whether there is a link between social support and motivation for addiction treatment. The practical goal is to provide the improvement of the motivational aspect of treating heroin addicts, as well as to determine the role of social support in evaluating treatment outcomes. The research was conducted on a sample of 227 heroin addicts under treatment. The perception of social support for heroin addicts is the greatest when it comes to their families. A positive correlation was found between persistence in treatment and perceived social support from family members.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Correlation of Family Resilience of Parents with a Child with Autism Spectrum Disorders, Parenting Stress and Social Support

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paschalis Kavaliotis
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Family Resilience ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Autism Symptoms ◽  
The Social ◽  
Positive Outlook

Stress is an extremely serious symptom in the care of an autistic child and it deteriorates mainly in women and depending on the seriousness of the autism symptoms. As a result, physical and mental health problems are caused in the children’s carers, having as a consequence the attack on family resilience. Social support, standard or non-standard, seems that it can be related to the parents’ reduced stress levels as well as to an increase in resilience, even though not all researches agree on this conclusion. The correlation of these parameters in this study comes from a wider quantitative research, the sample of which were the parents of 312 autistic children in Greece, all of them couples, namely 624 men and women, divided in equal numbers. The scales’ correlations in this research showed a strong correlation of the family communication and problem solving with the utilization of resources that concern the social and financial field, and also with important management strategies of autism, such as maintaining a positive outlook and the ability to make meaning of adversities.

Treatment considerations for foreign-born victims of human trafficking: Practical applications of an ecological framework

2021 ◽  
pp. 136346152098395
Author(s):  
Temilola Salami’ ◽  
Mollie Gordon ◽  
Jeeva Babu ◽  
John Coverdale ◽  
Phuong T. Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Mental Health Treatment ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Systems Model ◽  
Treatment Considerations

Foreign-born individuals immigrating to or residing in the United States are especially vulnerable to exploitation by traffickers. Being trafficked elevates the risk for a variety of physical and mental health problems; thus, victims will often come into contact with health professionals. Because there is a dearth of literature concerning the treatment of human trafficking victims, and especially foreign-born victims, we set out to describe the practical applications of a model that we use for the mental health treatment of victimization in this population. As has been suggested by leaders in the anti-human trafficking community, we employed a culturally sensitive version of Bronfrenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Model to provide recommendations and educational resources for treatment at the individual, interpersonal, community, and societal levels. Our recommendations should serve to inform and improve the provision of care for foreign-born victims of human trafficking.

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