Effects of Aging on Musical Performance in Professional Orchestral Musicians

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dianna T Kenny ◽  
Tim Driscoll ◽  
Bronwen J Ackermann
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Musical Instrument ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Physical And Psychological Health ◽  
Orchestral Musicians ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND: The physical and psychological demands of playing a musical instrument are likely to be affected by age-related decline in function, including physical, cognitive, psychological, and organ-related changes. However, the complex neurophysiological demands of playing a musical instrument may delay many normal aging-related changes. AIM: This study compared professional classical musicians of different ages, using a range of physical and psychological measures, to discover how increasing age might affect work performance and to identify possible risk and protective factors for physical and psychological health as the musicians age. SUBJECTS: 377 professional orchestral musicians from eight Australian orchestras (70% response rate), ages 18 to 68 yrs (mean 42.1). Multiple standardized physical and psychological tools were used to evaluate the impact of age on a range of physical and mental health variables. RESULTS: Age was not statistically associated with frequency or severity of performance-related musculoskeletal disorders, ratings of perceived exertion, QuickDASH scores, use of beta-blockers, workplace satisfaction, and most psychological tests. Differences were observed on SPIN (social anxiety) scores, with lowest scores in the oldest age group (10.66 in 55+ yrs vs 17.83 in 18-30 yrs, p=0.016). Older musicians had higher BMIs and fewer practice sessions per day than younger musicians and also were more likely to consume alcohol on 5+ days/wk (44% vs 9%, p=0.003). CONCLUSION: Advancing age does not appear to exert undue negative impacts on physical and psychological health or performance capacity of professional orchestral musicians. However, dwindling numbers in the older age groups may suggest a "survivor" effect, whereby those who develop significant age-related decrements may cease professional performance at earlier ages. Longitudinal studies on the professional trajectories of professional orchestral musicians are needed to explore this question further.

scholarly journals Anger Suppression and Rumination Sequentially Mediates the Effect of Emotional Labor in Korean Nurses

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 799
Author(s):  
Ji Kim ◽  
Jeong Park ◽  
Soo Park
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Labor ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Anger Suppression ◽  
Anger Rumination ◽  
Health Indices ◽  
Physical And Psychological Health ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The degree of emotional labor in nurses has been associated with negative physical and psychological health indices. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between emotional labor and depressive and anxiety symptoms in nurses. Specifically, the study addressed the question of whether anger suppression and anger rumination sequentially mediated the relationship. A total of 99 nurses was recruited from a university hospital in Korea. The questionnaires included instruments assessing emotional labor, anger suppression, anger rumination, as well as depressive and anxiety symptoms. Consistent with our hypothesis, there was a significant indirect effect of anger suppression and anger rumination on the relationship between emotional labor and depressive symptoms, as well as on the relationship between emotional labor and anxiety symptoms. The nurses’ degree of emotional labor, anger suppression, and anger rumination was associated with psychological adjustment. Thus, the impact of nurses’ negative affect needs to be adequately addressed, as inadequate resolution of anger may increase their vulnerability to experience depressive and anxiety symptoms. These findings may contribute to developing a strategy for enhancing nurses’ psychological health.

scholarly journals Exercise-Induced Biological and Psychological Changes in Overweight and Obese Individuals: A Review of Recent Evidence

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petros C. Dinas ◽  
Aleksandra S. Markati ◽  
Andres E. Carrillo
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
World Health ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Health Indices ◽  
Physical And Psychological Health ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

On a global scale, the most recent evidence indicates that over 400 million adults are obese while ~20 million children and 1.6 billion adults are overweight. The World Health Organization reveals that, by the year 2015, ~2.3 billion adults will be overweight and more than 700 million will be obese. In this review paper we summarized the current evidence to elucidate the impact of exercise training on biological and psychological health indices in overweight and obese individuals. Endocrine function indices that are discussed herein include leptin, adiponectin, growth hormone, and ghrelin levels. Psychological factors include anxiety and depression, body image, and motivation for exercise. Overall, exercise promotes physical and psychological health in overweight and obese individuals particularly because exercise-induced adaptations occur across a multitude of systems within the active human. The impact of exercise on specific biological and psychological health indices contributes to overall health in overweight and obese individuals.

Age-related efficacy and safety of apalutamide (APA) plus ongoing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in subgroups of patients (pts) with nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC): Post hoc analysis of SPARTAN.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 5024-5024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Nicole Graff ◽  
Matthew Raymond Smith ◽  
Fred Saad ◽  
Boris A. Hadaschik ◽  
Hiroji Uemura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Safety Profile ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cox Models ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Impact

5024 Background: SPARTAN, a randomized phase 3 placebo (PBO)-controlled study in pts with high-risk nmCRPC and PSA doubling time ≤ 10 mo, showed that, compared with PBO, addition of APA to ongoing ADT treatment (tx) prolonged metastasis-free survival (MFS) by > 2 y, reduced the risk of symptomatic progression by 55%, and increased second progression-free survival (PFS2), which is the time from randomization to disease progression on first subsequent anticancer tx, or death. The impact of APA in terms of benefit and safety profile was evaluated in pts aged < 65, 65-74, and ≥ 75 y. Methods: Pts with nmCRPC were randomized 2:1 to APA (240 mg QD) or PBO; ADT was continuous. APA effect was analyzed by Cox models and Kaplan-Meier methods across age subgroups. Results: Baseline characteristics among age groups were similar, although ECOG PS 1 vs 0 increased with age. MFS benefit with APA was highly significant for all age subgroups (Table). In pts ≥ 75 y, MFS risk with APA vs PBO was reduced by 59%; MFS risk was reduced by 86% and 76% for pts < 65 and 65-74 y, respectively. Risk of PFS2 with APA vs PBO was reduced across all age subgroups. PFS2 in pts < 65, 65-74, and ≥ 75 y: HR, 0.09 (p < 0.0001); HR, 0.56 (p = 0.0343); HR, 0.59 (p = 0.0092), respectively. Risk of symptomatic progression was lessened with APA vs PBO for all age subgroups (Table). There was a similar increase in incidence of tx-emergent adverse events (TEAE) with age in both tx arms that remained higher with APA. Incidence of grade 3/4 TEAE (≥ 75 vs < 65 y): APA, 50% vs 37%; PBO, 37% vs 28%. Conclusions: Pts in all age subgroups with high-risk nmCRPC had significant improvement in MFS with APA + ongoing ADT. The safety profile of APA was similar across age subgroups. Clinical trial information: NCT01946204. [Table: see text]

The Impact of Age on Visual Search Performance

1993 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Manivannan ◽  
Sara Czaja ◽  
Colin Drury ◽  
Chi Ming Ip
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Visual Search Task ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Search Performance ◽  
Performance Effect ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Impact

Visual search is an important component of many real world tasks such as industrial inspection and driving. Several studies have shown that age has an impact on visual search performance. In general older people demonstrate poorer performance on such tasks as compared to younger people. However, there is controversy regarding the source of the age-performance effect. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between component abilities and visual search performance, in order to identify the locus of age-related performance differences. Six abilities including reaction time, working memory, selective attention and spatial localization were identified as important components of visual search performance. Thirty-two subjects ranging in age from 18 - 84 years, categorized in three different age groups (young, middle, and older) participated in the study. Their component abilities were measured and they performed a visual search task. The visual search task varied in complexity in terms of type of targets detected. Significant relationships were found between some of the component skills and search performance. Significant age effects were also observed. A model was developed using hierarchical multiple linear regression to explain the variance in search performance. Results indicated that reaction time, selective attention, and age were important predictors of search performance with reaction time and selective attention accounting for most of the variance.

scholarly journals Employer costs of mental health claims and how psychologically healthy workplaces align with successful DM programs

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Coduti
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Impact

Mental health (MH) and disability management (DM) businesses and DM professionals are proficient at addressing employee physical health, yet promoting employee MH is often ignored. Individuals claiming long-term disability (LTD), 85% identified MH conditions as their primary disability (Carls et al., 2012). Mental health LTD expenses are often higher due to longer recovery and challenges in return to work (Salkever, Goldman, Purushothaman, & Shinogle, 2000). Financial burdens of depression, anxiety, and emotional disorders are among the greatest of any disease condition in the workforce (Johnston et al., 2009). Globally, a fifth to a quarter of employees go to work everyday with a mental illness (Lorenzo-Romanella, 2011). Health care research has shown the impact of mental illness on work performance, however many employers and researchers are unaware of the value quality MH care has on employees and costs (Langlieb, & Kahn, 2005). The American Psychological Association (APA) identified five categories of workplace practices that promote psychological health in employees including: employee involvement; work-life balance; employee growth and development; health and safety; and employee recognition (APA, 2014). Organizational benefits of the five elements include: improved quality, performance and productivity; reduced absenteeism, presenteeism and turnover; fewer accidents and injuries; improved ability to attract and retain quality employees; improved customer service and satisfaction; and lower healthcare costs (APA, 2014). The presenters will discuss employer costs of MH claims and how psychologically healthy workplaces align with successful DM programs, decreasing MH claims and costs. Opportunities for future research include the United States Affordable Care Act (ACA) and its impact on MH (Mechanic, 2012) through provisions that encourage employers to adopt health promotion programs (Goetzel et al., 2012) and opportunities for research including comparisons of multinational employers regarding MH costs in countries with single payer systems, and in those without (United States), (Tanner, 2013).

scholarly journals Impact of Increased Screen Time on Physical and Psychological Health of Indian Students During COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1493-1500
Author(s):  
Shailly Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Physical And Psychological Health ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Indian Students

Now in the 21st century, both physical and psychological health are associated with technology. By the late March 2020, the Indian government announced multiple lockdowns to fight with COVID-19 pandemic which included the shutdown of all educational institutes due to which all schools, college, and universities had shifted all their classes online by using video conferencing apps which also accounted for a large proportion of tasks that resulted in increased screen time after lockdown compared to pre-lockdown during COVID-19. So, the present study was conducted to determine the impact of increased usage of the screen on Psychological and physical health during the COVID-19 among Indian Students. A cross sectional survey was conducted on Indian students by using self- made Questionnaire with snowball sampling method. A total of 210 responses were received online from various schools and colleges students between 15th August to 30th August 2020. The results showed a statistically significant difference between the screen time spent before and during COVID (t= 19.96; p<0.01). Similarly, a statistically significant positive correlation at 0.01 level was found between screen usage time during COVID-19 pandemic with backache (0.62), neck pain (0.71), headache (0.50), and weight gain (0.52) and with mental health (0.40). Hence the study concluded positive association between screen time with physical and psychological health during COVID-19 among Indian students. It further implies that adequate preventive health measures need to be incorporated among students. There is a scope of further study to identify the impact of over usage of screen on health of individuals of specific population i.e., either adolescents or adults’ group and also on the larger sample size to get more reliable and accurate results.

scholarly journals Age-Related Differences in Experiences With Social Distancing at the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Computational and Content Analytic Investigation of Natural Language From a Social Media Survey (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan C Moore ◽  
Angela Y Lee ◽  
Jeffrey T Hancock ◽  
Meghan C Halley ◽  
Eleni Linos
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Aged People ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Health Guidance

BACKGROUND As COVID-19 poses different levels of threat to people of different ages, health communication regarding prevention measures such as social distancing and isolation may be strengthened by understanding the unique experiences of various age groups. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine how people of different ages (1) experienced the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and (2) their respective rates and reasons for compliance or noncompliance with social distancing and isolation health guidance. METHODS We fielded a survey on social media early in the pandemic to examine the emotional impact of COVID-19 and individuals’ rates and reasons for noncompliance with public health guidance, using computational and content analytic methods of linguistic analysis. RESULTS A total of 17,287 participants were surveyed. The majority (n=13,183, 76.3%) were from the United States. Younger (18-31 years), middle-aged (32-44 years and 45-64 years), and older (≥65 years) individuals significantly varied in how they described the impact of COVID-19 on their lives, including their emotional experience, self-focused attention, and topical concerns. Younger individuals were more emotionally negative and self-focused, while middle-aged people were other-focused and concerned with family. The oldest and most at-risk group was most concerned with health-related terms but were lower in anxiety (use of fewer anxiety-related terms) and higher in the use of emotionally positive terms than the other less at-risk age groups. While all groups discussed topics such as acquiring essential supplies, they differentially experienced the impact of school closures and limited social interactions. We also found relatively high rates of noncompliance with COVID-19 prevention measures, such as social distancing and self-isolation, with younger people being more likely to be noncompliant than older people (<i>P</i>&lt;.001). Among the 43.1% (n=7456) of respondents who did not fully comply with health orders, people differed substantially in the reasons they gave for noncompliance. The most common reason for noncompliance was not being able to afford to miss work (n=4273, 57.3%). While work obligations proved challenging for participants across ages, younger people struggled more to find adequate space to self-isolate and manage their mental and physical health; middle-aged people had more concerns regarding childcare; and older people perceived themselves as being able to take sufficient precautions. CONCLUSIONS Analysis of natural language can provide insight into rapidly developing public health challenges like the COVID-19 pandemic, uncovering individual differences in emotional experiences and health-related behaviors. In this case, our analyses revealed significant differences between different age groups in feelings about and responses to public health orders aimed to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. To improve public compliance with health orders as the pandemic continues, health communication strategies could be made more effective by being tailored to these age-related differences.

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