scholarly journals Effect of regional skill gaps and skill shortages on firm productivity

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 933-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Morris ◽  
Enrico Vanino ◽  
Carlo Corradini
Keyword(s):  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Firm Productivity ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Regional Productivity ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Skill Gaps ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Skill Shortages

This paper contributes to the literature on regional productivity, complementing previous education and skill-level perspectives with a novel approach analysing the impact of regional skill gaps and skill shortages. This allows us to reflect the idiosyncratic needs of the regional economic structure better, considering both the demand and supply side of the skills equation in localised labour markets. Controlling for unobserved time-invariant firm-level heterogeneity and other region–industry effects across a longitudinal data set for the period 2008–2014, our analysis reveals a negative direct effect of skill shortages on firm productivity. We further find negative spillover effects for both skill gaps and skill shortages in related industries and proximate regions. Results are also shown to be heterogeneous with respect to agglomeration levels and industrial sectors. Stronger negative effects are found in industries defined by a knowledge-intensive skill base, pointing to the loss of learning effects in the presence of skill deficiencies. Conversely, agglomeration effects appear to moderate the impact of skill deficiencies through more efficient matching in the local labour market. The findings presented thus suggest that policies aimed at improving productivity and addressing the increasing regional productivity divide cannot be reduced to a simple space-neutral support for higher education and skill levels but need to recognise explicitly the presence and characteristics of place-specific skills gaps and shortages.

Do the flipped impacts of hotels matter to the popularity of Airbnb?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bowen Yi ◽  
Da Shi ◽  
Fangfang Shi ◽  
Liang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Set Covering ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Competitive Effects ◽  
Competition Theory ◽  
Relationship Model ◽  
Hotel Managers ◽  
Multidimensional Effects

Purpose By building on cooperation–competition theory, this study aims to investigate the multidimensional flipped effects of neighborhood hotels on Airbnb listings’ popularity, examining the degree to which such impacts are influenced by hotel types and geographical areas. Design/methodology/approach This study explores the interdependent and competitive relationship between neighborhood hotels and Airbnb from the perspective of effects on Airbnb listings’ popularity by exploring a data set covering 10,492 Airbnb listings and 2,691 hotels from Ctrip. Findings Results reveal that neighborhood hotels’ number of reviews, review ratings and prices each have positive spillover effects on Airbnb listings’ popularity, while quality assurance labels and negative review topic sentiments exert competitive effects on Airbnb popularity. Moreover, the number of budget chain hotels and high-star hotels have positive and negative effects on Airbnb popularity, respectively. Geographical areas also have a moderating effect on the relationship between various hotel-related influencing factors and Airbnb. Practical implications This study can offer hotel managers and Airbnb operators a clearer understanding of these businesses’ coexisting relationship. Findings can also provide Airbnb-specific guidelines for practitioners in terms of site selection, promotional features and development strategies for Airbnb listings. Originality/value This study establishes a cooperation–competition relationship model between hotels and Airbnb and considers the flipped effects of hotels on Airbnb for the first time. It expands previous studies by considering the multidimensional effects of hotels on Airbnb listings’ popularity and by examining the influences of hotel types and geographical areas on hotels’ impacts on Airbnb.

Revisiting the impact of organized labor on corporate bottom lines

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmytro Osiichuk ◽  
Paweł Mielcarz ◽  
Julia Kavalenka
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Organized Labor ◽  
Corporate Financial Performance ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
International Panel ◽  
Transmission Mechanisms ◽  
Credible Threat ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Relying on an international panel data set, the purpose of this paper is to quantify the economic impact of labor unionization on corporate financial performance. Design/methodology/approach Static panel regression analysis is performed for a firm-level multinational data set to elucidate the postulated empirical relationships between employee unionization and corporate performance. The transmission mechanisms intermediating the studied effects are discussed and operationalized. Findings The empirical evidence demonstrates that firms with a higher level of employee unionization spend more on wages and labor-related expenses. The concomitant downside of higher resource extraction by unions is a lower rate of net employment creation and a higher possibility of redundancy layoffs. Originality/value Overall, the authors demonstrate that by creating a credible threat of employee disobedience manifested through strikes and internal wage disputes, labor unions remain an effective mechanism of increasing employees’ bargaining power. Despite the discovered weak negative associative link between the degree of unionization and corporate financial performance, the authors perceive the overall evidence to be inconclusive on this matter.

scholarly journals International spillover effects of U.S. tax reforms: evidence from Germany

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Désirée I Christofzik ◽  
Steffen Elstner
Keyword(s):  
German Economy ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Vector Autoregressions ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Tax Reforms ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Tax Legislation ◽  
Tax Shocks ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Structural Vector

Abstract This paper explores the international transmission of U.S. tax shocks. Using structural vector autoregressions, we study the impact on the German economy and on German tax legislation. Our results suggest that, after a U.S. tax cut, German GDP increases only moderately. Positive effects via the income channel outweigh negative effects stemming from price developments. Significant changes in the transmission channels arise by distinguishing between the types of the U.S. tax shock. German tax policy either reacts with diametric measures, or remains passive when considering the whole sample period. For a sample starting in 1980, we find that, in particular, after U.S. corporate income tax cuts, tax reductions are also implemented in Germany.

Firm-level agreements, employment strategies and temporary workers

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 194-212
Author(s):  
Saverio Minardi
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Temporary Employment ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Temporary Workers ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Collective Agreements ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of two-tier firm-level collective agreements on firms’ propensity to use temporary employment, accounting for the process of self-selection of firms into different bargaining levels in the Italian context. It further examines which firm-level characteristics drive this process of selection. Design/methodology/approach The empirical analysis uses a panel data set of Italian firms for the years 2005, 2007, 2010 and 2015. Estimations are produced and compared through ordinary least square regression, random-effects and fixed-effects models. Findings Results show that enterprises adopting two-tier firm-level agreements (TTFA) are associated with lower levels of temporary workers. However, a longitudinal analysis suggests that introducing a TTFA does not impact firms’ propensity to employ temporary workers. This novel finding highlights the presence of a selection process based on firm-level time-constant characteristics. The paper argues that these characteristics refer to management orientation toward high-road rather than low-road employment strategies. Further evidence is brought in support of this claim, showing that firms’ propensity toward the provision of training for their labor force partially explain the process of selection. Originality/value The study is the first to analyze the impact of secondary-level collective agreements on firms’ reliance on temporary employment, offering new evidence on the causes of the expansion of temporary employment. It further highlights the relevance of employers’ strategies in shaping the impact of the bargaining structure.

Corporate tax planning and corporate tax disclosure

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-364
Author(s):  
Mahfoudh Hussein Mgammal
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Tax Planning ◽  
Corporate Tax ◽  
Effective Tax Rate ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to examine the impact of corporate tax planning (TP) on tax disclosure (TD). Using tax expenses data set, with the detailed effective tax rate (ETR) by reconciling individual items of income and expenses. Design/methodology/approach A firm-level panel data set is used to analyse 286 non-financial listed companies on Bursa Malaysia that spans the period 2010-2012. Multivariate statistical analyses were run on the sample data. The empirical understanding of TD depends on public sources of data in the financial statement, characterized in the aggregated note of tax expenses. Fitting with Malaysian environment, the authors measured TD using modified ETR reconciling items. Findings Results show that TP, exhibit a robust positive influence on TD. This suggests that TP is related to lower corporate TD. In addition, companies with high TP attempt to mitigate the disclosure problem by increasing various TD. The authors further find significant positive impact between each of firm size and industry dummy, on TD. This means that company-specific characteristics are significant factors affecting corporate TD. Research limitations/implications This study contributes to the literature on the effect of TP on TD. It depends on both the signalling theory and the Scholes–Wolfson framework, which are the main theories concerned with TP and TD. Therefore, from a theoretical side, the authors add to the current theories by verifying that users are the party influenced whether positively or negatively, by the extent of TD or the extent of TP activities through Malaysian organizations. Practical implications The evidence found in this paper has important policy and practical implications for the authorities, researchers, decision makers and company managers. The findings can provide them some relevant insights on the importance of TP actions from companies’ perspective and contribute to the discussion of who verifies and deduces from TD directed by companies. Originality/value This paper originality is regarded as the first attempt to examine the impact of TP on TD in a developing country such as Malaysia. Malaysian setting is an interesting one to examine because Malaysia could be similar to other countries in Southeast Asia. Results contribute significant insights to the discussion about TD regarding, which parties are responsible for the verification of TD by firms, and which parties benefit from this disclosure. Findings suggest that companies face a trade-off between tax benefits and TD when selecting the type of their TP.

scholarly journals Family Commitments and Career Success: Earnings of Male and Female Managers

2005 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathy Cannings
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Middle Managers ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Household Division Of Labor ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Behavioral Variables ◽  
Dual Commitment ◽  
The Impact

The dual-career family, with its attendant pressures for dual commitment to the home and to the career, has become an increasingly important phenomenon in recent decades. This paper uses a firm-level data set to examine the impact of family commitments as well as cognitive, behavioral, and organizational factors on the earnings of 519 married middle managers in a large Canadian corporation. Alongside a number of behavioral variables as well as the functional division of managerial labor in the company, division of labor in the employee's household has a significant impact on managerial earnings. The inclusion of a variable reflecting the household division of labor in the managerial earnings function helps to explain a substantial proportion of the earnings disadvantage of women in this company that might otherwise simply be attributed to gender.

scholarly journals Multinational Firms and International Business Cycle Transmission*

2016 ◽  
Vol 132 (2) ◽  
pp. 921-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Cravino ◽  
Andrei A. Levchenko
Keyword(s):  
Business Cycle ◽  
International Business ◽  
Multinational Firms ◽  
Quantitative Model ◽  
Individual Country ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Data Set ◽  
International Business Cycle ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Foreign Shocks

Abstract We investigate how multinational firms contribute to the transmission of shocks across countries using a large multicountry firm-level data set that contains cross-border ownership information. We use these data to document two novel empirical patterns. First, foreign affiliate and headquarter sales exhibit strong positive comovement: a 10% growth in the sales of the headquarter is associated with a 2% growth in the sales of the affiliate. Second, shocks to the source country account for a significant fraction of the variation in sales growth at the source-destination level. We propose a parsimonious quantitative model to interpret these findings and to evaluate the role of multinational firms for international business cycle transmission. For the typical country, the impact of foreign shocks transmitted by all foreign multinationals combined is non-negligible, accounting for about 10% of aggregate productivity shocks. On the other hand, since bilateral multinational production shares are small, interdependence between most individual country pairs is minimal. Our results do reveal substantial heterogeneity in the strength of this mechanism, with the most integrated countries significantly more affected by foreign shocks.

scholarly journals CAPACITY BUILDING THROUGH FOREIGN AIDED PROJECT: AN EVALUATIVE STUDY

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabahat Akram ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Community Participation ◽  
Primary Teachers ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Data Set ◽  
National Education ◽  
Statistical Estimates ◽  
Evaluative Study ◽  
Training Capacity ◽  
Future Policy ◽  
The Impact

Purpose:This study presents an analysis of the impact of training (capacity development) through a foreign aided project National Education project NEP in AJK. Methodology/Sampling:A customized set of capacity domains was developed using standard analysis tools devised by UNDP against whom the change due to trainings was measured. The variables of the model are Relevance, Performance, Efficiency, Effectiveness, and Sustainability & Community Participation. The statistical estimates are based on a data set of various surveys and scheduled interviews. Findings:The study concludes that although trainings for the master trainers were relevant and efficient but they could not provide desired results for ultimate beneficiaries that is the primary teachers. Sustainability and community participation were the weaker areas of the project creating negative effects. Practical Implications:The analysis includes recommendations for more prudent future policy making of such projects. This research study is first of its kind for a particular area of Pakistan. It presents an overview of the foreign aided project and will serve as database for future planning and research.

Effects of Export Orientation, Exchange Rates and Leverage on Firm Productivity: Evidence from Pakistan

2021 ◽  
pp. 097215092110564
Author(s):  
Abdul Rashid ◽  
Afaq Khan ◽  
Ahmad Fraz
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Exchange Rate Uncertainty ◽  
Exporting Firms ◽  
Exchange Rate Changes

This article empirically scrutinizes the effect of exchange rate changes, exchange rate uncertainty and firm leverage on firm-level productivity growth. It also examines the differential effects of these variables, conditional on the levels of exports. Finally, it investigates whether a firm’s heterogeneity in terms of its share of exports in total sales matters in determining the response of a firm’s productivity growth to these variables. The empirical analysis is based on an unbalanced panel data set with annual observations of 222 exporting firms listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange over the 2009–2017 period. We find that both exchange rate changes and exchange rate uncertainty have significant, negative effects on the firm’s productivity growth, and exporting further makes intense these effects. Yet, we show that export activities are positively related to firms’ productivity growth. We also reveal that there is a significant heterogeneity in the effects of exchange rate changes, its uncertainty and leverage, which is attributed to export intensity. Specifically, we observe that the effects are more prominent in firms that export more shares of their output to foreign markets.

scholarly journals The impact of corruption on analyst coverage

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-323
Author(s):  
Omaima Hassan ◽  
Gianluigi Giorgioni
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Endogeneity Bias ◽  
Analyst Coverage ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Data Limitations ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the impact of country-level corruption and firms’ anti-bribery policies on analyst coverage. Analyst coverage has been identified as a powerful tool to detect fraud and should equally act as a possible tool to reduce corruption.Design/methodology/approachThis study used a negative binomial count regression method on a longitudinal data set of a sample of S&P Global 1200 companies for the years 2010-2015. To control for potential endogeneity bias and improve the reliability of the estimation, both country-level corruption and firms’ anti-bribery policies variables were instrumented.FindingsAfter controlling potential endogeneity bias, the results show that the adoption of anti-bribery policies at firm level attracts more analysts to follow a firm. The results for corruption at country level show that analyst coverage increases in less corrupted countries indicating that the costs of corruption exceed its potential benefits. When the variables corruption at country level and anti-bribery policies are interacted, the relationship is positive and highly significant.Practical implicationsGiven the potential important role played by anti-corruption measures, firms are encouraged to adopt them to reduce the incidence of corruption and to increase analyst coverage, which will reinforce the benign effect of monitoring.Originality/valueAlthough the literature on corruption at the country level is rich, it is geared towards the determinants of corruption in contrast to its consequences, and fewer studies have focused on the impact of corruption at firm level because of data limitations. This paper addresses this gap and contributes to the literature on the consequences of corruption at firm level.

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