Foster Care Studies —Reviewed from the USA: Assessing the Long-term Effects of Foster Care: A Research Synthesis

1997 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 72-73
Author(s):  
John Triseliotis
Keyword(s):  
Foster Care ◽  
Research Synthesis ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
The Usa

Glycyrrhizic acid: the assessment of a no effect level

2000 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 434-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
C E M van Gelderen ◽  
J A Bijlsma ◽  
W van Dokkum ◽  
T J F Savelkoull
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Glycyrrhizic Acid ◽  
Mild Hypertension ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Healthy Female ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Effect Level

Because from earlier experiments in rats and a pilot study in humans a no effect level of glycyrrhizic acid could not be established, a second experiment was performed in healthy volunteers. The experiment was performed in females only, because the effects were most marked in females in the pilot study. Doses of 0, 1, 2 and 4 mg glycyrrhizic acid/kg body weight were administered orally for 8 weeks to 39 healthy female volunteers aged 19-40 years. The experimentlasted 12 weeks including an adaptation and a “wash-out” period.Ano-effectlevel of2 mg/kgis proposed from the results ofthis study, from which an acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 0.2 mg/kg body weight can be extrapolated with a safety factor of 10. This means consumption of 12 mg glycyrrhizic acid/day for a person with a body weight of 60 kg. This would be equal to 6 g licorice a day, assuming that licorice contains 0.2% of glycyrrhizic acid. The proposed ADI is below the limit advised by the Dutch Nutrition Council of 200 mg glycyrrhizic acid/day. This reflects the relatively mild acute toxicity of glycyrrhizic acid, which is also emphasised by the “generally recognised as safe” (GRAS) status of glycyrrhizic acid in the USA in 1983. However, the long-term effects of a mild chronic intoxication (causing, for example, a mild hypertension), although not immediately lethal, justify special attention to the amount of glycyrrhizic acid used daily.

The long-term effects of early parent involvement and parent expectation in the USA

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Mark Froiland ◽  
Aubrey Peterson ◽  
Mark L. Davison
Keyword(s):  
Parent Involvement ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Parent Expectation ◽  
Early Parent

scholarly journals Observations of Emissions and the Influence of Meteorological Conditions during Wildfires: A Case Study in the USA, Brazil, and Australia during the 2018/19 Period

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Lerato Shikwambana ◽  
Mahlatse Kganyago
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Large Fires ◽  
The Vertical Distribution

Wildfires can have rapid and long-term effects on air quality, human health, climate change, and the environment. Smoke from large wildfires can travel long distances and have a harmful effect on human health, the environment, and climate in other areas. More recently, in 2018–2019 there have been many large fires. This study focused on the wildfires that occurred in the United States of America (USA), Brazil, and Australia using Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarisation (CALIOP) and a TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI). Specifically, we analyzed the spatial-temporal distribution of black carbon (BC) and carbon monoxide (CO) and the vertical distribution of smoke. Based on the results, the highest detection of smoke (~14 km) was observed in Brazil; meanwhile, Australia showed the largest BC column burden of ~1.5 mg/m2. The meteorological conditions were similar for all sites during the fires. Moderate temperatures (between 32 and 42 °C) and relative humidity (30–50%) were observed, which resulted in drier conditions favorable for the burning of fires. However, the number of active fires was different for each site, with Brazil having 13 times more active fires than the USA and five times more than the number of active fires in Australia. However, the high number of active fires did not translate to higher atmospheric constituent emissions. Overall, this work provides a better understanding of wildfire behavior and the role of meteorological conditions in emissions at various sites.

Bibliometric analysis of military trauma publications: 2000–2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 164 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark L Vickers ◽  
C P Coorey ◽  
G J Milinovich ◽  
L Eriksson ◽  
M Assoum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Web Of Science ◽  
Blast Injury ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
H Index ◽  
Military Trauma ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
The Uk

IntroductionBibliometric tools can be used to identify the authors, topics and research institutions that have made the greatest impact in a field of medicine. The aim of this research was to analyse military trauma publications over the last 16 years of armed conflict in order to highlight the most important lessons that have translated into civilian practice and military doctrine as well as identify emerging areas of importance.MethodsA systematic search of research published between January 2000 and December 2016 was conducted using the Thompson Reuters Web of Science database. Both primary evidence and review publications were included. Results were categorised according to relevance and topic and the 30 most cited publications were reviewed in full. The h-index, impact factors, citation counts and citation analysis were used to evaluate results.ResultsA plateau in the number of annual publications on military trauma was found, as was a shift away from publications on wound and mortality epidemiology to publications on traumatic brain injury (TBI), neurosurgery or blast injury to the head. Extensive collaboration networks exist between highly contributing authors and institutions, but less collaboration between authors from different countries. The USA produced the majority of recent publications, followed by the UK, Germany and Israel.ConclusionsIn recent years, the number of publications on TBI, neurosurgery or blast injury to the head has increased. It is likely that the lessons of recent conflicts will continue to influence civilian medical practice, particularly regarding the long-term effects of blast-related TBI.

Trans-National Advocacy and the Hashtag Black Lives Matter

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-51
Author(s):  
Danella May Campbell ◽  
Marie Chollier
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Web Content ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Insight Into

This chapter offers an insight into racial debates and equality advocacy in the 21st century and explores the emergence, the becoming and long-lasting effect of #BlackLivesMatter. The hashtag story is a traditional viral web content. Nevertheless, technologies allowed these initially local concerns, to become a world-wide plea. The first section summarises the past and current struggle for civil rights and equality in the USA. The second one focuses on the European reception of the hashtag in two structurally different countries. The last section discusses both outcomes and consequences in terms of social policies and international advocacy. A journalistic and critical analysis of the movement is here provided, with long term effects and reception case studies.

Trans-National Advocacy and the Hashtag Black Lives Matter

2018 ◽  
pp. 101-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danella May Campbell ◽  
Marie Chollier
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Web Content ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Insight Into

This chapter offers an insight into racial debates and equality advocacy in the 21st century and explores the emergence, the becoming and long-lasting effect of #BlackLivesMatter. The hashtag story is a traditional viral web content. Nevertheless, technologies allowed these initially local concerns, to become a world-wide plea. The first section summarises the past and current struggle for civil rights and equality in the USA. The second one focuses on the European reception of the hashtag in two structurally different countries. The last section discusses both outcomes and consequences in terms of social policies and international advocacy. A journalistic and critical analysis of the movement is here provided, with long term effects and reception case studies.

Health Care for All: An Overview of the Affordable Care Act’s Medicaid Expansion in the USA

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-192
Author(s):  
Ariel Arguelles ◽  
Meghna Sabharwal
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Reform ◽  
Health Care Access ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Fiscal Health ◽  
Health Care Reforms ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Care Access ◽  
The Usa

One of the most significant health care reforms since the implementation of Medicare and Medicaid, the Affordable Care Act (ACA) enacted into law in 2010, was met with widespread criticism. The expansion of Medicaid eligibility was a specific focus of these critiques as sceptics believed the long-term effects would be primarily negative for both the physical and fiscal health of the population. This article provides a brief history of the ACA along with the role of political and public opinion. This is followed with an analysis of initial criticisms and concerns surrounding the eligibility and expansion—with a brief discussion of the constitutionality of the law. Finally, while the long-term effects of the ACA upon health care access and service in the USA are yet to be seen, preliminary results indicate positive effects, contrary to the negatives originally assumed. The article concludes with a summary of current health care reform and a prospective on the future of health care reform in the USA.

scholarly journals PECULIARITIES OF RADIATION NORMALIZATION IN THE USSR (RUSSIA) AND THE USA CONCERNING TO LONG-TERM PILOTABLE SPACE FLIGHTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (9) ◽  
pp. 861-867
Author(s):  
Yury G. Grigoryev ◽  
I. B. Ushakov ◽  
A. V. Shafirkin
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Radiation ◽  
Radiation Risk ◽  
The United States ◽  
Radiation Hazard ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Space Flights ◽  
Dose Limits ◽  
The Usa

Retrospectively, from the 60s of the last century to the present time, coordinated approaches have been considered in our country and in the United States in addressing the issues of ensuring radiation safety and radiation rating of short-term space flights and establishing the maximum radiation exposure levels for cosmonauts and astronauts. At the same time, for long space flights some basic differences in the choice of radiation hazard criteria for a complex (in contrast to terrestrial) character of the radiation impact of cosmic radiation are shown. Differences in models of the formation of the radiation hazard to the organism are also noted taking into account the recovery and compensatory processes. A thorough experimental and model substantiation of not only the risk of immediate effects, but also the main and unfavorable long-term effects of cosmic radiation on cosmonauts, have been carried out. To solve problems of rationing in Russia and establish the dose limits for cosmonauts, the results of unique experiments are presented and quantitative approaches to the determination of the state of the leading regulatory systems, body reserves, the total radiation risk throughout the life of cosmonauts, as well as the possible reduction of the average life expectancy.

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