Optimizing Access to Public Services: A Review of Problems, Models and Methods of Locating Central Facilities

1978 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Hodgart
Keyword(s):  
The Poor ◽  

It must also be confessed, that, wherever we depart from this equality, we rob the poor of more satisfaction than we add to the rich, and that the slight gratification of a frivolous variety, in one individual, frequently costs more than bread to many families, and even provinces (D. Hume, An enquiry concerning the principles of morals).

2005 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 530-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey F. Timmons

Using data from approximately ninety countries, the author shows that the more a state taxes the rich as a percentage of GDP, the more it protects property rights; and the more it taxes the poor, the more it provides basic public services. There is no evidence that states gouge the rich to benefit the poor or vice versa, contrary to state-capture theories. Nor is there any evidence that taxes and spending are unrelated, contrary to state-autonomy models. Instead, states operate much like fiscal contracts, with groups getting what they pay for.


2004 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. i-iii

In this election year, 2004, people are grappling with the various forces that make up these United States. What forces encourage inclusion and which exclusion? Who is to be included and who excluded? Is this to be a country with wide discrepancies between the rich and the poor? Is this to be a country where public education is poorly funded and a good education depends upon private resources? Are we going to forget that discrimination on the basis of gender, race, ethnic origin, and economic status still exists and needs to be perpetually, vigilantly addressed? There is a deep division in the country over the proper and fair use of our resources that constitutes concern in all our citizens


2017 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 183-193
Author(s):  
Laura Rodríguez Galán

Resumen: el presente artículo muestra una visión sobre la complejidad de la traducción en el ámbito judicial con respecto al uso de glosarios terminológicos. En el marco de la Justicia es habitual que los traductores e intérpretes judiciales tengan que enfrentarse a toda clase de retos profesionales, por lo que han de estar lo suficientemente preparados, y los glosarios de terminología específica son un recurso de enorme utilidad que facilita la tarea traductora al servir de puente de comunicación entre los intermediarios de la Justicia y los ciudadanos que solicitan sus servicios (demandas, procesos judiciales, apelaciones, etc.), ya sea por vía escrita (traducción de documentos) u oral (interpretación de discursos). La principal hipótesis de la que partimos es la urgente necesidad de crear estos recursos específicos para los traductores e intérpretes que trabajan en el seno de la Justicia, y cuya carencia no hace sino incrementar las dificultades que, sin duda, estos profesionales poseen a la hora de realizar sus tareas de traducción, dada la escasa disponibilidad de tiempo para que puedan elaborar sus propios glosarios terminológicos de consulta. Con este estudio lo que se pretende es mostrar tanto las ventajas como las dificultades de la elaboración de glosarios. Por último, los resultados obtenidos confirman nuestra hipótesis de las ventajas que tiene el hecho de disponer de glosarios terminológicos específicos para el área jurídico-judicial que, sin lugar a dudas, facilitan las tareas de traducción en este ámbito de la Traducción e Interpretación en los Servicios Públicos.Abstract: the present paper shows a vision about the complexity of translation in judicial field concerning the use of terminological glossaries. In the context of Justice, it is common for judicial translators and interpreters to deal with all kinds of professional challenges. So, they must be sufficiently prepared. Glossaries of specific terminology are a resource very useful that facilitates translator’s task, by serving as a bridge of communication between intermediaries of Justice and citizens who request their services (appeals, court proceedings, lawsuits, etc.), either written (translation of documents) or oral (interpreting of speeches). The main starting hypothesis is the urgent need to create these specific resources for interpreters and translators working within the Justice, and whose lack only increases the difficulties that these professionals have, undoubtedly, when the time to perform their translation tasks, given the poor availability of time to produce their own terminological glossaries of consultation. With this study, to show advantages and difficulties of developing glossaries, that is the intention. Finally, results confirm our hypothesis of advantages to have available specific terminological glossaries in Legal-Judicial area which, undoubtedly, facilitate translation tasks in this context of Public Services Interpreting and Translation. 


Author(s):  
David Wendell Moller
Keyword(s):  
The Poor ◽  

Why are kings without pity for their subjects? Because they count on never being common human beings. Why are the rich so hard toward the poor? It is because they have no fear of being poor. . . .—Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Émile; or, On Education1In Shakespeare’s ...


1890 ◽  
Vol s7-IX (224) ◽  
pp. 288-288
Author(s):  
H. Fishwick
Keyword(s):  
The Poor ◽  

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
LALISA ALEMAYEHU DUGUMA ◽  
IKA DARNHOFER ◽  
HERBERT HAGER

SUMMARYA study was conducted in Suba area, central highlands of Ethiopia, to assess the net return, land and labour productivity, and the return to scale of cereal farming practice. Seventy-five farmers belonging to three local wealth classes (poor, medium and rich) were randomly selected and interviewed about inputs and outputs related to cereal farming for the production year 2007/2008. Farm soil properties were investigated to check the variability in soil quality among the wealth classes. Benefit:cost ratio (BCR), net returns and annual profit were used to indicate the worthiness of the cereal farming activity. The return to scale was estimated by using the Cobb–Douglas production function. The results show that cereal farming is a rewarding practice, with the rich households gaining more profit than the poor. Farm size was the most important variable that affects the net return. There is an increasing return to scale. However, it is unlikely that farmers will have more land than they own at present because of the land shortage problem in the country caused by the increasing human population. Thus, attention should be given to minimizing the costs of production through proper regulation of domestic fertilizer costs and increasing labour productivity especially for the poor and medium households. The use of manure and compost as an additional fertilizer should also be promoted.


2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 183449092110257
Author(s):  
Qiong Li ◽  
Chen Deng ◽  
Bin Zuo ◽  
Xiaobin Zhang

This study explored whether vertical position affects social categorization of the rich and the poor. Experiment 1 used high- and low-income occupations as stimuli, and found participants categorized high-income occupations faster when they were presented in the top vertical position compared to the bottom vertical position. In Experiment 2, participants responded using either the “up” or “down” key to categorize high- and low-income occupations, and responded faster to high-income occupations with the “up” key and low-income occupations with the “down” key. In Experiment 3, names identified as belonging to either rich or poor individuals were presented at the top or bottom of a screen, and the results were the same as in Experiments 1 and 2. These findings suggest that social categorization based on wealth involved perceptual simulations of vertical position, and that vertical position affects the social categorization of the rich and the poor.


2021 ◽  
pp. 135406612110014
Author(s):  
Glen Biglaiser ◽  
Ronald J. McGauvran

Developing countries, saddled with debts, often prefer investors absorb losses through debt restructurings. By not making full repayments, debtor governments could increase social spending, serving poorer constituents, and, in turn, lowering income inequality. Alternatively, debtor governments could reduce taxes and cut government spending, bolstering the assets of the rich at the expense of the poor. Using panel data for 71 developing countries from 1986 to 2016, we assess the effects of debt restructurings on societal income distribution. Specifically, we study the impact of debt restructurings on social spending, tax reform, and income inequality. We find that countries receiving debt restructurings tend to use their newly acquired economic flexibility to reduce taxes and lower social spending, worsening income inequality. The results are also robust to different model specifications. Our study contributes to the globalization and the poor debate, suggesting the economic harm caused to the less well-off following debt restructurings.


BMJ ◽  
1904 ◽  
Vol 2 (2286) ◽  
pp. 1116-1116
Author(s):  
W. R. Williams
Keyword(s):  
The Poor ◽  
The Rich ◽  

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