The relevance of ecoregions and mountainous environments in the diversity and endemism of land gastropods

2020 ◽  
pp. 030913332094883
Author(s):  
DA Dos Santos ◽  
E Domínguez ◽  
MJ Miranda ◽  
DE Gutiérrez Gregoric ◽  
MG Cuezzo
Keyword(s):  
Short Range ◽  
Minimum Spanning Tree ◽  
Physical Nature ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Taxonomic Richness ◽  
Chaco Serrano ◽  
Hierarchical Grouping ◽  
Subtropical Dry Forests ◽  
Source Of Information

Twenty-five sub-ecoregions make Argentina from southern South America a favored area to study the mutual correspondence between environments and biodiversity. Unfortunately, efforts devoted to study these environments are unbalanced, with the subtropical dry forests less studied than the tropical and subtropical humid ones. Since the limits of ecoregions are based on vegetation criteria, land gastropods represent an independent source of information to test the relevance of sub-ecoregions in different aspects of biodiversity. We ask if land gastropods mirror these traditional diversity patterns when their distributions are framed in the context of sub-ecoregions. Additionally, we want to test if short-range endemic species (SRE) are randomly scattered across the sub-ecoregions. We first built an updated taxonomic checklist and mapped all the valid records compiled to date. Taxonomic richness, taxonomic diversity, and beta-diversity between sub-ecoregions were calculated. We obtained a hierarchical grouping of sub-ecoregions and the respective list of species that significantly support each cluster. We also developed two new analytical resources: a radial plot for showing the species composition of clusters resolved at three taxonomic levels, and a mixed coefficient of distributional size useful to identify SRE from sparse point records. This dimensionless measure of spatial range combines information of both the convex hull area and the length of the minimum spanning tree connecting point localities of presence. The Southern Andean Yungas and Dry Chaco are the species-level richest ecoregions. Although the Paranaense Forest harbors half of the number of species found in the Chaco Serrano, it reaches the highest score of taxonomic diversity because of the eclectic nature of their genera. SRE species are not randomly distributed across the sub-ecoregions, but they broadly overlap with the orographic Peripampasic arc extended over Chaco Serrano and Yungas Forests. SREs are highly dependent on the physical nature of the landscape.

scholarly journals Taxonomic diversity of cockroach assemblages (Blattaria, Insecta) of the Aptian Crato Formation (Cretaceous, NE Brazil)

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 433-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shih-Wei Lee
Keyword(s):  
Lower Cretaceous ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Taxonomic Richness ◽  
The Family ◽  
Endemic Genera

AbstractA comprehensive revision of 981 specimens of fossil cockroaches from the Lower Cretaceous laminated limestones of the Crato Formation of Northeast Brazil shows that they belong to eleven taxa, includingPiniblattella limai,P. magnasp. n.,Perlucipecta santanensis.sp. n.,Raptoblatta waddingtonae;Ocelloblattula santanensissp. n.,Elisama brevis(=E. americana, syn.n.),E. hindwingniisp. n.,Ponopterix axelrodi(=P. maximasyn.n.),Umenopterix burkhardicomb. n., andCratovitisma oldreadi(Umenocoleidae = Cratovitismidae syn.n. = Ponopterixidae syn.n.). The family Ectobiidae is numerically most abundant in the assemblage of cockroaches of the Crato Formation (83 % of cockroaches), followed by Blattulidae (13 %) and Umenocoleidae (4 %). 79.2 % of specimens are complete and fully articulated. Members of the family Alienopteridae are probably also present. Representatives of a relatively common Mesozoic superfamily Caloblattinoidea are missing. With the exception of the endemic generaCratovitismaandRaptoblattaand the exclusively Gondwanan genusOcelloblattula, all other genera were cosmopolitan. Taxonomic richness of cockroaches of the Crato Formation is thus rather low, and consists of geologically long-ranging and geographically-widespread genera, genera restricted to Gondwana, and short-ranging endemic genera found in the Crato Formation only.

scholarly journals Cloud anomalies and earthquakes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Л.И. Морозова ◽  
А.В. Николаев ◽  
С.А. Пулинец
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Physical Mechanism ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Physical Nature ◽  
Lower Atmosphere ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Strong Earthquakes ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Physical Principles ◽  
Made In

В работе делается попытка обобщить результаты наблюдений еще до конца не понятого явления, обычно называемого «линейные облачные аномалии» (ЛОА), наблюдае- мого над областями подготовки сильных землетрясений или интенсификации тектонической активности. В англоязычной литературе можно найти более лаконичное называние «earthquakeclouds». Несмотря на достаточно богатую литературу по этому вопросу, до сих пор остается не выясненной физическая при- рода ЛОА. Цель работы. Именно выяснения физического механизма формирования ЛОА перед землетря- сениями приставляет собой наиболее актуальную задачу. В данной работе мы делаем шаг впередв данном направлении, потому что основной целью нашего исследования является поиск источников формирова- ния ЛОА. Методы исследования. Нами получены экспериментальные доказательства, что ЛОА всех типов имеют зародышевые структуры в нижней атмосфере на уровне порядка 100 м от поверхности Земли, что доказывает связь генезиса ЛОА с процессами, инициируемыми в земной коре. Источником информации, используемой для проверки процессов формирования ЛОА, являются метеорологические данные, полу- чаемые из ассимилятивной модели GEOSFP, получаемые вблизи поверхности земли. Результаты работы. Сделана попытка проследить генезис ЛОА от поверхности земли до уровня сформировавшейся облач- ной структуры, и предложен физический механизм генерации ЛОА, в том числе поддержания их геоме- трической линейности в условиях турбулентной атмосферы. Данная работа была задумана совместно с ушедшим от нас А. В. Николаевым, мы постараемся включить в работу всё, что обсуждалось с ним при её подготовке, в том числе с учетом его принципиального мнения, что «неясность физических принципов не может быть причиной недоверия к экспериментальным результатам». Ключевые слова: линейные облачные аномалии, землетрясение, облачная гряда, прогноз землетря- сений An attempt is made in present paper to generalize the results of observations of the not yet fully understood phenomenon, usually called “linear cloud anomalies” (LCA), observed over the areas of impending strong earthquakes or intensification of tectonic activity. In the English-language literature, you can find a more concise name “earthquake clouds”. Despite the fairly rich literature on this issue, the physical nature of LСA remains unclear. Aim. It is the identificationof the physical mechanism of the formation of LCA before earthquakes that is the most urgent problem. In this work, we take a step forward in this direction, because the main aim of our study is to find the sources for the formation of LCA. Methods. We have obtained experimental evidence that LCA of all types have embryonic structures in the lower atmosphere at a level of about 100 m from the Earth’s surface, which proves the connection between the LCA genesis and the processes initiated in the earth’s crust. The source of information used to verify the formation of LCA is the meteorological data obtained near the earth’s surface from the assimilative model GEOS FP. Results. An attempt is made to trace the genesis of LСA from the earth’s surface to the level of the formed cloud structure, and a physical mechanism for the generation of LСA is proposed, including maintaining their geometric linearity under conditions of a turbulent atmosphere. This work was conceived together with A. V. Nikolaev, we will try to include in the work everything that was discussed with him during its preparation, including his principled opinion that “the lack of clarity of physical principles cannot be the reason for distrust of experimental results

Systematics of the palisade trapdoor spiders (Euoplos) of south-eastern Queensland (Araneae : Mygalomorphae : Idiopidae): four new species distinguished by their burrow entrance architecture

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy D. Wilson ◽  
Michael G. Rix ◽  
Robert J. Raven ◽  
Daniel J. Schmidt ◽  
Jane M. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Short Range ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
Nuclear Markers ◽  
Mitochondrial Markers ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Burrow Entrance ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Level Identification

Within the spiny trapdoor spider genus Euoplos Rainbow exists a group of species from south-eastern Queensland that create unusual ‘palisade’ burrow entrances. Despite their intriguing burrows, the group was only recently circumscribed, and all species within it were undescribed. In this study, by undertaking a molecular phylogenetic analysis of two mitochondrial markers and seven nuclear markers, we confirm that the palisade trapdoor spiders, here formally named the ‘turrificus-group’, are monophyletic. We further recognise four species based on morphological, molecular and behavioural characters: E. crenatus, sp. nov., E. goomboorian, sp. nov., E. thynnearum, sp. nov. and E. turrificus, sp. nov. Morphological taxonomic data for each species are presented alongside information on their distribution, habitat preferences and burrow architecture. A key to species within the turrificus-group is also provided. The unusual burrow entrances of these spiders, which project out from the surrounding substrate, are found to exhibit structural autapomorphies, which allow species-level identification. Consequently, we include features of burrow architecture in our key and species diagnoses. This provides a non-intrusive method for distinguishing species in the field. Finally, we conclude that all species within the turrificus-group are likely to represent short-range endemic taxa. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F2E042DC-DA14-4751-A48B-A367ABC272D9

scholarly journals Contrasting spatial patterns of taxonomic and functional richness offer insights into potential loss of ecosystem services

2009 ◽  
Vol 364 (1524) ◽  
pp. 1683-1692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme S. Cumming ◽  
Matthew F. Child
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Taxonomic Richness ◽  
Response Diversity ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Functional Richness ◽  
Species Area

Functional and trophic perspectives on patterns of species occurrences have the potential to offer new and interesting insights into a range of spatially explicit problems in ecology and conservation. We present the function–area relationship (FAR) and explore linkages between functional and taxonomic species richness for South African birds. We first used beak morphology to classify a subset of 151 South African bird species into 18 functional groups and calculated both the species–area relationship and the FAR at quarter-degree resolution for South Africa. The relationship between functional and taxonomic richness by cell was quadratic rather than linear, with considerable scatter around the curve. We next looked at the spatial relationships between taxonomic diversity and response diversity (i.e. diversity within functional groups) using an a priori categorization of nearly all South African birds into nine functional groups. The spatial distribution of response richness also showed considerable variation in relation to taxonomic richness. Our results demonstrate a novel approach to linking taxonomic, functional and trophic patterns in space and suggest a way in which conservation planning, which has traditionally had a taxonomic focus, could formally incorporate a more functional and food-web-based approach.

scholarly journals Illuminating species diversity of nudibranch in Indonesian coral reef ecosystem using molecular identification

2021 ◽  
Vol 944 (1) ◽  
pp. 012033
Author(s):  
I G W D Dharmawan ◽  
D G Bengen ◽  
I Setyobudiandi ◽  
B Subhan ◽  
I Verawati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase ◽  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Interspecific Genetic Distance ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Source Of Information

Abstract Nudibranch has high species diversity with complex morphological characters and is challenging to identify at the species level. The lack of knowledge about nudibranchs makes it difficult to identify conventionally using morphological characters. This study aims to identify nudibranchs at the species level using the DNA barcoding method from the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 (CO1) gen. The results of DNA barcoding using the Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) gene showed 18 species of 51 samples analyzed. The phylogenetic tree reconstruction revealed 11 main clades belonging to 11 genera. The genetic distance between and within species clearly shows the difference between individuals. Interspecific genetic distance shows the lowest value between species was found between Chromodoris annae and Chromodoris magnifica is 0.075, and the largest genetic distance observed between species Glossodoris rufomarginata and Tritonidae sp is 0.354. This study shows molecular analysis can be used to identify nudibranch up to species level, which will be a source of information in knowing the distribution and the genetic distance.

scholarly journals Taxonomic Diversity Hidden Inside the Mantle of Octopus Vulgaris: Valuable Source of Information

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alba Jurado-Ruzafa ◽  
Verónica Duque-Nogal ◽  
M. Nazaret Carrasco ◽  
Marcos González-Porto ◽  
José González-Jiménez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Octopus Vulgaris ◽  
Valuable Source ◽  
Source Of Information

scholarly journals Influence of morphometric parameters of river basins on taxonomic richness of flora (by the example of the Tom river basin).

2020 ◽  
pp. 76-89
Author(s):  
R. T. Sheremetov ◽  
V. P. Galakhov
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
River Basins ◽  
River Network ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Taxonomic Structure ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Taxonomic Richness ◽  
Taxonomic Rank ◽  
Length Width

The article deals with methodological is-sues of studying the influence of morphometric parameters of model basins (size, nature of the river network, shape) of the Tom river on the taxonomic structure of flora. Taking into account significant differences in the morphometric of river basins, which determine the diversity of environmental conditions in the Tom river basin, 22 model basins were identified. Morphometric of model basins is deter-mined by 25 parameters characterizing the main sizes of basins (area, length, width, height, etc.), features of the river network (length and number of rivers, etc.), as well as various forms of river basins. The indicators of floristic wealth are accepted: the number of species, the number of genera and the number of model pool families. The author considers the conditionality of taxonomic diversity of flora by morphometric characteristics of basins for three levels-species, genus and family. Morphological parameters of model basins vary widely, which determines the diversity of plant habitats. However, the size, features of the river network and shape are not equivalent to the richness of the flora. Taxonomic richness at each level (species, genus and family) depends primarily on the morphometric of river basins. It is established that the altitude parameters are significant, especially the maximum height, the amplitude of the height or fall of the river, and the dependence is high (α = 0,05 df = 20). The nature of the river network and the shape of the basins for taxonomic richness are not essential. The most important morphometric features of basins by the number of taxa of different hierarchical ranks include the same set of parameters of the basin, primarily the height and their maximum values, the amplitude of fluctuations in the height or fall of the river. At the species level, the significance of other parameters is much lower. A similar relationship is obtained at the genus and family levels. This changes not only the proximity of the relationship with the change in taxonomic rank, but also the number of the most significant morphometric parameters. The article contains 10 Tables, 27 References.

scholarly journals The Hintons’ legacy to the knowledge of the flora of Mexico

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 447
Author(s):  
George S. Hinton ◽  
José Luis Villaseñor ◽  
Enrique Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Complete List ◽  
Flora Of Mexico ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Species Study

<p><em>Background</em>: The Hinton family comprises three generations of plant collectors that have made an important contribution to the knowledge of the flora of Mexico. They have collected in 13 Mexican states and have provided material for the description of 8 genera and about 555 species new to science.</p><p><em>Question</em>: What is the contribution of the collections of the Hintons to our knowledge of the flora of Mexico? Where was their main collecting effort and how many species have been recorded?</p><p><em>Species study</em>: Vascular plants</p><p><em>Study site</em>: Mexico</p><p><em>Method</em>: Different national and foreign databases were consulted and a list of species collected by the Hintons was obtained. The records were reviewed to eliminate synonymy and a complete list of species and their distribution by states was compiled.</p><p><em>Results</em>: A total of 28,947 records were obtained and 25,717 of them were identified to species level. In addition to the family's collection, the herbaria with the largest number of records are LL-TEX, K, IEB, and MEXU. The records come from about 2,752 different collecting localities throughout Mexico and account for 5,730 species, 1,573 genera, and 233 families.</p><p><em>Conclusions</em>: Many of the specimens collected by the Hintons come from areas that are still  underexplored today. The contribution of the Hinton family to the knowledge of the flora of Mexico represents an important legacy and their collections constitute an enduring source of information for people interested in the flora of Mexico<em>.</em></p>

scholarly journals Some new evidence on the physical nature of plant nuclei from intra-specific polyploids

1935 ◽  
Vol 118 (811) ◽  
pp. 522-547 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Nature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fibrillar Structure ◽  
Text Book ◽  
Living Nucleus ◽  
Living State ◽  
Morphological Approach ◽  
Detailed Interpretation ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Source Of Information

The object of this paper is to make clear certain facts regarding the resting nuclei and mitotic phenomena of plants. These facts are of material importance to both experimental and morphological cytologists, but so far do not seem to have been clearly appreciated by either. Indeed, the extreme diversity of outlook between the two branches of what should be one science may easily be shown by a simple quotation from current text-books of each. Thus Gray (1931), on p. 122 of his “ Text-Book of Experimental Cytology,” remarks: “ Since all nuclei exhibit a visible granular or fibrillar structure after coagulative fixation, it is generally supposed that the structures seen as preserved preparations or in moribund nuclei are to be regarded as purely artificial products of coagulation, which cannot be correlated with the fundamental structure of a living nucleus. This view, developed many years ago by Hardy, is now accepted by the majority of animal cytologists.” Sharp, on the other hand, in the new edition of the “ Introduction to Cytology ” (1934), on p. 54, remarks: “ These results [from plants], together with the analogous findings of Chambers on the prophases in animal spermatocytes, indicate that the reticulum appearing in a well-fixed nucleus fairly represents a delicate thready structure actually present during life and rendered more distinctly visible by fixation.” While admitting, as will be shown, the inadequacy of the “ reticulum ” conception as a complete description of any nucleus, it must be confessed that the entirely negative view of “ the majority of animal cytologists ” comes as nothing less than a shock to anyone familiar with the degree of precision and certainty of which plant cytology is becoming increasingly capable. This precision is generally recognized where it concerns the morphology and behaviour of chromosomes in the definitive state. To deny all validity to the morphological approach to the resting nucleus appears, in contrast, both unjustified and undesirable. It is undesirable, owing to the very obscurity of most nuclei in the living state; a state so difficult to observe and interpret that every possible source of information should be exploited. That such excess of caution is also unjustified may perhaps become more apparent from the new evidence to be presented. This admittedly deals with dead cells, but the type of reasoning is such that it does not depend for its validity on the detailed interpretation of fixation alone. It may therefore help to bridge the gap between the morphological and experimental fields of observation.

Immature stages of the rose chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae): a historical overview

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3323 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETR ŠÍPEK ◽  
DAVID KRÁL
Keyword(s):  
Species Level ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
The Rose ◽  
Source Of Information

Immature stages of holometabolous insects represent a useful source of information for phylogenetic studies. However,knowledge about immature stages of insects is generally poor. This paper presents a historical overview on the study ofimmature Cetoniinae and provides an up-to-date list of 194 so far described taxa at the species level. Most immature stagesare described for the Cetoniini. Larvae of Microvalgini, Taenioderini, and Phaediminini are unknown, while the larvae of Platygeniini need to be redescribed.

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