The development process of the Korean coastal mountain range: Examination from spatial distribution of knickzones

2020 ◽  
pp. 030913332097565
Author(s):  
Jongmin Byun ◽  
Kyungrock Paik
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Quasi Equilibrium ◽  
Current Form ◽  
Progressive Development ◽  
Tectonic History ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Coastal Mountain

Along the eastern margin of the Korean Peninsula, a coastal mountain range spanning over 800 km with summits above 1500 m faces the East Sea (or Sea of Japan), the back-arc sea behind the Japanese Islands. Two contrasting hypotheses exist regarding the tectonic history of this coastal mountain range: long-lasting and progressive uplifts from the Early Tertiary to the Late Quaternary, and a short and intensive uplift during the Early Miocene. However, to date, no consensus has been reached. Here, we studied the spatial distribution of knickzones to understand the formation period and development pattern of this coastal mountain range. We extracted the knickzones in a drainage basin from digital elevation models, and investigated whether or not they are transient knickzones induced by the development of the coastal mountain range. We found that all identified knickzones were stationary, which was verified by slope-area and chi-elevation analyses. This implies that sufficient time has passed for all transient knickzones relevant to the growth of the mountain range to migrate up to the catchment boundary and disappear. We then calculated the time spent for the migration of transient knickzones from the outlet to their stream heads to be at least 5.1 to 10.6 Myr. Therefore, our results suggest that the current form of the coastal mountain range had been built at least before 5.1 Myr ago and has reached a quasi-equilibrium state up to the present, thus invalidating the prevailing hypothesis of the long-lasting and progressive development until the Late Quaternary.

Late Quaternary river terraces in the Central Mountain Range of Taiwan: A study of cover sediments across a terrace section along the Tachia River

2012 ◽  
Vol 263 ◽  
pp. 26-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Wenske ◽  
Manfred Frechen ◽  
Margot Böse ◽  
Tony Reimann ◽  
Chia-Han Tseng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
River Terraces

The Vegetation of a Coastal Mountain Range

Ecology ◽  
1927 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Forrest Shreve
Keyword(s):  
Mountain Range ◽  
Coastal Mountain

scholarly journals Use of Wyoming Southern Bighorn Mountains Topographic Map Evidence to Test a Recently Proposed Regional Geomorphology Paradigm: USA

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Eric Clausen
Keyword(s):  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Water Source ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Topographic Map ◽  
The South ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
River Drainage ◽  
North Fork ◽  
Bighorn Mountains

Detailed topographic maps covering a high elevation Bighorn-Powder River drainage divide segment in the southern Bighorn Mountains are used to test a recently proposed regional geomorphology paradigm. Fundamentally different from the commonly accepted paradigm the new paradigm predicts immense south-oriented continental ice sheet melt water floods once flowed across what is now the entire Missouri River drainage basin, in which the high Bighorn Mountains are located. Such a possibility is incompatible with commonly accepted paradigm expectations and previous investigators have interpreted Bighorn Mountains geomorphic history quite differently. The paradigm test began in the high glaciated Bighorn Mountains core area where numerous passes, or divide crossings, indicate multiple and sometimes closely spaced streams of water once flowed across what is now the Bighorn-Powder River drainage divide. To the south of the glaciated area, but still in a Precambrian bedrock region, the test found the roughly adjacent and parallel south-oriented North Fork Powder River and Canyon Creek headwaters located on opposite sides of the Bighorn-Powder River drainage divide with North Fork Powder River headwaters closely linked to a 300-meter deep pass through which south-oriented water had probably flowed. Shallower divide crossings located further to the south suggest diverging and converging streams of water once flowed not only across the Bighorn-Powder River drainage divide, but also across Powder River and Bighorn River tributary drainage divides. The paradigm test also found published geologic maps and reports showing the presence of possible flood transported and deposited alluvium. While unable to determine the water source, the new paradigm test did find evidence that large south-oriented floods had crossed what was probably a rising Bighorn Mountains mountain range.

scholarly journals Erosion assessment in the middle Kali Gandaki (Nepal): A sediment budget approach

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monique Fort ◽  
Etienne Cossart
Keyword(s):  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Sediment Budget ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Stream Power ◽  
Sediment Budgets ◽  
Relative Chronology ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of

Active mountains supply the largest sediment fluxes experienced on earth. At mountain range scale, remote sensing approaches, sediments provenance or stream power law analyses, collectively provide rough long-term estimates of total erosion. Erosion is indeed controlled by rock uplift and climate, hence by a wide range of processes (detachment, transport and deposition), all operating within drainage basin units, yet with time and spatial patterns that are quite complex at local scale. We focus on the Kali Gandaki valley, along the gorge section across the Higher Himalaya (e.g. from Kagbeni down to Tatopani). Along this reach, we identify sediment sources, stores and sinks, and consider hillslope int eractions with valley floor, in particular valley damming at short and longer time scales, and their impact on sediment budgets and fluxes. A detailed sediment budget is presented, constrained by available dates and/or relative chronology, ranging from several 10 kyr to a few decades. Obtained results span over two orders of magnitude that can best be explained by the type and magnitude of erosional processes involved. We show that if large landslides contribute significantly to the denudation history of active mountain range, more frequent medium to small scales landslides are in fact of primary concern for Himalayan population.

scholarly journals Μορφοτεκτονική μελέτη της ευρύτερης περιοχής Θεσ/νίκης για τη χαρτογράφηση νεοτεκτονικών ρηγμάτων.

2005 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Α. ΖΕΡΒΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ ◽  
Σ. ΠΑΥΛΙΔΗΣ
Keyword(s):  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Digital Elevation Models ◽  
Active Faults ◽  
Gradient Index ◽  
Stream Length ◽  
Drainage Patterns ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Mountain Front ◽  
Morphotectonic Indices

At this paper studied the neotectonic active faults of the broader area of Thessaloniki with morphotectonic criteria. We have studied three main faults of Anthemounta, Asvestophori and Pylaia - Panorama with the contribution of cartography, digital elevation models, drainage patterns, and the morphotectonic indices like drainage basin asymmetry, mountain front sinuosity, knick points and stream length-gradient index. Those faults show elements of activity.

scholarly journals Drainage Basin of Lake Kivu in the Western Rift of East Africa and Hazards Potential

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Kakonkwe ◽  
D. E. Rwabuhungu ◽  
M. Biryabarema
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Landslide Hazard ◽  
Mass Wasting ◽  
Landslide Hazards ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Lake Kivu ◽  
Elevation Data ◽  
Digital Elevation Data ◽  
Land Sliding

A series of ArcGIS-generated maps were applied in analysing the potential for flooding and landslide hazards within the Lake Kivu drainage basin. This study was carried out using digital elevation data of the basin. The Kivu drainage basin encompasses an area of 7,382 km2. Sediment and water supply to Lake Kivu originate mostly from its eastern hinterland. The distribution of land sliding potentiality in the drainage basin shows that the northern and the southern portions of the basin are the ones with relatively low risk of land sliding, whereas the rift shoulders are most prone to land sliding. Mass wasting on slopes has the potential to grade downstream into debris and mudflows, promoting in turn further erosion and flooding. Keywords: drainage, Kivu, Africa, flooding, landslide, hazard

scholarly journals Topographic Anaglyphs from Detailed Digital Elevation Models Covering Inland and Seafloor for the Tectonic Geomorphology Studies in and around Yoron Island, Ryukyu Arc, Japan

Geosciences ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideaki Goto ◽  
Kohsaku Arai ◽  
Taichi Sato
Keyword(s):  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Active Faults ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Stress Axis ◽  
Tectonic Geomorphology ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
The North ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Ryukyu Arc ◽  
Island Shelf

Anaglyphs produced using a digital elevation model (DEM) are effective to identify the characteristic tectono–geomorphic features. The objective of this study is to reinvestigate the tectonic geomorphology and to present novel tectonic maps of the late Quaternary in and around the Yoron island based on the interpretation of extensive topographical anaglyphs along the map areas that cover the inland and seafloor. Vintage aerial photographs are used to produce the 3-m mesh inland digital surface model (DSM); further, the 0.6-s to 2-s-mesh seafloor DEM is processed using the cloud point data generated through previous surveys. Thus, we identify anticlinal deformation on both the Pleistocene marine terrace and the seafloor to the north of the island. The deformation axis extends in a line and is parallel to the general trend of the island shelf. The Tsujimiya fault cuts the marine terraces, which extend to the Yoron basin’s seafloor. If we assume that the horizontal compressive stress axis is perpendicular to the island shelf, these properties can easily explain the distribution and style of the active faults and deformation. This study presents an effective methodology to understand the island arc tectonics, especially in case of small isolated islands.

Past and future sky-island dynamics of tropical mountains: A model for two Geotrupes (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae) species in Oaxaca, Mexico

The Holocene ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 1462-1470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonsina Arriaga-Jiménez ◽  
Bert Kohlmann ◽  
Lorenzo Vázquez-Selem ◽  
Yhenner Umaña ◽  
Matthias Rös
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Process ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Continuous Distribution ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Tropical Mountains ◽  
Quaternary Glaciation ◽  
Mountain System ◽  
Genetic Differentiation Of Populations ◽  
Sky Island

Recent collecting and taxonomic studies of dung beetles of the genus Geotrupes Latreille (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae) in the mountains of Oaxaca have evidenced the existence of a vicariant speciation pattern, where one species occupies the northern mountain system and the other one the southern mountain range. A study of this possible vicariant speciation mechanism is presented using a paleobiogeographic mapping analysis of both Geotrupes species distribution during Late Quaternary glaciation events. Based on these paleomaps a possible speciation mechanism (vicariant speciation) is suggested, in which one common ancestor (mother species) lived at the bottom of the Valle de Oaxaca (Oaxaca Valley) during the last local glacial maximum (LLGM, 21-17.5 kyr) and whose possible continuous distribution was broken into two (or more) separated areas on mountaintops as the climate became warmer toward the present. We propose that the fragmentation and isolation of habitats may have promoted genetic differentiation of populations resulting in vicariant speciation, as suggested by a sky-island dynamic process. The example of a possible effect of the Little Ice Age in the mountains of Oaxaca is also discussed. Finally, a projection is made into the XXII century, based on climatic modeling predictions. These last results suggest the possible disappearance of the sky-island dynamic process through the accelerated speed of climatic change.

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