scholarly journals Defining the design requirements for an assistive powered hand exoskeleton: A pilot explorative interview study and case series

2020 ◽  
pp. 030936462096394
Author(s):  
Quinn A Boser ◽  
Michael R Dawson ◽  
Jonathon S Schofield ◽  
Gwen Y Dziwenko ◽  
Jacqueline S Hebert
Keyword(s):  
Hand Function ◽  
Case Series ◽  
End User ◽  
Specific Design ◽  
Device Development ◽  
Rehabilitation Technology ◽  
User Design ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
Hand Exoskeleton ◽  
New Criteria

Background: Powered hand exoskeletons are an emerging technology that have shown promise in assisting individuals with impaired hand function. A number of hand exoskeleton designs have been described in the literature; however, the majority have not been supported by patient-oriented criteria. Objective: The aim of this study was to define preliminary end-user needs and expectations for an assistive hand exoskeleton. Study design: Explorative interview and case series. Methods: Six clinicians and eight individuals with impaired hand function were interviewed in small groups or individually. A standardized list of questions was used to elicit feedback on specific design criteria or promote the discovery of new criteria. In addition, three participants with impaired hand function returned for a second session where hand characteristics, such as range of motion and force required to flex/extend fingers, were recorded to further quantify design requirements. Results: Interview responses indicated that there was general consensus among participants on criteria relating to important grasp patterns, grip strength, wear time, and acceptable bulk/weight. However, interview responses and hand characteristics also revealed important differences between individuals with impaired hand function. Conclusion: Qualitative and quantitative data were collected to develop an understanding of end-user design requirements for assistive hand exoskeletons. Although the data collected were helpful in identifying some preliminary criteria, differences between participants exist and identifying a universal set of criteria applicable across individuals with impaired hand function is challenging. This work reinforces the importance of involving users of rehabilitation technology in the device development process.

scholarly journals Defining the design requirements for an assistive powered hand exoskeleton

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quinn A Boser ◽  
Michael R Dawson ◽  
Jonathon S Schofield ◽  
Gwen Dziwenko ◽  
Jacqueline S Hebert
Keyword(s):  
Technology Development ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Hand Function ◽  
End Users ◽  
Design Criteria ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
Hand Exoskeleton ◽  
Hand Impairment ◽  
Exoskeleton Device

The goal of this study was to identify design criteria for the development of an assistive powered hand exoskeleton by consulting with potential end users. Structured interviews with clinicians and patients with hand impairment were carried out and the results were tabulated. Three participants with impaired hand function also underwent a quantitative measurement session regarding hand function. The objective of the measurement sessions was to understand the characteristics, abilities and limitations of the upper limb of individuals who could benefit from a hand exoskeleton device, in order to better define design criteria and control options for such a device. For the most part, clinicians and participants with hand impairment agreed on expectations for a hand exoskeleton device on topics including important grasp patterns, wear time, and grip strength. However, their expectation seemed to diverge on the topic of control, where clinicians felt simple reliable control strategies would be preferred, but patients desired intuitive control. This research has identified key features of hand exoskeleton design requirements that will need to be met in order to have acceptable clinical translation to patient populations. Including end-users in the design of such a device is essential for successful patient-oriented technology development.

scholarly journals Mapping value sensitive design onto AI for social good principles

AI and Ethics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Umbrello ◽  
Ibo van de Poel
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Use Case ◽  
Value Sensitive Design ◽  
Specific Design ◽  
Established Method ◽  
Social Good ◽  
Do No Harm ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
Whole Life Cycle

AbstractValue sensitive design (VSD) is an established method for integrating values into technical design. It has been applied to different technologies and, more recently, to artificial intelligence (AI). We argue that AI poses a number of challenges specific to VSD that require a somewhat modified VSD approach. Machine learning (ML), in particular, poses two challenges. First, humans may not understand how an AI system learns certain things. This requires paying attention to values such as transparency, explicability, and accountability. Second, ML may lead to AI systems adapting in ways that ‘disembody’ the values embedded in them. To address this, we propose a threefold modified VSD approach: (1) integrating a known set of VSD principles (AI4SG) as design norms from which more specific design requirements can be derived; (2) distinguishing between values that are promoted and respected by the design to ensure outcomes that not only do no harm but also contribute to good, and (3) extending the VSD process to encompass the whole life cycle of an AI technology to monitor unintended value consequences and redesign as needed. We illustrate our VSD for AI approach with an example use case of a SARS-CoV-2 contact tracing app.

scholarly journals Improvement of hand functions of spinal cord injury patients with electromyography-driven hand exoskeleton: A feasibility study

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youngmok Yun ◽  
Youngjin Na ◽  
Paria Esmatloo ◽  
Sarah Dancausse ◽  
Alfredo Serrato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Standardized Test ◽  
Hand Function ◽  
Severe Disabilities ◽  
Finger Movements ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Hand Exoskeleton

Abstract We have developed a one-of-a-kind hand exoskeleton, called Maestro, which can power finger movements of those surviving severe disabilities to complete daily tasks using compliant joints. In this paper, we present results from an electromyography (EMG) control strategy conducted with spinal cord injury (SCI) patients (C5, C6, and C7) in which the subjects completed daily tasks controlling Maestro with EMG signals from their forearm muscles. With its compliant actuation and its degrees of freedom that match the natural finger movements, Maestro is capable of helping the subjects grasp and manipulate a variety of daily objects (more than 15 from a standardized set). To generate control commands for Maestro, an artificial neural network algorithm was implemented along with a probabilistic control approach to classify and deliver four hand poses robustly with three EMG signals measured from the forearm and palm. Increase in the scores of a standardized test, called the Sollerman hand function test, and enhancement in different aspects of grasping such as strength shows feasibility that Maestro can be capable of improving the hand function of SCI subjects.

Constructing End-User Design Environments

1997 ◽  
pp. 537-541
Author(s):  
Richard B. Beeby ◽  
John G. Gammack ◽  
Malcolm K. Crowe
Keyword(s):  
End User ◽  
Design Environments ◽  
User Design

Investigation of Nozzle on Knuckle Region of Dished Head

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujay S. Pathre ◽  
Ameya M. Mathkar ◽  
Shyam Gopalakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Stress Pattern ◽  
Design Specification ◽  
Specific Location ◽  
Bending Effect ◽  
Division 1 ◽  
User Design ◽  
Asme Code ◽  
Section Viii ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
Induced Stresses

Abstract ASME Code Section VIII Division 1 [1] provides rules for the shape of openings, size of openings, strength and design of openings, however, the existing rules do not provide any restrictions on the specific location of the nozzle on the dished head knuckle region. Many corporate guidelines/ user design requirements meant for pressure vessel design and specification suggest avoiding placement of any type of nozzle in the knuckle area of a dished head and generally state in their design specification to limit the placement of a nozzle including its reinforcement within the crown area. This applies to Torispherical and Ellipsoidal dished heads. Code [1] rule UG-37(a) provides the benefit in reinforcement by reducing the required thickness (tr) of the dished head when the nozzle is in the spherical portion of the dished head for the Ellipsoidal and Torispherical dished head. High stresses occur in the knuckle region of the dished head due to the edge bending effect caused as the cylinder and head try to deform in different directions. For various reasons the user design requirements insist on placing the nozzle in the knuckle region, further compounding the complexity of the stress pattern in the knuckle area. The work carried out in this paper was an attempt to check whether it is safe to locate a nozzle in the knuckle region of the dished head since the knuckle portion is generally subjected to higher stresses in comparison to the crown portion of a dished head and the Code [1] and [2] does not impose any restrictions for the placement of nozzles in the knuckle region. Also, in this paper an attempt was made to evaluate the induced stresses when equivalent sizes of nozzles are placed in the crown as well as the knuckle portion of the dished head.

scholarly journals An Instrumented Glove-Controlled Portable Hand-Exoskeleton for Bilateral Hand Rehabilitation

Biosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 495
Author(s):  
Shih-Hung Yang ◽  
Chia-Lin Koh ◽  
Chun-Hang Hsu ◽  
Po-Chuan Chen ◽  
Jia-Wei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Daily Living ◽  
Hand Function ◽  
Hand Movement ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Hand Rehabilitation ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Instrumented Glove ◽  
Flexible Mechanism ◽  
Hand Exoskeleton

Effective bilateral hand training is desired in rehabilitation programs to restore hand function for people with unilateral hemiplegia, so that they can perform daily activities independently. However, owing to limited human resources, the hand function training available in current clinical settings is significantly less than the adequate amount needed to drive optimal neural reorganization. In this study, we designed a lightweight and portable hand exoskeleton with a hand-sensing glove for bilateral hand training and home-based rehabilitation. The hand-sensing glove measures the hand movement of the less-affected hand using a flex sensor. Thereafter, the affected hand is driven by the hand exoskeleton using the measured hand movements. Compared with the existing hand exoskeletons, our hand exoskeleton improves the flexible mechanism for the back of the hand for better wearing experience and the thumb mechanism to make the pinch gesture possible. We designed a virtual reality game to increase the willingness of repeated movement practice for rehabilitation. Our system not only facilitates bilateral hand training but also assists in activities of daily living. This system could be beneficial for patients with hemiplegia for starting correct and sufficient hand function training in the early stages to optimize their recovery.

scholarly journals Onplant Use for Orthodontic Anchorage Reinforcement

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Aslam Alkadhimi ◽  
Aslam Alkadhimi ◽  
John Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Information Gain ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Orthodontic Anchorage ◽  
Design Features ◽  
Specific Design ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Bone Anchorage

Introduction: In 1995, Block and Hoffman reported the successful use of a subperiosteal disk (onplant) to reinforce orthodontic anchorage in an experimental study in dogs and monkeys. It was concluded that onplants provide sufficient anchorage to successfully move and anchor teeth. Aims: The aim of this article is to discuss the development of onplant, key design features, clinical indications for use as well as any available supporting evidence. Methods: Review of the literature was carried out using the following search methods: MEDLINE and EMBASE. The search was focused on various keywords including: "onplant", "bone anchorage device" and "subperiosteal disk", which were conducted on studies published until January 2020. Results: Evidence from clinical studies is scarce, a total of 9 related papers were retrieved from the literature (2 animal studies, 3 RCTs, 2 case series and 2 case reports). All types of study designs were included in the summary to maximize potential information gain. Conclusion: In this article, we reviewed the development of onplant and outlined the general design features as well as specific design features. The onplant is no longer available in the market given that it never gained acceptance among the orthodontic community and its use is almost obsolete.

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