The diagnostic role for susceptibility-weighted MRI during sporadic hemiplegic migraine

Cephalalgia ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (15) ◽  
pp. 1258-1263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin M Fedak ◽  
Nicholas A Zumberge ◽  
Geoffrey L Heyer
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Hemiplegic Migraine ◽  
Motor Weakness ◽  
Conventional Mri ◽  
Mri Features ◽  
Diagnostic Role ◽  
Mri Sequences ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Background Hemiplegic migraine is a rare form of migraine with aura that includes motor weakness. Diagnosis during the first episode can be difficult to make and costly, especially with the sporadic form. Cases Our study evaluates the ictal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of four sequential pediatric patients during a first-time, sporadic hemiplegic migraine. Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) revealed cerebral venous prominence and increased magnetic susceptibility affecting brain regions that corresponded with each patient’s neurologic deficits. Repeat MRI (performed in three patients) following migraine recovery demonstrated resolution of all susceptibility abnormalities. Conclusion When combined with conventional MRI sequences, SWI has diagnostic value in the acute setting of motor weakness and with clinical features consistent with hemiplegic migraine. The sequence may help to further characterize ictal cerebral blood flow changes during the hemiplegic migraine aura.

scholarly journals Radiomic prediction models for the level of Ki-67 and p53 in glioma

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 030006052091446
Author(s):  
Xiaojun Sun ◽  
Peipei Pang ◽  
Lin Lou ◽  
Qi Feng ◽  
Zhongxiang Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Models ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Malignant Tumours ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Immunohistochemical Markers ◽  
Conventional Mri ◽  
Mri Features ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Objective To identify glioma radiomic features associated with proliferation-related Ki-67 antigen and cellular tumour antigen p53 levels, common immunohistochemical markers for differentiating benign from malignant tumours, and to generate radiomic prediction models. Methods Patients with glioma, who were scanned before therapy using standard brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocols on T1 and T2 weighted imaging, were included. For each patient, regions-of-interest (ROI) were drawn based on tumour and peritumoral areas (5/10/15/20 mm), and features were identified using feature calculations, and used to create and assess logistic regression models for Ki-67 and p53 levels. Results A total of 92 patients were included. The best area under the curve (AUC) for the Ki-67 model was 0.773 for T2 weighted imaging in solid glioma (sensitivity, 0.818; specificity, 0.833), followed by a less reliable AUC of 0.773 (sensitivity, 0.727; specificity 0.667) in 20-mm peritumoral areas. The highest AUC for the p53 model was 0.709 (sensitivity, 1; specificity, 0.4) for T2 weighted imaging in 10-mm peritumoral areas. Conclusion Using T2-weighted imaging, the prediction model for Ki-67 level in solid glioma tissue was better than the p53 model. The 20-mm and 10-mm peritumoral areas in the Ki-67 and p53 model, respectively, showed predictive effects, suggesting value in further research into areas without conventional MRI features.

Diagnostic Challenges in Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (03) ◽  
pp. 185-191
Author(s):  
Brenda Banwell ◽  
Anusha Yeshokumar
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Mri Features ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Mog Antibodies ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

AbstractThis review highlights the most common presentations of demyelination of the central nervous system (CNS, termed acquired demyelinating syndrome) in children, the difficulty in determining whether the first episode represents a monophasic/transient illness or relapsing disease, and the potential underlying etiologies that must be considered, including multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), and disorders associated with antibodies to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies. The initial clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features, as well as those observed over time, are highlighted, emphasizing the distinct and overlapping features of each of these disorders.

FC07-03 - Neurological soft signs and morphological changes of basal ganglia and thalamus in patients with first-episode psychosis

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1848-1848
Author(s):  
D. Hirjak ◽  
B. Stieltjes ◽  
K.H. Fritzsche ◽  
T. Wüstenberg ◽  
U. Seidl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Neurological Soft Signs ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
Gender Education ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

ObjectivesMinor motor and sensory deficits or neurological soft signs (NSS) are frequently found in individuals suffering from schizophrenia at any stage of their illness. The basal ganglia and the thalamus are accepted as being important for both motor control and integration of sensory input. However, whether NSS are related to structural alterations of these brain regions remains controversial.Method20 patients with a first-episode psychosis were investigated using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 3 Tesla. NSS were examined on the Heidelberg Scale after remission of acute symptoms and correlated with volume and shape of striatum, pallidum and thalamus by using sophisticated MRI analyses, namely VBM-DARTEL (volume) and FSL-FIRST (shape).Results NSS scores in patients with schizophrenia were significantly associated with volumetric changes and surface alterations in all investigated areas. Associations remained significant when controlling for age, gender, education, medication and intracranial volume.ConclusionOur findings lend further support for an involvement of the basal ganglia and the thalamus in NSS.

Abnormal MRI in a patient with ‘headache with neurological deficits and CSF lymphocytosis (HaNDL)’

Cephalalgia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 615-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Yilmaz ◽  
H Kaleagasi ◽  
O Dogu ◽  
E Kara ◽  
A Ozge
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Hemiplegic Migraine ◽  
Headache Episode ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Right ◽  
Similar Imaging

A 27-year-old woman was admitted to the Emergency Department with right upper-extremity numbness and mild weakness followed by a bifrontal throbbing headache for 30 min, which was similar to a headache lasting for 12 h that had occurred 3 days ago. Laboratory tests were unremarkable except for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lymphocytic pleocytosis. On the following day, a headache episode with left hemiparesis and hemihypoaesthesia, left hemifield visio-spatial inattention, anosagnosia and confusion recurred. The headache was diagnosed as headache and neurological deficits with cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytosis (HaNDL) syndrome according to the criteria of the second edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders. Simultaneously performed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed swelling of the grey matter, CSF enhancement in the sulci of the right temporal and occipital regions and hypoperfusion of the same brain regions. During the following 10 days two more similar episodes recurred and during the ensuing 12 months the patient remained headache free. Neuroimaging findings of the HaNDL syndrome are always thought as virtually normal. MRI abnormalities in our patient have not been reported in HaNDL syndrome previously, although they have been reported in hemiplegic migraine patients before. The findings in our case suggest that hemiplegic migraine and HaNDL syndrome may share a common pathophysiological pathway resulting in similar imaging findings and neurological symptoms.

The diagnostic accuracy of intravoxel incoherent motion and diffusion kurtosis imaging in the differentiation of malignant and benign soft-tissue masses: which is better?

2021 ◽  
pp. 028418512110175
Author(s):  
Yajie Liu ◽  
Zhenzhen Yin ◽  
Xiangwen Li ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Yuan Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Mean Diffusivity ◽  
Intravoxel Incoherent Motion ◽  
Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging ◽  
Conventional Mri ◽  
Mri Features ◽  
Soft Tissue Masses ◽  
Mri Sequences ◽  
Diffusion Kurtosis ◽  
And Diffusion

Background It is difficult for conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to distinguish benign soft-tissue masses (STMs) from malignant masses. Purpose To quantitatively compare the diagnostic value of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) in STMs. Material and Methods The data from 58 patients with STMs were retrospectively analyzed. The GE Discovery 3.0-T MRI scanner was used to acquire conventional MRI sequences, IVIM, and DKI images. The chi-square test, independent sample t-test, and Mann–Whitney U tests were used to compare the differences between conventional MRI features, IVIM, and DKI parameters (Dslow, Dfast, f, mean kurtosis [MK], and mean diffusivity [MD]) between the benign and malignant groups. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was also performed. Results Tumor size and depth are statistically different in STTs. Dslow, MK, and MD values in the malignant groups are significantly lower than the benign groups ( P < 0.05). However, Dfast and f values are not statistically different between the two groups. The area under the curve (AUC) of Dslow value (0.859) is higher than MD (0.765) and MK (0.676) values for identifying benign and malignant STMs. The Dslow value showed the best specificity (82.93%). The sensitivity and specificity of IVIM and DKI parameters are higher than that of conventional MRI sequences. Conclusion IVIM and DKI can be used to distinguish between benign and malignant STMs, with Dslow as the most meaningful parameter.

New imaging approaches for precision diagnosis and disease staging of MS?

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 568-575
Author(s):  
Jiwon Oh ◽  
Nancy L Sicotte
Keyword(s):  
Susceptibility Weighted Imaging ◽  
Central Vein ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Conventional Mri ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Disease Staging ◽  
Mri Sequences ◽  
Clinical Tools ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Specific Challenge

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has revolutionized the diagnosis and management of people living with multiple sclerosis (MS). However, conventional MRI sequences and measures currently used in clinical practice have limitations in the appropriate diagnosis, prediction of future disability, and monitoring of disease activity in MS. A specific challenge is the accurate and timely diagnosis of progressive subtypes of MS. This article will summarize emerging MRI measures that may be of utility as clinical tools in diagnosis and prediction in MS. Although a wide range of MRI techniques have different strengths and weaknesses, those that will be discussed in this article include the “central vein sign,” leptomeningeal inflammation/enhancement, conventional and quantitative spinal cord imaging, susceptibility-weighted imaging, and high-field MRI techniques. There are a number of novel and emerging MRI techniques that hold promise in improving diagnosis, prediction, and disease monitoring in MS.

Amygdala–hippocampal shape and cortical thickness abnormalities in first-episode schizophrenia and mania

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 1353-1363 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Qiu ◽  
S. C. Gan ◽  
Y. Wang ◽  
K. Sim
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Small Region ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Temporal Region ◽  
Subcortical Structures ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

BackgroundAbnormalities in cortical thickness and subcortical structures have been studied in schizophrenia but little is known about corresponding changes in mania and brain structural differences between these two psychiatric conditions, especially early in the stage of the illness. In this study we aimed to compare cortical thickness and shape of the amygdala–hippocampal complex in first-episode schizophrenia (FES) and mania (FEM).MethodStructural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on 28 FES patients, 28 FEM patients and 28 healthy control subjects who were matched for age, gender and handedness.ResultsOverall, the shape of the amygdala was deformed in both patient groups, relative to controls. Compared to FEM patients, FES patients had significant inward shape deformation in the left hippocampal tail, right hippocampal body and a small region in the right amygdala. Cortical thinning was more widespread in FES patients, with significant differences found in the temporal brain regions when compared with FEM and controls.ConclusionsSignificant differences were observed between the two groups of patients with FES and FEM in terms of the hippocampal shape and cortical thickness in the temporal region, highlighting that distinguishable brain structural changes are present early in the course of schizophrenia and mania.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Value of CT Arthrography for Evaluation of Osteochondral Lesions at the Ankle

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan S. Kirschke ◽  
Sepp Braun ◽  
Thomas Baum ◽  
Christian Holwein ◽  
Christoph Schaeffeler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interobserver Agreement ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Cartilage Defects ◽  
Osteochondral Lesions ◽  
Full Thickness ◽  
Ct Arthrography ◽  
Cartilage Lesions ◽  
Conventional Mri ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Background. To retrospectively determine the diagnostic value of computed tomography arthrography (CTA) of the ankle in the evaluation of (osteo)chondral lesions in comparison to conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and intraoperative findings. Methods. A total of N=79 patients had CTAs and MRI of the ankle; in 17/79 cases surgical reports with statements on cartilage integrity were available. Cartilage lesions and bony defects at talus and tibia were scored according to defect depth and size by two radiologists. Statistical analysis included sensitivity analyses and Cohen’s kappa calculations. Results. On CTA, 41/79 and 31/79 patients had full thickness cartilage defects at the talus and at the tibia, respectively. MRI was able to detect 54% of these defects. For the detection of full thickness cartilage lesions, interobserver agreement was substantial (0.72 ± 0.05) for CTA and moderate (0.55 ± 0.07) for MRI. In surgical reports, 88–92% and 46–62% of full thickness defects detected by CTA and MRI were described. CTA findings changed the further clinical management in 15.4% of cases. Conclusions. As compared to conventional MRI, CTA improves detection and visualization of cartilage defects at the ankle and is a relevant tool for treatment decisions in unclear cases.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document