Bosporus Bridge Toll Plaza in Istanbul, Turkey

2005 ◽  
Vol 1910 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-107
Author(s):  
Ismail Sahin ◽  
Güzin Akyıldız
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Management ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Electronic Payment ◽  
Traffic Flows ◽  
Peak Period ◽  
Payment Methods ◽  
Queue Lengths ◽  
Flow Changes ◽  
Toll Plaza ◽  
Afternoon Peak

The Bosporus Bridge in Istanbul, Turkey, is the first of the two highway crossings connecting Asia and Europe over the Bosporus Strait. Drivers must pay their toll in the Europe-to-Asia direction at a toll plaza comprising 15 lanes. Manual and electronic payment methods are available in the plaza. The analysis of data showed that several factors affect both the throughput of the plaza and the traffic flows approaching it. Among the factors were whether a particular toll lane was in service, the contraflow lane operation toward the plaza, the lane operators’ performance, and the queue lengths in the plaza area. Rescaled cumulative vehicle count curves were used as the analysis tool. This allowed observation of (a) flow changes at particular points along the section of the highway studied and (b) propagation of the kinematic waves upstream of the plaza. The observations could be used for improving the performance of the plaza and for traffic management decisions associated with the afternoon peak period.

scholarly journals A Before and After Analysis of the Impacts of the Inaguration of a New Metro Station in Naples

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Pagliara ◽  
Claudio Troisi ◽  
Luca Pelliccia
Keyword(s):  
Local Administration ◽  
Future Scenarios ◽  
Traffic Flows ◽  
Peak Period ◽  
Metro Station ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The One ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Afternoon Peak ◽  
Historical Centre

In this paper a before and after analysis of the impacts of the inauguration of a new metro station in Garibaldi square in Naples in Italy will be presented. This station is part of Line 1 and it was inaugurated in January 2014. Moreover, many interventions have been carried out in Garibaldi square, surrounding the station. Therefore a reorganization of the whole transportation system connecting this new strategic node was necessary. Two surveys have been undertaken with the objective of understanding these impacts. Indeed the first one aimed at identifying the present circulation scheme and the one induced by the inauguration of the station. The second one aimed at quantifying the entity of traffic flows in “critical points”, by counting the vehicles during peak periods. From these surveys, it has come out that in the peak morning period (7am-10am) 6,000 vehicles have been counted towards the rail node Garibaldi. This value decreases of almost 15% in the afternoon peak period (12am-3pm) as well as in the evening one (5pm-8pm). A simulation model has been implemented as well in order to estimate future scenarios promoted by the local administration. Indeed the access to the square and to the surrounding areas (where the CBD and the historical centre are placed) changes completely.

Identification of urban infrastructure objects using the remote satellite sensing of traffic flows on streets with irregular traffic

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
Alexander A. Testeshev ◽  
◽  
Tatyana G. Babich
Keyword(s):  
General Education ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Urban Infrastructure ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Analytical Determination ◽  
Traffic Flows ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Interpretation Of Satellite Images

The article deals with the problems of determining the intensity of traffic flows on streets and roads with irregular traffic for the purposes of design, heavy repair, reconstruction and traffic management. The impossibility of using existing monitoring methods at decentralized transport facilities and algorithms for decrypting remote satellite surveillance materials predetermined the necessity of developing a mathematical model within the framework of multifactor forecasting. During the studying of significant factors, the influence of variability in the population density and the capacity of general education facilities was investigated. Identification signs of educational institutions used in the interpretation of satellite images were obtained. The polynomial dependences of the traffic intensity on the specified characteristics were developed. The carried out correlation assessment allows us to talk about the high degree of reliability of results of analytical determination of intensity on the streets with irregular traffic.

Moving away from Money

2019 ◽  
pp. 136-152
Author(s):  
Harold L. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Payment ◽  
Payment Methods

This chapter discusses other electronic payment methods. It describes how these initially arose, and the encryption methods that make them possible. It explains how cryptocurrencies work.

17. Electronic payments and cryptocurrency

2019 ◽  
pp. 438-452
Author(s):  
Andrew Murray
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Commerce ◽  
Credit Cards ◽  
Legal Environment ◽  
Electronic Payment ◽  
Payment Systems ◽  
Considerable Time ◽  
Electronic Money ◽  
Electronic Payments ◽  
Payment Methods ◽  
Online Payment

This chapter examines online payment methods, including the use of tokens, in electronic commerce. It first provides an overview of token payments before looking at alternative electronic payment systems including debt substitution, payment by credit cards, and fund transfer. The chapter reviews the failure of the European Commission’s Electronic Money Directive 2000 and examines whether the current law, found in the 2009 Electronic Money Directive, is likely to provide a better legal environment for electronic money to flourish. It spends considerable time looking at the development of cryptocurrencies, including bitcoin and how blockchain is used to establish trust in cryptocurrency transactions, before concluding with an analysis of the law in relation to cryptocurrency.

Single-Lane Roundabout Manager under Fully Automated Vehicle Environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (8) ◽  
pp. 439-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilo Martin-Gasulla ◽  
Lily Elefteriadou
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Traffic Flows ◽  
Traffic Operations ◽  
Automated Vehicle ◽  
Control Delay ◽  
Lost Time ◽  
Traffic Management System

In the advent of new automation and communication technologies, the introduction of connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) can make efficient use of the space on our road networks. Since roundabouts suffer from lower efficiencies when traffic flows are unbalanced and unfamiliar drivers are present, CAVs have the potential to improve traffic operations, reducing lost time and inefficiency in gap-usage. The aim of this research is to take advantage of those recently available technologies to design a traffic management system for roundabouts. Such a system can provide CAVs with optimal trajectories to negotiate the roundabout, maximizing throughput and minimizing control delay. The rule-based Roundabout Manager algorithm developed considers the roundabout as a whole system, assessing the priority of incoming vehicles on a first-come-first-served scheduling to solve conflicts. The management system takes into consideration the geometry of the roundabout, including the flared entries and exits and the location of conflict sections based on merging trajectories of vehicles in negotiating the roundabout. To illustrate the operation of the algorithm, a total of 15 undersaturated demand scenarios with 10 replications per scenario were simulated. From the results, it can be concluded that the system can reduce control delay for medium demand scenarios, maximizing the throughput for all demand scenarios. The Roundabout Manager can work in real time providing optimized trajectories in less than 0.02 s at any traffic flow rate simulated.

scholarly journals Perimeter Control as an Alternative to Dedicated Bus Lanes: A Case Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (20) ◽  
pp. 110-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Chiabaut ◽  
Michael Küng ◽  
Monica Menendez ◽  
Ludovic Leclercq
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Management ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Car Traffic ◽  
Traffic Performance ◽  
Objective Control ◽  
Queue Lengths ◽  
Urban Arterial

Dedicated bus lanes (DBLs) are a common traffic management strategy in cities as they improve the efficiency of the transit system by preventing buses from getting trapped in traffic jams. Nevertheless, DBLs also have certain disadvantages: they consume space, reduce available capacity for general traffic, and can thus lead to even more congested car traffic situations. It is appealing to find more efficient alternatives that maintain a sufficient network supply for general traffic while guaranteeing high commercial speeds for the bus system. This paper investigates whether perimeter control (gating) could be such an alternative to DBL strategies. This solution aims at controlling the traffic conditions of a given area by monitoring vehicle accumulations and adapting traffic signal parameters to reach the targeted conditions. If free-flow states can be maintained within the zone, then DBLs become superfluous. This hypothesis is examined through a simulation case study with an urban arterial acting as the targeted area. A dual-objective control approach was applied to allow for not only the vehicle accumulation inside the area but the queue lengths at its perimeter, thereby addressing one of the main issues associated with gating schemes. Due to the gating strategy, traffic performance in the arterial, measured through vehicle accumulation plus mean speed and density, improved significantly. Moreover, results showed that bus operations reach almost the same efficiency level when DBLs are replaced by perimeter control. Furthermore, the availability of an additional lane for general traffic in the control case significantly increased the arterial capacity for cars.

The assumptions of the decision-making model of ITS services in order to eliminate of traffic flows disruptions

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 167-177
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Karoń ◽  
Renata Żochowska
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Formal Description ◽  
Traffic Flows ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Transport Networks ◽  
Basic Assumptions ◽  
Flow Disturbances ◽  
Decision Making Model ◽  
Selection Of

The article presents the basic assumptions of the decision-making model regarding the selection of ITS services in order to mitigate and eliminate the negative effects of disruptions to traffic flows in transport networks. The first part of article presents the structure of ITS systems, including cooperative systems C-ITS, and selected strategies for control and traffic management. The second part of article formulates a basic formal description of the decision-making model for the selection of ITS functional configuration for specific measures of traffic flow disturbances.

Traffic management in cities

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Елена Андреева ◽  
Elena Andreeva ◽  
Кристиан Бёттгер ◽  
Kristian Bettger ◽  
Екатерина Белкова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Management ◽  
Engineering Students ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Traffic Flows ◽  
Organization And Management ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Traffic Management System

The monograph is devoted to the consideration of issues relevant to the vast majority of cities-the organization and management of traffic flows to improve the mobility of the population, increase the speed and reduce the cost of transportation of passengers and goods, reduce the burden on the environment, etc. The book provides an overview of existing models, methods and tools for modeling and managing traffic flows in cities. The author identifies the main modern challenges to sustainable development of urban transport systems, which should be taken into account in the development of urban traffic management system. The authors substantiate the need for a systematic approach in the development of traffic management systems in cities and propose a practical tool for its implementation — an integrated digital platform for urban traffic management. Describes the experience of creation and application of an integrated automated control system of traffic management TransInfo and its improved version RITM, for the city of Moscow. In conclusion, the forecast of further development of research and development in the field of modeling and management of transport mobility is given. The book is of interest to a wide range of readers involved in the modeling and management of traffic flows, experts in the field of transport planning, scientists, engineers, economists and mathematicians, as well as graduate students and engineering students.

scholarly journals P PEMODELAN ARUS LALU LINTAS DAN WAKTU TUNGGU TOTAL OPTIMAL DI PERSIMPANGAN JL. JEMUR ANDAYANI – AHMAD YANI SEBAGAI UPAYA MENGURAI KEMACETAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-398
Author(s):  
Yuniar Farida ◽  
Aris Fanani ◽  
Ida Purwanti ◽  
Luluk Wulandari ◽  
Nanida Jenahara Zaen
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Waiting Time ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Traffic Flows ◽  
Left Turn ◽  
Traffic Performance ◽  
Time Calculation ◽  
High Level ◽  
Signal Time

One crossroad of ​​Surabaya whose high level of congestion is the crossing of Jemur Andayani – Ahmad Yani Street. It needs to Improve traffic management, geometric, and signal time to obtain optimal traffic performance. The purpose of this study is to make a model of traffic flow and determine the optimal total waiting time at the crossing of Jemur Andayani – Ahmad Yani using Compatible Graph. Compatible graphs are two sets where vertices indicate objects to be arranged and edges indicate compatible pairs of objects. Compatible traffic flow is two traffic flows which if both of them run simultaneously can run safely and not collide. The results of the optimal waiting time calculation using a compatible graph assuming the left turn following the lamp is 75 seconds. While the optimal total waiting time by assuming the left turn not following the lights is 60 seconds. The optimal total waiting time is smaller than the actual total waiting time currently applied at Frontage Ahmad Yani street, which is 170 seconds by assuming turn left following the lights.

scholarly journals METHODOLOGY FOR RECOVERY OF CORRESPONDENCE MATRICES TAKING INTO ACCOUNT TRANSPORT FLOW RESTRICTIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-124
Author(s):  
Ol'ga Lebedeva
Keyword(s):  
Travel Demand ◽  
Demand Forecasting ◽  
Forecasting Model ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Traffic Flows ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Original Matrix ◽  
Travel Demand Forecasting ◽  
Transport Flow

Travel demand forecasting models are a key analysis tool used in planning the operation of the transport network and the development of infrastructure facilities. Relevant research within this topic is aimed at reducing the time and minimizing costs associated with developing a forecasting model for travel demand. The study evaluates the possibility of recovering an exact correspondence matrix based on an overloaded network, which takes into account the base / original matrix, traffic flow and their impact on the quality of the generated matrix. By means of the assessment, the admissible per-centage of deviation of the restored traffic flows, necessary for the development of a statistically significant correspondence matrix, has been determined.

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