The use of the X-Plane flight simulator and SimInTech environment in the educational process during the practical lesson "Flight data processing"

During training sessions at an aviation university, it is advisable to demonstrate samples of aviation equipment, individual elements of systems and assemblies, or use specialized stands and posters. However, when conducting classes remotely, not all of these materials can be used, since it is not always possible to show them in dynamics and thus ensure the formation of a clear idea of students about the object being studied. The article considers an example of using a flight simulator in the educational process as a means of visualizing aviation equipment during a practical lesson "Flight data processing". Visual perception of the materials of objective control does not give a complete understanding of the dynamics of the aircraft flight, its attitude while executing pilotage and aerobatics elements, therefore, it is necessary to demonstrate the performance of flight elements with the simultaneous display of flight parameters in a graphical form. For this purpose, the X-Plane flight simulator is used, for interaction with which a project has been developed in the SimInTech environment that implements data exchange for flight control of an aircraft model and registration of parametric information for its further analysis. Schemes for simulating the operation of on-board recording devices are described. The ways of solving the tasks are described. The possibility of using the developed projects for remote training of aviation specialists, as well as the implementation of the results obtained in the educational process of aviation universities, is indicated.

Multivariable predictive functional control of a compound power-split hybrid electric vehicle

The Corun hybrid system (CHS) is a deeply coupled multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) hybrid system. The two inputs are the torques of the two motors. The two outputs are the carrier speed and transmission output torque. Using the traditional control method, the multi-objective control quality cannot be guaranteed because of the adopted static decoupling method and proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controllers. In this paper, the problems of the traditional control method are carefully analyzed, and a new control method is proposed. Instead of static decoupling, dynamic decoupling is adopted to improve the decoupling control effect. A predictive functional controller instead of a PID controller is adopted to deal with the pure delay caused by controller area network (CAN) communication. The tracking effect of the target value is further improved by predictive functional controllers. For the two decoupled subsystems, that is, the integral system and the second-order underdamped system, two predictive functional controllers are designed. The new control method was verified by simulations and tests. The results show that the new control method is superior to the traditional control method for CHS.

On the Robust Multiple Objective Control with Simultaneous Pole Placement in LMI Regions

This article studies the problem of designing robust control laws to achieve multiple performance objectives for linear uncertain systems. Specifically, in this study we have selected one of the control objectives to be a closed-loop pole placement in specific regions of the left-half complex plane. As such, a guaranteed cost based multi-objective control approach is proposed and compared with the H_2/H_∞control by means of an application example

Applicability of Semi-Quantitative Evaluation of the Intercondylar Notch

The intercondylar notch (IN) can differ in morphology and size, influencing the contained ligaments. For a better understanding of the influence of the IN’s anatomy on knee pathologies, a classification of different shapes was proposed. However, a detailed evaluation of the reliability of these classifications is lacking thus far. In coronal knee MRIs of 330 patients, the IN width was measured and three shapes were calculated to generate objective control results. Notch shapes were classified by two blinded investigators, first without and then with visual assistance to guide the shape classification. The distribution of the three different shapes was as follows: A-shape: n = 43, 13.0%; inverse U-shape: n = 100, 30.3%; Ω-shape: n = 183, 56.7%. The semi-quantitative evaluation distribution was as follows: A-shape: n = 44, 13.3%; inverse U-shape: n = 37, 11.2%; Ω-shape: n = 249, 75%; there was fair (κ = 0.35) agreement compared to that of the control results. The assisted semi-quantitative evaluation distribution was as follows: A-shape: n = 44, 13.3%; inverse U-shape: 103, 31.2%; Ω-shape: n = 183, 55.3%; there was very good (κ = 0.92) agreement compared to that of the control results. In the shape evaluation of the IN, rigid guidelines and visual assistance must be used to ensure reliability. The utilization of visual assistance led to higher inter- and intra-rater agreements in the semi-quantitatively evaluation of the IN shape when compared to those in the classification without visual assistance.

Problems of students’ assessment in the process of distance learning (on the example of the EU countries)

The purpose is to determine the effectiveness of distance assessment, positive and problematic positions on the introduction of distance assessment in European higher education. The basic method of the research is the experimental method; empirical, statistical and theoretical methods have been also used. In order to carry out diagnostics on the effectiveness of the research, the survey method has been used. The basic hypothesis lies in the fact that changes in the students’ assessment system are positive, adaptable; prepared and properly implemented system will provide quality and objective control of knowledge and skills of students. The result of the research is proving of the effectiveness and prospects of the assessment system in the context of distance education; along with this, the difficulties and shortcomings are insignificant.

Current indications for phlebotropic therapy and its duration

Phlebotropic therapy is an important component of the pathogenetic treatment of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) of the lower extremities. Venoactive drugs, which have proven their effectiveness and safety in a variety of studies, are widely represented in international and Russian clinical guidelines and standards. However, there is no consensus on the regulation of phlebotropic therapy and, above all, its duration in different clinical classes of CVI. In addition, there are no clear indications on the methods of treatment efficacy monitoring, which can be used in real clinical practice. The presented systematized review of the literature data on micronized purified flavonoid fraction not only reveals the possibilities of phlebotropic therapy of different clinical classes and forms of CVI, but also suggests effective regulations for the use of this drug in specific situations. The data concerning the efficacy of phlebotropic therapy in real clinical practice at the initial stages of CVI (C0s-C1s), in the treatment of C2s (varicose superficial veins with venospecific symptoms), C3 (chronic venous edema), C4 (trophic skin disorders), as well as in stages C5-C6 and C6r (venous trophic ulcers) are presented in details. In addition, the results of studies on the use of micronized purified flavonoid fraction in phlebosclerosing treatment are presented. The duration of phlebotropic therapy is in direct relation to the severity of the disease and the response to the ongoing treatment. The important role is played not only by personalization of treatment according to specific symptoms and syndromes, but also, if possible, by objective control of their dynamics.