Effect of Auto Restraint Policies on Travel Behavior

2005 ◽  
Vol 1932 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoram Shiftan ◽  
Arnon Golani
Keyword(s):  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Stated Preference ◽  
Congestion Pricing ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
City Center ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
New Policies ◽  
Economic Vitality

Auto restraint policies are becoming increasingly popular among urban planners and policy makers as a way of managing travel demand and traffic in city centers. Because urban access is considered crucial to the economic success of a downtown area, certain constituencies, such as business and retail, have historically been opposed to such policies. To address these concerns and design appropriate policies, it is important to understand how visitors to a city center are likely to respond to new policies. This paper presents a model for estimating the likely response to two potential auto restraint policies in the center of Tel Aviv, the largest metropolitan area in Israel: an increase in parking cost and the use of congestion pricing in the form of a cordon around the city center. The models are based on the responses of center visitors to a stated preference survey. The results show that for both workers and nonworkers, most drivers who respond to the policy will do so by changing their mode of travel, and, in the case of congestion pricing, by also changing the time of their trip. The minority will respond by changing their destination or canceling their trip. This is an encouraging result from a policy point of view because changing time or mode is considered a positive shift, whereas changing destination or canceling the trip is considered negative. The results indicate that auto restraint policies can be effective in reducing traffic congestion and air pollution in city centers without hampering their economic vitality.

scholarly journals The Impact of Congestion Charging Technique on Traffic Flow and Atmospheric Pollution in Kuwait City

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahad AlRukaibi ◽  
◽  
Duaij AlRukaibi ◽  
Abdulaziz AlBurait ◽  
Ayedh Al-Mutairi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Congestion Pricing ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
User Cost ◽  
Environmental Aspect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Congestion Charging

Traffic congestion is a major problem in high populated cities, due to the frequent increase on travel demand and exponential vehicles growth. Resulting in increased vehicle queuing and slows road speed which can led to increase delays, air pollution, and fuel consumption. Poor traffic management in the congested spot result in elongated traffic jam. Therefore, this study aims to reduce traffic congestion by applying congestion charging system which is an effective method to regulate demand without increasing supply. Kuwait City network was selected to perform the system. Kuwait City is a vital city that has a lot of governmental and commercial facilities which make the city crowded especially during the peak hours. The current condition was analyzed in SYNCHRO simulation software in order to compare it with the improved condition to confirm the applicability. The genetic algorithm will be used as a practical method to apply congestion pricing in order to provide optimized solutions that will be analyzed in SYNCHRO software to examine the performance of the network. The impacts of applying congestion pricing system were remarkable. From traffic point of view, the demand was regulated, also total delays and fuel consumption were improved. The reduction of total delay is ranged between 24.4% to 40.58%, and the reduction of fuel used is ranged between 36.76% to 60.89%. From an economical point of view, the user cost decreased in a range between 27.77% and 43.75%. In addition, from an environmental aspect the emissions of HC, CO and NOx improved significantly which improved air quality.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Traffic and Emissions Impacts of Congestion Pricing in New York City

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amirhossein Baghestani ◽  
Mohammad Tayarani ◽  
Mahdieh Allahviranloo ◽  
H. Oliver Gao
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Congestion Pricing ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Demand Model ◽  
Business District

Traffic congestion is a major challenge in metropolitan areas due to economic and negative health impacts. Several strategies have been tested all around the globe to relieve traffic congestion and minimize transportation externalities. Congestion pricing is among the most cited strategies with the potential to manage the travel demand. This study aims to investigate potential travel behavior changes in response to cordon pricing in Manhattan, New York. Several pricing schemes with variable cordon charging fees are designed and examined using an activity-based microsimulation travel demand model. The findings demonstrate a decreasing trend in the total number of trips interacting with the central business district (CBD) as the price goes up, except for intrazonal trips. We also analyze a set of other performance measures, such as Vehicle-Hours of Delay, Vehicle-Miles Traveled, and vehicle emissions. While the results show considerable growth in transit ridership (6%), single-occupant vehicles and taxis trips destined to the CBD reduced by 30% and 40%, respectively, under the $20 pricing scheme. The aggregated value of delay for all vehicles was also reduced by 32%. Our findings suggest that cordon pricing can positively ameliorate transportation network performance and consequently, improve air quality by reducing particular matter inventory by up to 17.5%. The results might facilitate public acceptance of cordon pricing strategies for the case study of NYC. More broadly, this study provides a robust framework for decision-makers across the US for further analysis on the subject.

scholarly journals Estimating Demand for a New Travel Mode in Boise, Idaho

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1209
Author(s):  
Mandar Khanal
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Stated Preference ◽  
State University ◽  
University Campus ◽  
City Center ◽  
Road Congestion ◽  
The Us ◽  
Potential Mode ◽  
The City

The 20,000-student Boise State University campus is located about 3 km from the center of the city of Boise. There is a significant amount of travel between the campus and the city center as students and staff travel to the city to visit restaurants, shops, and entertainment centers. Currently, people make this trip by car, shuttle bus, bike, or walking modes. Cars and shuttle buses, which share the same road network, constitute about 76% of the total trips. As road congestion is expected to grow in the future, it is prudent to look for other modes that can fulfill the travel demand. One potential mode is an aerial tramway. However, an aerial tramway is not a common mode of urban travel in the US. This research describes how the stated preference method was used to estimate demand for a mode that does not currently exist. An online stated preference survey was sent out to 8681 students, faculty, and staff and 1821 valid responses were received. Only about 35% of the respondents expressed their willingness to choose an aerial tramway for various combinations of cost and convenience of the new mode. Respondents were also found to favor convenience over cost for the new mode.

scholarly journals SOLVING TRAFFIC CONGESTION FROM THE DEMAND SIDE

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 529-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying-En Ge ◽  
Olegas Prentkovskis ◽  
Chunyan Tang ◽  
Wafaa Saleh ◽  
Michael G. H. Bell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Active Management ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Travel Demand Management

It is nowadays widely accepted that solving traffic congestion from the demand side is more important and more feasible than offering more capacity or facilities for transportation. Following a brief overview of evolution of the concept of Travel Demand Management (TDM), there is a discussion on the TDM foundations that include demand-side strategies, traveler choice and application settings and the new dimensions that ATDM (Active forms of Transportation and Demand Management) bring to TDM, i.e. active management and integrative management. Subsequently, the authors provide a short review of the state-of-the-art TDM focusing on relevant literature published since 2000. Next, we highlight five TDM topics that are currently hot: traffic congestion pricing, public transit and bicycles, travel behavior, travel plans and methodology. The paper closes with some concluding remarks.

scholarly journals Departure Time Choice (DTC) Behavior for Intercity Travel during a Long-Holiday in Bangkok, Thailand

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Bhawat Chaichannawatik ◽  
Kunnawee Kanitpong ◽  
Thirayoot Limanond
Keyword(s):  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Multinomial Logit Model ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Travel Patterns ◽  
Peak Period ◽  
Intercity Travel ◽  
Departure Time ◽  
Departure Time Choice

Time-of-day (TOD) or departure time choice (DTC) has become an interesting issue over two decades. Many researches have intensely focused on time-of-day or departure time choice study, especially workday departures. However, the travel behavior during long-holiday/intercity travel has received relatively little attention in previous studies. This paper shows the characteristics of long-holiday intercity travel patterns based on 2012 New Year data collected in Thailand with a specific focus on departure time choice of car commuters due to traffic congestion occurring during the beginning of festivals. 590 interview data were analyzed to provide more understanding of general characteristics of DTC behavior for intercity travel at the beginning of a Bangkok long-holiday. Moreover, the Multinomial Logit Model (MNL) was used to find the car-based DTC model. The results showed that travelers tend to travel at the peak period when the parameters of personal and household are not so significant, in contrast to the trip-related characteristics and holiday variables that play important roles in traveler decision on departure time choice. Finally, some policies to distribute travel demand and reduce the repeatable traffic congestion at the beginning of festivals are recommended.

scholarly journals Defining and Measuring the Relevance of Criteria for the Evaluation of the Inflow of Goods in City Centers

Logistics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Mladen Jardas ◽  
Ana Perić Hadžić ◽  
Edvard Tijan
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
City Center ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
Questionnaire Method ◽  
The City

The aim of this paper is to define and measure the relevance of the criteria for the evaluation of the inflow of goods in city centers, in order to improve delivery activities within city centers. The development of the city center leads to the grouping of numerous business operators, which results in the increase of the quantity of goods entering the city center, causing additional traffic congestion, higher levels of noise and emissions of harmful gases. In the long term, this leads to major dissatisfaction with the quality of life among city residents. Therefore, the planning of goods delivery must be in line with the sustainable development of city logistics, while at the same time considering the interests of relevant stakeholders. However, in the existing literature the criteria for evaluating delivery flows have not been comprehensively identified or evaluated by the stakeholders of city centers. In order to fill the research gap, the authors have defined four groups of criteria: technical-technological, economic-financial, organizational and social criteria. To determine the relevance of these criteria, it was necessary to use the questionnaire method to collect data from the stakeholder groups defined by the literature review. Regarding the relevant stakeholders (carriers, delivery recipients, residents and urban policy makers), the results have pointed out that the technical-technological and organizational criteria groups are considered the most relevant by the stakeholders regarding the inflow of goods in city centers.

scholarly journals Multimode Traffic Travel Behavior Characteristics Analysis and Congestion Governance Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Wen Li ◽  
Wei Feng ◽  
Hua-zhi Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Congestion Management ◽  
Traffic Demand ◽  
Modern Cities ◽  
Behavior Characteristics

The rapid aggregation of modern urban population and the rapid growth of car travel lead to traffic congestion, environmental pollution, and other problems. In view of the limited land resources in our country, it is impractical to meet residents’ travel demand by blindly increasing traffic supply. Therefore, addressing the urban road congestion problem for sustainable development of modern cities, the paper makes research on residents’ travel behavior characteristics and travel preference under the condition of multimodal transportation to formulate reasonable traffic demand management strategy for the guide on public traffic demand, bus priority strategy, and congestion management. The operation characteristic of each transportation mode is analyzed by comparing its related traffic and economic characteristics. Multimode traffic choice behavior is discussed by establishing multiple logistic regression models to analyze the main influencing factors to travelers’ social and economic attributes, travel characteristics, and preference based on travel survey data of urban residents. The paper proposes the development of an urban public transportation system and travelling mode shift from cars to public transportation as reasonable travel structure for congestion management and sustainable development of modern cities.

scholarly journals Public Transport-Based Crowdshipping for Sustainable City Logistics: Assessing Economic and Environmental Impacts

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerio Gatta ◽  
Edoardo Marcucci ◽  
Marialisa Nigro ◽  
Sergio Patella ◽  
Simone Serafini
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Stated Preference ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Transit Network ◽  
The One ◽  
The City

This paper aims at understanding and evaluating the environmental and economic impacts of a crowdshipping platform in urban areas. The investigation refers to the city of Rome and considers an environmental-friendly crowdshipping based on the use of the mass transit network of the city, where customers/crowdshippers pick-up/drop-off goods in automated parcel lockers located either inside the transit stations or in their surroundings. Crowdshippers are passengers that would use the transit network anyhow for other activities (e.g., home-to-work), thus avoiding additional trips. The study requires firstly, estimating the willingness to buy a crowdshipping service like the one proposed here, in order to quantify the potential demand. The estimation is realized adopting an extensive stated preference survey and discrete choice modeling. Then, several scenarios with different features of the service are proposed and evaluated up to 2025 in terms of both externalities (local and global pollutant emissions, noise emissions and accidents reductions) and revenues. The results are useful to understand and quantify the potential of this strategy for last mile B2C deliveries. Moreover, it provides local policy-makers and freight companies with a good knowledge base for the future development of a platform for public transport-based crowdshipping and for estimating the likely impact the system could have both from an economic and environmental point of view.

scholarly journals Travel Behavior of Car Travelers with the Presence of Park-and-Ride Facilities and Autonomous Vehicles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamil Hamadneh ◽  
Domokos Esztergár-Kiss
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Daily Activity ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Park And Ride ◽  
People Search ◽  
Parking Pricing ◽  
The Impact

Travelers' behavior is predicted based on their individual preferences. People search for alternatives to maximize their benefit from doing activities, such as increasing the activity time by minimizing the travel time. Traffic congestion and the scarcity of parking spaces in the city center motivate the decision-makers to encourage travelers to use the park-and-ride (P&R) system. An evaluation concerning the impact of using the P&R system on the travel behavior of car users is conducted. Some of the existing P&R facilities are incorporated into the daily activity plans of car travelers to produce new daily activity plans (i.e., P&R facility is considered an activity). By using the Multi-Agent Transport Simulation (MATSim) open-source tool, simulations of the daily activity plans including the P&R system and autonomous vehicles (AVs) are conducted. The study examines three scenarios: (1) a simulation of the existing condition, (2) a simulation of the daily activity plans of the travelers with the P&R system, and (3) a simulation of the daily activity plans of the travelers with the P&R system and AVs. The results show that using the P&R system increases the overall travel time compared with the existing conditions, and the use of AVs as a transport mode impacts the existing modal share as follows: 64 % of the car users switch to AVs, while 15 % of the car users switch to public transport. The output of this study might be used by policy-makers in parking pricing and the location of the P&R facilities.

scholarly journals Mode Choice Modeling to Shift Car Travelers towards Park and Ride Service in the City Centre of Karachi

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5638
Author(s):  
Irfan Ahmed Memon ◽  
Saima Kalwar ◽  
Noman Sahito ◽  
Mir Aftab Hussain Talpur ◽  
Imtiaz Ahmed Chandio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Mode Choice ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Choice Models ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Travel Demand Management ◽  
Park And Ride

Currently, congestion in Karachi’s central business district (CBD) is the result of people driving their cars to work. Consequently, a park and ride (P&R) service has proved successful in decreasing traffic congestion and the difficulty of finding parking spaces from urban centers. The travelers cannot be convinced to shift towards the P&R service without an understanding of their travel behavior. Therefore, a travel behavior survey needs to be conducted to reduce the imbalance between public and private transport. Hence, mode choice models were developed to determine the factors that influence single-occupant vehicle (SOV) travelers’ decision to adopt the P&R service. Data were collected by an adapted self-administered questionnaire. Mode choice models were developed through logistic regression modeling by using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 22. The findings concluded that more than 70%, specifically motorbike users, to avoid mental stress, and to protect the environment are willing to adopt the P&R service. Moreover, to validate the mode choice models, logit model training and a testing approach were used. In conclusion, by overcoming these influencing factors and balancing push and pull measures of travel demand management (TDM), SOV users can be encouraged to shift towards P&R services. Thus, research outcomes can support policymakers in implementing sustainable modes of public transportation.

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