Investigation of Design Speed Characteristics on Freeway Ramps using SHRP2 Naturalistic Driving Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus A. Brewer ◽  
Jayson Stibbe
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Interstate Highway System ◽  
Naturalistic Driving Study ◽  
Naturalistic Driving ◽  
Design Speed ◽  
Using Data ◽  
A Current ◽  
Design Guidance ◽  
Highway System

Freeway ramp design guidance has existed in the United States for many decades, coinciding with the advent of the nation’s freeway network and the Interstate Highway system. Some principles associated with ramp design are largely unchanged since their inception, and a review of those principles in the context of today’s drivers and vehicles is beneficial for identifying potential updates to existing guidance. The process of collecting the necessary data may consist of a variety of methods, each with limitations on the number of ramps, vehicles, and trips that can be studied. A current research project is exploring the feasibility of using data from the Strategic Highway Research Program 2 (SHRP2) Naturalistic Driving Study (NDS) to identify relationships between ramp design speed characteristics and drivers’ choices of operating speeds on those ramps. The NDS data provides a dataset that is unprecedented in its size and detail, but its suitability for this type of analysis is largely unknown. This paper summarizes the activities and findings of the current research project, including basic models for estimating vehicle speeds on freeway ramps based on the NDS data; these models may be used in conjunction with other ongoing related research efforts to suggest material for potential updates to existing ramp design guidance.

scholarly journals (re)Weave: Adapting Urban Obsolescence in Syracuse

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Marinic ◽  
◽  
Zeke Leonard ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
The United States ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
World War ◽  
Marked Contrast ◽  
Industrial City ◽  
Interstate Highway System ◽  
Urban Decay ◽  
Highway System

It has been over fifty years since the beginning of the decline of the American industrial city. After World War II, urban life in the United States began to fracture along social, economic, and demographic lines. The rise of the interstate highway system facilitated the simultaneous collapse of downtown retail districts; advancing urban decay stood in marked contrast to a thriving, homogeneous, trans-continental suburban culture. Today, widespread obsolescence has catalyzed and accelerated to embody the future of shrinking cities in the RustBelt.

scholarly journals Trade and the Topography of the Spatial Economy *

2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 1085-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Treb Allen ◽  
Costas Arkolakis
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
The United States ◽  
Interstate Highway ◽  
Interstate Highway System ◽  
Simple Set ◽  
Spatial Economy ◽  
Structure Of Trade ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Highway System

Abstract We develop a general equilibrium framework to determine the spatial distribution of economic activity on any surface with (nearly) any geography. Combining the gravity structure of trade with labor mobility, we provide conditions for the existence, uniqueness, and stability of a spatial economic equilibrium and derive a simple set of equations that govern the relationship between economic activity and the geography of the surface. We then use the framework to estimate the topography of trade costs, productivities and amenities in the United States. We find that geographic location accounts for at least twenty percent of the spatial variation in U.S. income. Finally, we calculate that the construction of the interstate highway system increased welfare by 1.1 to 1.4 percent, which is substantially larger than its cost.

Accounting for Driver Distraction and Socioeconomic Characteristics in a Crash Risk Index: Naturalistic Driving Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2659 (1) ◽  
pp. 204-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengqiu Ye ◽  
Osama A. Osman ◽  
Sherif Ishak
Keyword(s):  
Risk Index ◽  
The United States ◽  
Distracted Driving ◽  
Crash Risk ◽  
Grading System ◽  
Secondary Tasks ◽  
Auto Insurance ◽  
Socioeconomic Characteristics ◽  
Naturalistic Driving Study ◽  
Naturalistic Driving

Distracted driving has long been acknowledged as one of the main contributors to crashes in the United States. According to past studies, driving behavior proved to be influenced by the socioeconomic characteristics of drivers. However, few studies attempted to quantify that influence. This study proposed a crash risk index (CRI) to estimate the crash risk associated with the socioeconomic characteristics of drivers and their tendency to experience distracted driving. The analysis was conducted with data from the SHRP 2 Naturalistic Driving Study. The proposed CRI was developed on a grading system of three measures: the crash risk associated with performing secondary tasks during driving, the effect of socioeconomic attributes (e.g., age) on the likelihood of engagement in secondary tasks, and the effect of specific categories within each socioeconomic attribute (e.g., age older than 60) on the likelihood of engagement in secondary tasks. Logistic regression analysis was performed on the secondary tasks, socioeconomic attributes, and specific socioeconomic characteristics. The results identified the significant secondary tasks with high crash risk and the socioeconomic characteristics with significant effect on determining drivers’ involvement in secondary tasks in each tested parameter. These results were used to quantify the grading system measures and hence estimate the proposed CRI. This index indicates the relative crash risk associated with the socioeconomic characteristics of drivers and considers the possibility of engagement in secondary tasks. The proposed CRI and the associated grading system are plausible methods for estimating auto insurance premiums.

Control Factors in the Economic Development of Nonmetropolitan America

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 1645-1666 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Briggs ◽  
J Rees
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Economic Base ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Interstate Highway System ◽  
Unearned Income ◽  
Determining Factor ◽  
Highway System

Nonmetropolitan counties of the United States have shown a remarkable degree of economic growth and diversity in the 1970s. This paper examines three control mechanisms behind these changes and concludes that: the interstate highway system was not a major determining factor in the spatial pattern of nonmetropolitan development, branch plants of manufacturing companies seemed to contribute to employment stability in these areas, and unearned income played an increasing role over time in the economic base of these rural areas. These conclusions, therefore, separate some of the realities from the myths that have surrounded the growth of nonmetropolitan America.

scholarly journals What are Australian drivers doing behind the wheel? An overview of secondary task data from the Australian Naturalistic Driving Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristie Young ◽  
Rachel Osborne ◽  
Sjaan Koppel ◽  
Judith Charlton ◽  
Raphael Grzebieta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Secondary Task ◽  
Task Engagement ◽  
Driver Distraction ◽  
Secondary Tasks ◽  
Mobile Phone Use ◽  
Naturalistic Driving Study ◽  
Naturalistic Driving ◽  
Using Data

Using data from the Australian Naturalistic Driving Study (ANDS), this study examined patterns of secondary task engagement (e.g., mobile phone use, manipulating centre stack controls) during everyday driving trips to determine the type and duration of secondary task engaged in. Safety-related incidents associated with secondary task engagement were also examined. Results revealed that driver engagement in secondary tasks was frequent, with drivers engaging in one or more secondary tasks every 96 seconds, on average. However, drivers were more likely to initiate engagement in secondary tasks when the vehicle was stationary, suggesting that drivers do self-regulate the timing of task engagement to a certain degree. There was also evidence that drivers modified their engagement in a way suggestive of limiting their exposure to risk by engaging in some secondary tasks for shorter periods when the vehicle was moving compared to when it was stationary. Despite this, almost six percent of secondary tasks events were associated with a safety-related incident. The findings will be useful in targeting distraction countermeasures and policies and determining the effectiveness of these in managing driver distraction.

scholarly journals Immature Pelvic Growth and Obesity

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-61
Author(s):  
Emma Theresa Ronayne
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Pregnancy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Indigenous Youth ◽  
Biocultural Approach ◽  
A Current ◽  
The U.S

Adolescent pregnancy in youth aged 10-19 years is associated with higher rates of adverse outcomes for both the mother and infant than adult pregnancy. Obesity and immature pelvic growth compound the associated risks of adolescent pregnancy. Black and Indigenous youth in the United States (U.S.) experience disproportionately high rates of adolescent pregnancy and obesity. This research project aimed to answer two questions: (1) What are the contributing risks of pelvic immaturity and obesity on adverse outcomes in adolescent pregnancy, especially in the U.S.?; and (2) Why are Black and Indigenous youth at particular risk of adolescent pregnancy and obesity in the U.S.? In this research project, I have conducted statistical analyses of biological and sociocultural factors associated with adolescent pregnancy using the CDC WONDER database, and I have used case studies and   ethnographic accounts to gain insight on Black and Indigenous youth experiences with adolescent pregnancy. In this paper I examine the racial disparities in rates of adolescent pregnancy, obesity, and adverse outcomes in the U.S. My paper contributes research to a current public health issue by using an integrative biocultural approach.

Investigating Effect of Driver-, Vehicle-, and Road-Related Factors on Location-Specific Crashes with Naturalistic Driving Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (6) ◽  
pp. 46-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Ashley ◽  
Osama A. Osman ◽  
Sherif Ishak ◽  
Julius Codjoe
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
The United States ◽  
Crash Risk ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Intersection Safety ◽  
Naturalistic Driving Study ◽  
Naturalistic Driving

According to NHTSA, traffic accidents cost the United States billions of U.S. dollars each year. Intersection accidents alone accounted for 23% of the 32,675 motor crash deaths in 2014. With the advent of the largest naturalistic driving data set in the United States collected by the SHRP2 Naturalistic Driving Study project, this study performs a crash-only analysis to identify driver-, vehicle-, and roadway-related factors that affect the driving risk at different location types using a machine learning tool. The study then analyzes the most important factors obtained from the machine learning analysis to identify how they affect crash risk. The results, in order of importance of variables, were driver behavior, locality, lane occupied, alignment, and through travel lanes. Also, drivers who violated traffic signals were four times more likely to be involved in a crash than drivers who did not. Those who violated stop signs were two times more likely to be involved in crashes than those who did not. Drivers performing visual-manual (VM) tasks at uncontrolled intersections were 2.7 times more likely to be involved in crashes than those who did not engage in these tasks. At nonintersections, drivers who performed VM tasks were 3.4 times more likely to be involved in crashes than drivers who did not. These findings add to the evidence that the establishment of safety awareness programs geared toward intersection safety is imperative.

Using Naturalistic Driving Data to Develop a Typology of Speeding Episodes

2017 ◽  
Vol 2659 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian M. Richard ◽  
James L. Brown ◽  
Randolph Atkins ◽  
Gautam Divekar
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Speed Limit ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Situational Characteristics ◽  
Duration Magnitude ◽  
Naturalistic Driving Study ◽  
Naturalistic Driving ◽  
Study Participants

Speeding-related crashes continue to be a serious problem in the United States. A recently completed NHTSA project, Motivations for Speeding, collected data to address questions about driver speeding behavior. This naturalistic driving study used 1-Hz GPS units to collect data from 88 drivers in Seattle, Washington, to record how fast vehicles traveled on different roadways. The current project further developed this data set to redefine speeding in terms of speeding episodes, which were continuous periods in which drivers exceeded the posted speed limit by at least 10 mph. More than half of all study participants averaged less than one speeding episode per trip taken. Various characteristics of speeding episodes representing aspects such as duration, magnitude, variability, and overall form of speeding were examined. Cluster analyses conducted using these characteristics of speeding episodes identified six types of speeding. These included two types of speeding that occurred around speed-zone transitions (speeding up and slowing down), incidental speeding, casual speeding, cruising speeding, and aggressive speeding. Qualitative examination of the speeding types indicated that these types also differed in terms of the prevalence of additional risky situational characteristics.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document