Importance of Automobile Mode Share in Understanding the Full Impact of Urban Form on Work-Based Vehicle Distance Traveled

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (4) ◽  
pp. 222-234
Author(s):  
Yang (Luna) Xi ◽  
Jeff Allen ◽  
Eric J. Miller ◽  
Steven Farber ◽  
Robert Keel
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Performance Indicator ◽  
Regional Growth ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Employment Centers ◽  
Mode Share ◽  
Work Trip

Vehicle kilometers traveled (VKT) has been widely used in regional planning as a key sustainability performance indicator. Many regional growth plans for reducing work trip VKT have been proposed, with a focus on land use development in employment centers. Despite the potential impact of urban form on the reduction of VKT, the fundamentals of how this takes place remain unclear. This study analyzes the relationship between urban form, VKT, and mode shares by examining office commuting patterns in the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area (GTHA) through a structural equation modeling approach. The model supports the substantial impact of urban form on the reduction of VKT; however, it indicates that such an impact is made mostly through shifting modes, rather than directly on reduced travel distances. This model is then used to evaluate critically a regional growth plan for the GTHA, finding that strategies focusing solely on increasing land use densities in employment centers are not likely to reduce regional VKT significantly without also easing commuting auto dependency. Thus, it is recommended that more sustainable travel alternatives for workers in employment centers should be provided to achieve a sufficient reduction in VKT.

scholarly journals A Decision-Making Tool for Urban Planners: A Framework to Model the Interdependency among Land Use, Accessibility, Density, and Surface Runoff in Urban Areas

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 522
Author(s):  
Samith Madusanka ◽  
Chethika Abenayake ◽  
Amila Jayasinghe ◽  
Chaminda Perera
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Variable Surface

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the four-dimensional relationship between land use, accessibility, density, and surface runoff in urban areas. In contemporary literature, a series of studies have been conducted that extensively discuss the natural components associated with the surface runoff in urban areas. However, the dynamic and complex dimensions of the urban form, such as land use, accessibility, and density, are yet to be fully understood. In this study, a 4D diagram was utilized to identify relationships between dimensions, in addition to decision tree analysis, to explore the structural flow between selected variables. Furthermore, a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach was employed with the purpose of investigating the direct, indirect, and moderating effects on the targeted dependent variable, surface runoff. The results of the analysis reported a strong correlation between land use, accessibility, density, and surface runoff, with an R-squared value of 0.802, which indicates an acceptable model accuracy by the international standard. A positive relationship between the four dimensions was indicated by the higher accessibility; the higher density in terms of a higher floor space index (FSI), ground space index (GSI), and open space; the building height of the adjacent buildings; the higher diversity of the land use; and the higher surface runoff. Accordingly, the findings of the study offer policy implications in the fields of land use planning, zoning regulations and overall urban development planning towards achieving climate resilient cities.

scholarly journals Insights Into the Correspondence Between Land Use Pattern and Spatial Distribution of Rail Transit Services

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongqi Wang ◽  
Qi Han ◽  
Bauke de Vries ◽  
Li Dai
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Operations Management ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Rail Transit ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Transit Services ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe identification of the relationship between land use and transport lays the foundation for integrated land use and transport planning and management. This work aims to investigate how rail transit is linked to land use. The research on the relationship between land use and rail-based transport is dominated by the impacts of rail projects on land use, without an in-depth understanding of the reverse. However, it is important to note that issues of operation management rather than new constructions deserve greater attention for regions with established rail networks. Given that there is a correspondence between land use patterns and spatial distribution of heavy railway transit (HRT) services at such regions, the study area (i.e., the Netherlands) is partitioned by the Voronoi diagram of HRT stations and the causal relationship between land use and HRT services is examined by structural equation modeling (SEM). The case study of Helmond (a Dutch city) shows the potential of the SEM model for discussing the rail station selection problem in a multiple transit station region (MTSR). Furthermore, in this study, the node place model is adapted with the derivatives of the SEM model (i.e., the latent variable scores for rail service levels and land use characteristics), which are assigned as node and place indexes respectively, to analyze and differentiate the integration of land use and HRT services at the regional level. The answer to whether and how land use affects rail transit services from this study strengthens the scientific basis for rail transit operations management. The SEM model and the modified node place model are complementary to be used as analytical and decision-making tools for rail transit-oriented regional development.

Determinants of Customer Loyalty Dimensions

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Doddahulugappa Goutam ◽  
Gopalakrishna B. V. ◽  
Shirshendu Ganguli
Keyword(s):  
Service Quality ◽  
Customer Loyalty ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Email Survey

This study aims to explore the factors influencing attitudinal, affective, as well as cognitive loyalties. Theoretical framework was developed by integrating the e-service quality, e-satisfaction, e-loyalty (the three dimensions), e-commitment, and e-trust. Nine hundred thirty-seven valid replies were collected from internet shoppers through using email survey method. Exploratory factor analysis as well as Structural equation modeling was accomplished to examine the anticipated model by using SPSS-V23 and AMOS-V23. Results confirm that e-service quality has an influence on satisfaction, trust, and commitment. The authors have considered e-satisfaction, e-trust, and e-commitment as mediating variables between e-service quality and e-loyalty dimensions and tested for it as well. E-satisfaction has a substantial impact on e-trust and trust acts as a mediator between satisfaction and attitudinal, affective, and cognitive loyalty. Further, e-trust has an influence on commitment and commitment acts as a mediator between trust and attitudinal, affective, and cognitive loyalty. Moreover, commitment has a positive effect on attitudinal and cognitive loyalty but does not have any impact on affective loyalty.

Analysis of Elderly Mobility by Structural Equation Modeling

2003 ◽  
Vol 1854 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sungyop Kim
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Model ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Puget Sound ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Elderly Mobility

Mobility is a critical element of quality of life. This is as true for the elderly population as for the larger population. The elderly often have limited physical abilities and financial constraints that might reduce their mobility. Helping the growing elderly population to maintain decent mobility is a critical challenge for transportation planning and policy. For this, the factors that influence the mobility of the elderly population (elderly mobility) must be understood. Only a few systematic studies, however, have been published. Descriptive statistics of the potentially influential factors make it difficult to assess their effects on elderly mobility. The transportation mobility of retired people age 65 years or older in the Puget Sound region of Washington State was analyzed by using a structural equation model. The statistical significance and relative effects of various personal and household characteristics and urban form on elderly mobility were tested. The structural equation model finds statistically significant relationships between age, gender, transportation disability, possession of a driver's license, and education level and elderly mobility. Among these variables, age and education level show the strongest effects. Urban form, however, seems to be insignificant.

INTEGRATION OF SUSTAINABILITY INDICATORS IN URBAN FORMATION: A GAP ANALYSIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ogungbenro Matthew Taiwo ◽  
Salfarina Samsudin ◽  
Dzurllkanian @ Zulkarnain Daud ◽  
Olukolajo Michael Ayodele
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Gap Analysis ◽  
Social Sustainability ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Specific Reference

Cities and urban centers are made for people and not vice versa. However, many policies on urban formation fail to take cognisance of human factors in their design and planning. Restructuring of cities to accommodate the economics and environmental demand of urbanisation alters the organic urban form. Modernists often concentrate on road construction, fresh air circulation, light, space, space for vehicles, etc., but ignore city architecture's social dimension. This study explores the psychological aspect of cities and housing due to the trends in the land-use change in sustainable city agenda with specific reference to Ibadan City. This work is an extract of research on the community perspective of land-use change on social sustainability. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire from 397 residents of the Central Local Government and analysed using Partial Least Square - Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) and Relative Importance Index (RII). The results show the urban form characterised by land-use change and its consequential effects on social sustainability. The alteration of the urban form through land-use changes by individual landowners' decisions impacts others' social sustainability. It was recommended that policymakers incorporate the sustainable social elements into the planning procedure.

scholarly journals Impacts of Land Use Change on the Regional Climate: A Structural Equation Modeling Study in Southern China

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhanqi Wang ◽  
Bingqing Li ◽  
Jun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Regional Climate Change ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Rapid Urbanization

With the frequent human activities operating on the earth, the impacts of land use change on the regional climate are increasingly perceptible. Under the background of the rapid urbanization, understanding the impacts of land use change on the regional climate change is vital and significant. In this study, we investigated the relationships between land use change and regional climate change through a structural equation model. Southern China was selected as the study area for its rapid urbanization and different structure of land use among its counties. The results indicate that the path coefficients of “vegetation,” “Urban and surrounding area,” and “other” to “climate” are −0.42, 0.20, and 0.46, respectively. Adding vegetation area is the main method to mitigate regional climate change. Urban and surrounding area and other areas influence regional climate by increasing temperature and precipitation to a certain extent. Adding grassland and forestry, restraining sprawl of built-up area, and making the most use of unused land are efficient ways to mitigate the regional climate change in Southern China. The results can provide feasible recommendations to land use policy maker.

scholarly journals The Impacts of Corporate Social Responsibility on Small and Medium Enterprises Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Esti Dwi Rinawiyanti ◽  
Xueli Huang ◽  
Sharif As-Saber
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Legal Responsibility ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Corporate Social

This study investigates how small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) conduct corporate social responsibility (CSR) and how it affects their performance. This study used quantitative research with data collected from 138 manufacturing SMEs in Java. By using partial least square structural equation modeling, this study discovers that economic and philanthropic responsibilities have a significant effect on customer and employee performances, whereas legal responsibility has a substantial impact on customer, employee, operational and financial performances. In contrast, ethical responsibility does not affect any aspect of company performance. The findings also highlight that legal responsibility is the most significant predictor of all four performances, and economic and philanthropic responsibilities are the second biggest predictors as each of them has a substantial effect on one performance. The results also show that customer and employee performances receive the most effect from two dimensions. Customer performance is significantly influenced by economic and legal responsibilities, while employee performance is significantly affected by legal and philanthropic responsibilities. These findings can encourage SMEs, particularly in developing countries, like Indonesia, to implement CSR beyond profit maximization and compliance to achieve higher social and financial performance.

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