Analysis of Pedestrian Hybrid Beacon Operation on Higher-Speed Roadways

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (5) ◽  
pp. 22-32
Author(s):  
Kay Fitzpatrick ◽  
Michael J. Cynecki ◽  
Michael P. Pratt ◽  
Michelle Beckley
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Control Device ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Operating Speed ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
Control Devices ◽  
Transportation Research

The pedestrian hybrid beacon (PHB) is a traffic control device used at pedestrian crossings. It was first included in the 2009 Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices and was based on the HAWK developed in Tucson, Arizona. The focus of an Arizona Department of Transportation research study was the investigation of the use of PHBs on higher-speed roads. Ten locations in Arizona representing higher operating speed conditions (85th percentile speed ranging from 44 to 54 mph) were selected for inclusion in this study. Data were collected using a multiple video camera setup. The final dataset reflected about 40 h of video data and included 1,214 pedestrians or cyclists crossing at PHBs. Overall, driver yielding for these 10 sites averaged 97%, which is similar to driver-yielding rates for PHBs installed on lower-speed streets.

Mexican Driver Comprehension of U.S. Traffic Control Devices

1998 ◽  
Vol 1628 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Gene Hawkins ◽  
Dale L. Picha ◽  
Carlos A. Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Correct Response ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
The United States ◽  
Flash Cards ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Control Devices ◽  
Traffic Control Devices ◽  
Texas Border

The Mexican border areas of Texas possess many unique characteristics that are not present in other parts of the state. One of the most obvious is the prevalence of Spanish as the primary language. Another characteristic is the large number of drivers from Mexico. These two factors may limit the ability of border area drivers to understand traffic control devices. The research study was conducted to determine how well drivers from Mexico understand 33 of the more significant traffic control devices used in the United States and Texas. The survey utilized flash-cards with open-ended questions to assess comprehension levels. It was administered to northbound traffic with Mexican license plates at international bridges in two Texas border cities. Driver responses were recorded on audiotape and later separated into several categories, including “correct” and “partially correct.” The analysis of the responses indicate that, of the 45 questions that were asked about the 33 traffic control devices, approximately half (23) had correct and partially correct response rates of over 80 percent. Approximately a third (15) had correct response rates of over 80 percent. Many of the devices with lower comprehension levels among Mexican drivers are the same devices that have lower comprehension levels among Texas drivers.

scholarly journals Motility analysis by means of video tracked markers

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 341-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kornelius Lente ◽  
Karin H. Somerlik-Fuchs ◽  
Jonas Friedrich Schiemer ◽  
Axel Heimann ◽  
Roman Ruff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Marker Position ◽  
Disease Pattern ◽  
Previous Frame ◽  
Advanced Analysis ◽  
Electromyography Signals

AbstractThe motility of the gastrointestinal tract is crucial for digestive activity and dysfunction can lead to severe disease pattern. A method for analysing the motility is needed when treatment approaches shall be evaluated. Therefore markers attached to different locations on the stomach and the bowel of pigs are video tracked in this research study. The markers are designed to provide a high contrast and have an adhesive side for fixation. Above the operation field a video camera has been placed to film the markers during the procedure. To analyse the video data a special algorithm has been implemented. The algorithm requires a registration process at the beginning of each recording which allows the parallel tracking of multiple markers. After the registration the algorithm tracks the position of the marker frame by frame. Each frame is converted into a greyscale picture by adding specified colour values of each pixel. This allows emphasizing certain colours. The centre of the marker is determined by computing the horizontal and vertical centre of the marker starting at the corresponding marker position of the previous frame. After completion the data is stored as coordinates and a video with the marker position displayed for further processing. For advanced analysis the data can be synchronized with electromyography signals, for example. The marked videos show a promising tracking of the markers. However, if the algorithm loses track of a marker during a recording, it is unlikely to relocate it due to the successive processing of the frames. Nevertheless this method provides a simple and easy to use solution for movement detection of the gastrointestinal tract.

Crash Testing and Evaluation of Work Zone Barricades

1998 ◽  
Vol 1650 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger P. Bligh ◽  
King K. Mak ◽  
Lewis R. Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Work Zone ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
Work Zones ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
Crash Testing ◽  
Texas Department ◽  
Control Devices ◽  
Traffic Control Devices ◽  
The Impact

Proper traffic control and delineation are critical to achieving safety in work zones. However, the work zone traffic control devices themselves may pose a safety hazard to vehicle occupants or work crews when impacted by errant vehicles. Thus, there was a need to research the safety performance of work zone traffic control devices to ensure that they perform satisfactorily and meet NCHRP Report 350 guidelines. Several research studies sponsored by the Texas Department of Transportation evaluated the impact performance of various work zone traffic control devices, such as temporary and portable sign supports, plastic drums, sign substrates for use with plastic drums, traffic cones, and vertical panels. Specifically addressed are the studies on barricades. Standard wooden barricade construction was found to be unacceptable due to a demonstrated potential for intrusion of fractured members into the occupant compartment. In response to deficiencies identified in the wooden barricade tests, several alternate barricade designs were developed and successfully tested.

Modelling of exploitation process of the railway traffic control device

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 53-63
Author(s):  
Mieczysław Kornaszewski
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Control Device ◽  
Railway Network ◽  
External Interference ◽  
Railway Traffic ◽  
Traffic Control System ◽  
Control Devices ◽  
Traffic Control Devices

The basic purpose of railway traffic control devices is to ensure a high level of safety of moving trains on the railway network. The railway traffic control devices often work in difficult environmental conditions and are exposed to external interference. These circumstances require continuous analysis of the state of the railway traffic control system. With time, the system's technical condition deteriorates. When its technical condition is not satisfactory it is necessary to operate it and renew its state of use. The rational implementation of exploitation tasks of the railway traffic control system allows the introduction of mathematical modeling methods into exploitation tests. Using the mathematical model of the exploitation process of the railway traffic control system, it is possible to forecast e.g. reliability indicators of its individual objects. Knowledge of exploitation parameters should be used in making decisions in the process of managing the exploitation of the railway traffic control devices.

Using All-Way Stop Control for Residential Traffic Management

1997 ◽  
Vol 1605 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin H. Cottrell
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Traffic Engineering ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Management Technique ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Traffic Volumes ◽  
Control Devices ◽  
Virginia Department

All-way or multiway stop signs are perhaps the most controversial form of residential traffic control. Because stop signs are thought of as a panacea for many traffic problems, residents are likely to request all-way stop signs more frequently than any other form of control. The Virginia Department of Transportation receives requests to install all-way stop control (AWSC) on residential streets primarily to slow traffic and to reduce cut-through traffic volumes. The effectiveness of AWSC as a residential traffic management technique is evaluated. A comprehensive review of the literature and a questionnaire survey of selected traffic engineering agencies revealed how AWSC is used in Virginia and elsewhere. Most traffic engineering agencies use AWSC warrants from FHWA’s Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD). Some agencies modify the MUTCD warrants or use a rating system because the MUTCD warrants appear to be in appropriate for residential streets with lower traffic volumes. Three case studies using a series of AWSC intersections to reduce cut-through traffic on residential streets were conducted and analyzed. In these studies, AWSC when installed at a series of residential intersections effectively reduced cut-through volumes.

scholarly journals Functional Testing of Railway Traffic Control Device

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (186) ◽  
pp. 91-96
Author(s):  
Paweł Drózd ◽  
Adam Rosiński ◽  
Lech Konopiński
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Control Device ◽  
Functional Testing ◽  
Functional Tests ◽  
Railway Traffic ◽  
Control Devices ◽  
Traffic Control Devices ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Diagnostic Properties

The article presents the problems of functional tests of railway traffic control devices. The purpose and scope of the tests as well as the impact of testing on the SRK devices are presented. The methodology of selecting tests depending on the scope of research is proposed. For this purpose, the SRK devices were analyzed for functional and diagnostic properties. Keywords: functional tests, railway traffic control devices, tests

Data visualization quality in a geographic information system using golden ratio properties

2018 ◽  
pp. 46-57
Author(s):  
A. V. Voronin ◽  
G. N. Maltsev ◽  
M. Yu. Sokhen
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Geographic Information System ◽  
Data Visualization ◽  
Golden Ratio ◽  
Quality Criterion ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Control Device ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Geoinformation Systems ◽  
System Operator

Introduction:Data visualization quality is important for the work of a geographic information system operator, determining the conditions under which he or she makes decisions concerning the displayed data. Visual perception patterns associated with the golden ratio properties allow us to formulate a criterion for data visualization quality which would characterize the possibilities of the operator’s complex perception of the video data displayed on a control device screen in the form of an electronic card.Purpose:Substantiation of a data visualization quality criterion for geoinformation systems using the golden ratio properties, and the study of the conditions for providing good visualization quality for geodata and metadata on a video control device screen in accordance with the proposed criterion.Methods:A formal definition of the data visualization quality criterion in geoinformation systems using the coefficient of the screen area information coverage as an index whose optimal value corresponds to the mathematical definition of the golden ratio; and the study of the properties of this criterion. Results: Based on the conducted analysis of visual perception of video data and golden ratio properties during the data visualization, a criterion is proposed for data visualization quality, which uses the golden ratio properties and characterizes the possibilities of complex perception of video data in an electronic map form by a geographic information system operator. Iteration algorithms for choosing the video data display scale are developed, based on the visualization quality criterion and related to the golden ratio properties. These are the basic algorithm used for each geodata layer represented on the electronicmap, and an algorithm of successive analysis of various layers of the displayed geodata. The choice of a video data display scale in accordance with the developed algorithms can be preliminarily carried out by the system operator using the parameters of standard electronic maps and geodata/metadata sets typical for the current applied problem. We have studied how the scale of the geodata and metadata displayed on an electronic map affects their visualization quality on screens of various sizes. For the considered standard volumes of displayed geodata and metadata, the best visualization quality was achieved when they were displayed on a standard computer monitor, as opposed to a portable notebook or visualization screen.Practical relevance:The proposed criterion and the recommendations for choosing a screen size for the video monitoring device or the structures of the displayed geo-objects and metadata can be used in the design of geoinformation systems, or for preliminary choice of the displayed data structure by a geoinformation system operator.

Active Helmholtz Resonator With Positive Real Impedance

2006 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Noise Control ◽  
Helmholtz Resonator ◽  
Control Device ◽  
Positive Real ◽  
Noise Field ◽  
Strictly Positive Real ◽  
Control Devices ◽  
Passive Noise ◽  
Active Resonator ◽  
Electronic Resonance

The impedance of a passive noise control device is strictly positive real, if the device is installed in noise fields with weak mean flows. Passive noise control devices are, therefore, more reliable than active ones. Active control may be applied to a Helmholtz resonator to introduce electronic resonance. It will affect the impedance Zact of the resonator. A controller may be designed such that (a) Zact is small and resistive at some tunable frequencies; and (b) Re{Zact}⩾0 in the entire frequency range of interest. If criterion (a) is satisfied, the active resonator can suppress duct noise at tunable frequencies. It is difficult to design a controller to satisfy criterion (b) because parameters of the controller depend on acoustic parameters of the noise field. A new method is proposed here to design an active controller to meet both criteria simultaneously. The satisfaction of criterion (b) implies a positive real Zact and a robust active resonator with respect to parameter variation in the noise field. Experimental results are presented to verify the performance of the active resonator.

The Economics of Air Traffic Control

1980 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Angus Hislop
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
Private Industry ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Uk

This paper is based mainly on a study carried out in 1976/7 for the UK Department of Industry into the long-term development of air traffic control systems in Europe by a team drawn from the Civil Aviation Authority, the Royal Signals and Radar Establishment and private industry, in which Coopers and Lybrand provided the economic expertise.Until the early 1970s, air traffic control was almost completely neglected by air transport economists. Economists contributed to the planning of airports and airline operations but not to the third facet of the air transport system. However, in 1970–1, in conjunction with a programme of expansion and improvement of the country's airports and airways, the US Department of Transportation launched a major study of the airport and airways system. This was designed to establish an equitable charging policy between the different categories of user but in the event its recommendations in this area have only recently begun to be followed.

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