Short-Term Field Performance and Cost-Effectiveness of Crumb-Rubber Modified Asphalt Emulsion in Chip Seal Applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110054
Author(s):  
Md Nafiur Rahman ◽  
Md Tanvir Ahmed Sarkar ◽  
Mostafa A. Elseifi ◽  
Corey Mayeux ◽  
Samuel B. Cooper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
Asphalt Emulsion ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Chip Seal ◽  
Term Field

Chip sealing is a commonly used pavement maintenance technique that aims to delay pavement deterioration by reducing water infiltration and restoring skid resistance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the short-term field performance and cost-effectiveness of chip seals prepared with different types of asphalt emulsion and application rates. A newly introduced crumb-rubber modified asphalt emulsion was evaluated, one that allows chip seal installation at the same temperature as a standard emulsion. Types of emulsion included a crumb-rubber modified asphalt emulsion (CRS-2TR), a polymer-modified emulsion (CRS-2P), and a conventional unmodified emulsion (CRS-2). Application rates were obtained from the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development (DOTD), the Texas Department of Transportation (DOT) specifications, and from the chip seal design method recommended in NCHRP Report 680. Seven chip seal sections were constructed and monitored regularly over a 12-month period. In the northbound lane, the chip seal section constructed with CRS-2TR (0.37 gal per square yard [gsy]) was the best performer statistically. In the southbound lane, the chip seal sections constructed with CRS-2TR and CRS-2P (0.31 gsy) performed similarly. Furthermore, the maximum Service Life Extension (SLE) was observed for the CRS-2TR (0.31 gsy) chip seal sections, whereas the chip seal sections constructed with CRS-2 had the lowest SLE. In addition, the most cost-effective chip seal section was achieved by the application of CRS-2TR emulsion at the Louisiana DOTD recommended emulsion application rate.

Field Evaluation and Cost Effectiveness of Crack Sealing in Flexible and Composite Pavements

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (12) ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Momen Mousa ◽  
Mostafa A. Elseifi ◽  
Mohammad Bashar ◽  
Zhongjie Zhang ◽  
Kevin Gaspard
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Asphalt Emulsion ◽  
Transverse Cracks ◽  
Crack Sealing ◽  
Composite Pavements

One of the most common methods used to treat longitudinal and transverse cracks is crack sealing (CS), which is categorized as a preventive maintenance method. Field performance and cost-effectiveness of this treatment widely vary depending on pavement conditions and installation of the material. The objective of this study was to evaluate the field performance and cost-effectiveness of CS in flexible and composite pavements in hot and wet climates such as Louisiana, and to develop a model that would quantify the expected benefits of CS given project conditions. To achieve this objective, 28 control sections that were crack-sealed between 2003 and 2010 were monitored for at least four years. These sections included flexible and composite pavements, sealed and unsealed segments, and varying traffic levels. The performance of these sections was evaluated for the random cracking index (RCI) and roughness index (RI). Based on the results of this analysis, it was concluded that CS only has a significant impact on random cracking. When compared with untreated segments, CS extended pavement service life (PSL) by two years. When compared with the original pavement, CS extended PSL by 5.6 and 3.2 years for flexible and composite pavements, respectively, if applied at the correct time. The cost-benefit analysis indicated that CS is cost-effective whether asphalt emulsion or rubberized asphalt sealant is used. A non-linear regression model was developed to predict the extension in PSL because of CS without the need for performance data based on the average daily traffic (ADT), pavement type, and prior pavement conditions.

Georgia Department of Transportation’s Experience with Microsurfacing

1998 ◽  
Vol 1616 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Watson ◽  
David Jared
Keyword(s):  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
Asphalt Emulsion ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Crack Sealing ◽  
Traffic Volumes ◽  
Henry County ◽  
Heavy Truck ◽  
Double Surface ◽  
Polymer Modified Asphalt ◽  
Pavement Noise

Microsurface mix, or microsurfacing, can be used for sealing and providing a friction surface for cracked and deteriorated surface mixes. This mix, essentially consisting of 9.5-mm (0.37-in.) screenings bonded by a polymer-modified asphalt emulsion, is economical and can be placed very swiftly. Microsurfacing is also aesthetically pleasing because of its resemblance to hot-mix asphalt. In 1990–1991, the Georgia Department of Transportation (GDOT) successfully used microsurfacing in a test section on I-75 in Henry County, which had high traffic volumes and a heavy truck concentration. Two varieties of the mix were used, and both showed little deterioration after 2 years. In 1996, GDOT opted to use microsurfacing for a 9.2-km (5.7-mi) section of I-285 in Atlanta between Conley Road and Old National Highway. This 92 lane-km (57-lane-mi) project was initiated to address the raveling and cracking in the section and improve its appearance before the 1996 summer Olympics. The I-285 project began in late May 1996 and was completed in 1 month. The microsurfacing used on I-285 has performed quite well since the project was completed. No additional problems with raveling or load cracking have been encountered. The mix has provided excellent smoothness and good friction, with a minimal increase in pavement noise levels. Microsurfacing may be suitable for use on cracked pavements in lieu of more conventional rehabilitation methods such as crack sealing, leveling, and double surface treatments.

Effects of emulsion types, application rates, and crumb rubber on the laboratory performance of chip seal

2020 ◽  
Vol 260 ◽  
pp. 119787
Author(s):  
Md Nafiur Rahman ◽  
Md Tanvir Ahmed Sarkar ◽  
Mostafa A. Elseifi ◽  
Corey Mayeux ◽  
Samuel B. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Laboratory Performance ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Chip Seal

Evolution of the Surface Performance-Graded Specification for Chip Seal Binders

2017 ◽  
Vol 2632 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Epps Martin ◽  
Shi Chang ◽  
Swathi Mayi Theeda ◽  
Edith Arámbula-Mercado
Keyword(s):  
Field Performance ◽  
First Year ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Implementation Effort ◽  
Texas Department ◽  
Chip Seal ◽  
Surface Performance ◽  
Aggregate Loss ◽  
And Performance

Over the past 15 years, a surface performance-graded (SPG) specification for chip seal binders has been developed by the Texas Department of Transportation and has been validated with laboratory measurements and the visual field performance of 120 highway sections. The SPG specification was established in an effort to extend the service life of chip seals by providing a binder grading system and an associated selection method that ( a) accounted for differences in climate and ( b) used existing equipment and performance-based properties that precluded bleeding and aggregate loss in the critical first year of service after construction. A multiyear implementation effort of this specification is ongoing. This paper describes the motivation and evolution of the SPG specification, including a summary of the validation effort and a round robin testing program with the Texas Department of Transportation and suppliers of chip seal binders. Binder selection guidelines that use this specification are provided.

scholarly journals Effect of Short-Term Aging on Asphalt Modified Using Microwave Activation Crumb Rubber

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Li ◽  
Jianing Zhou ◽  
Zhihao Zhang ◽  
Xiaolong Yang ◽  
Yu Wu
Keyword(s):  
Aging Temperature ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Creep Recovery ◽  
Microwave Activation ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Oven Test ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Aging Conditions

Effective approaches are required to be developed to solve the poor compatibility and thermal stability problems of crumb rubber-modified asphalt (CRMA). This study focuses on a method called microwave activation. However, seldom researches pay attention to the properties of MACRMA after aging. The objective of this study was to prepare microwave-activated CRMA (MACRMA) and investigate the performance of asphalt after aging. The samples were subjected to thin-film oven test (TFOT) at different times and temperatures. The effect of heat aging on the properties of MACRMA was evaluated by three indicator tests: viscosity, dynamic shear rheology test (DSR), and repeat creep recovery test (RCRT). The test results indicated that the MACRMA after two aging conditions had noticeably lower performance values (e.g., penetration, ductility) compared to unaged samples, and thus, the need to control temperature and time for mixing and construction was verified to be important. In addition, the G*/sin δ and phase angle values were largely influenced by the TFOT aging temperature and time. The MACRMA’s ability to recover was improved after aging. Compared with the aging temperature, the aging time had a more significant effect on the deformation and recovery ability of MACRMA.

Leaching Assessment of Eco-Friendly Rubberized Chip Seal Pavement

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (52) ◽  
pp. 67-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Gheni ◽  
Xuesong Liu ◽  
Mohamed A. ElGawady ◽  
Honglan Shi ◽  
Jianmin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
The United States ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Recycled Aggregate ◽  
Metal Leaching ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Asphalt Emulsion ◽  
Natural Aggregate ◽  
Chip Seal ◽  
Ph Conditions

Companies in the United States need to mine billions of tons of raw natural aggregate each year. At the same time, billions of scrap tires are stockpiled every year. As a result, replacing the natural aggregate with recycled aggregate is beneficial to the construction industry and the environment. This paper is part of a comprehensive project that developed, and field implemented, a new eco-friendly rubberized chip seal where the mineral aggregate in chip seal is partially or totally replaced with crumb rubber made of recycled tires. This paper presents an extensive study of the environmental impact of using rubber aggregate in chip seal pavement in terms of leaching under different pH conditions, including simulated acid rain. The results are compared with those of conventional chip seal. Leaching from the constituents of chip seal, that is, rubber aggregate and emulsion, was investigated. Two types of rubber and two types of asphalt emulsions were studied. The leaching performance of rubberized chip seal was also investigated. This study revealed that the toxic heavy metals leached from the rubberized chip seal, for pH ranging from 4 to 10, were below that of the EPA drinking water standards. In addition, a significant reduction of heavy metal leaching was recorded when rubber was used with emulsion in the form of chip seal pavement under different pH conditions. Finally, the metal leaching in all types of samples (including rubber, asphalt emulsion, and chip seal) decreased with the increase in pH value.

Short-Term and Long-Term Aging Behavior of Rubber Modified Asphalt Paving Mixture

1996 ◽  
Vol 1530 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Y. Liang ◽  
Suckhong Lee
Keyword(s):  
Complex Modulus ◽  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Aging Behavior ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Modified Binders ◽  
Asphalt Paving

Aging of asphalt has been an important subject area that has received extensive studies in recent years. Test results of short-term and long-term aging behavior of crumb rubber modifier (CRM) modified asphalt paving materials are presented. Eighteen combinations of CRM modified binders in terms of CRM size, CRM content, and base asphalt cement grade were studied by Brookfield viscometer test and dynamic shear rheometer test. The short-term aged binders were prepared using thin film oven test. Viscosity was measured at 350°F in the Brookfield thermosel after mixing at 375°F for 2 hr. The test results showed that the size and percentage of CRM affected the viscosity development in the modified binders: the smaller the CRM size and the higher the CRM content, the higher the viscosity measured after 2-hr reaction at 375°F. Short-term aging exerted more viscosity increase in the CRM modified binders than in the unmodified binders. Modified binders showed less weight loss than unmodified binders. The modified binders showed higher complex modulus G* than unmodified. Short-term aging increased G*, with modified binders exhibiting higher increase. The Marshall mix design yielded various CRM modified mixes. The result of indirect tensile strength tests showed that short-term and long-term aging increased the measured tensile strengths. The resilient modulus test results, in general, supported the general understanding that aging tended to increase resilient modulus.

Properties Comparisons and Cost Analysis of Asphaltic Cement Grade 80/100 and 60/70 Modified with Crumb Rubber and SBS Polymer

2014 ◽  
Vol 911 ◽  
pp. 484-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudniran Phetcharat
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Softening Point ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Asphalt Cement ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Polymer Modified Asphalt ◽  
The Cost

Enhancing the quality of AC 60/70 using crumb rubber and SBS polymer has its limitations. These limitations are in terms of lower than standard penetration properties, softening point and ductility based on the polymer modified asphalt cement TISI 2156-2547 standard. This research aimed at eliminating the problem by using AC 80/100 and modifying it with crumb rubber or SBS polymer at different quantities. Two types of AC were compared in this research. The qualities tested were penetration, softening point, ductility, flash point and weight loss due to heat. The results of the quality of properties tested were analyzed based on TISI 2156-2547 standardfor AC. Furthermore, the research goes on to analyze the cost effectiveness of the modification and found that modified AC 80/100 has better qualities than AC 60/70 but is 5% higher in cost. Modifying AC 80/100 with 5 wt.% crumb rubber and 4 wt.% SBS polymer will decrease the penetration and ductility problem compared to modifying AC 60/70 with the same additives. However, the softening point is still a problem for both grades of AC.

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