Cordon-Based Pricing Schemes for Mixed Urban-Freeway Networks using Macroscopic Fundamental Diagrams

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110159
Author(s):  
Xuting Wang ◽  
Vikash V. Gayah
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
User Equilibrium ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Urban Networks ◽  
Time Control ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Freeway Networks ◽  
Mixed Networks ◽  
Urban Freeway ◽  
Pricing Schemes

The development of traffic models based on macroscopic fundamental diagrams (MFD) enables many real-time control strategies for urban networks, including cordon-based pricing schemes. However, most existing MFD-based pricing strategies are designed only to optimize the traffic-related performance, without considering the revenue collected by operators. In this study, we investigate cordon-based pricing schemes for mixed networks with urban networks and freeways. In this system, heterogeneous commuters choose their routes based on the user equilibrium principle. There are two types of operational objective for operating urban networks: (1) to optimize the urban network’s performance, that is, to maximize the outflux; and (2) to maximize the revenue for operators. To compare those two objectives, we first apply feedback control to design pricing schemes to optimize the urban network’s performance. Then, we formulate an optimal control problem to obtain the revenue-maximization pricing scheme. With numerical examples, we illustrate the difference between those pricing schemes.

Pollution based real time control strategies for combined sewer systems

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 331-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Weinreich ◽  
Wolfgang Schilling ◽  
Ane Birkely ◽  
Tallak Moland
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Simple Extension ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Receiving Waters ◽  
Tunnel System

This paper presents results from an application of a newly developed simulation tool for pollution based real time control (PBRTC) of urban drainage systems. The Oslo interceptor tunnel is used as a case study. The paper focuses on the reduction of total phosphorus Ptot and ammonia-nitrogen NH4-N overflow loads into the receiving waters by means of optimized operation of the tunnel system. With PBRTC the total reduction of the Ptot load is 48% and of the NH4-N load 51%. Compared to the volume based RTC scenario the reductions are 11% and 15%, respectively. These further reductions could be achieved with a relatively simple extension of the operation strategy.

scholarly journals Development of a Multi-Architecture and Multi-Application Hybrid Vehicle Design and Management Tool

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiyu Gan ◽  
Daniela Chrenko ◽  
Alan Kéromnès ◽  
Luis Le Moyne
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Object Oriented Programming ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Hybrid Architecture ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Hybrid Architectures ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Hybrid Solutions

Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) are very promising sustainable mobility solutions. Series, parallel and series-parallel (SP) seem to be three most promising architectures among the multitude of hybrid architectures, and it is possible to find them in a multi-applications such as the motorcycles, family-cars, hybrid city busses and sport cars. It is import to have a well configured model in order to develop the different control strategies (CsTs) for each application. Therefore, a multi-architecture/multi-application (MAMA) approach capable of identifying the most energy efficient hybrid architecture considering both the dimensions of key components: electric motor (EM), battery, internal combustion engine (ICE) and the optimal control is presented. Basis of the model is the energetic macroscopic representation (EMR), which has been combined with object oriented programming (OOP) in order to enhance its modularity and reuse capabilities. The obtained results show, that different hybrid architectures are most adapted for different applications. Moreover, the robustness of the results using real time control algorithms are studied, showing that CsT matters. The obtained results contribute to simplify and harmonize the design of hybrid solutions for multiple applications.

Dynamic modeling, system identification and comparative study of various control strategies for a spatial parallel manipulator

2021 ◽  
pp. 095965182110320
Author(s):  
Mervin Joe Thomas ◽  
Shoby George ◽  
Deepak Sreedharan ◽  
ML Joy ◽  
AP Sudheer
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Parallel Manipulator ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Proportional Integral Derivative ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Model Predictive Controller ◽  
End Effector ◽  
Proportional Integral ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Predictive Controller

The significant challenges seen with the mathematical modeling and control of spatial parallel manipulators are its difficulty in the kinematic formulation and the inability to real-time control. The analytical approaches for the determination of the kinematic solutions are computationally expensive. This is due to the passive joints, solvability issues with non-linear equations, and inherent kinematic constraints within the manipulator architecture. Therefore, this article concentrates on an artificial neural network–based system identification approach to resolve the complexities of mathematical formulations. Moreover, the low computation time with neural networks adds up to its advantage of real-time control. Besides, this article compares the performance of a constant gain proportional–integral–derivative (PID), variable gain proportional–integral–derivative, model predictive controller, and a cascade controller with combined variable proportional–integral–derivative and model predictive controller for real-time tracking of the end-effector. The control strategies are simulated on the Simulink model of a 6-degree-of-freedom 3-PPSS (P—prismatic; S—spherical) parallel manipulator. The simulation and real-time experiments performed on the fabricated manipulator prototype indicate that the proposed cascade controller with position and velocity compensation is an appropriate method for accurate tracking along the desired path. Also, training the network using the experimentally generated data set incorporates the mechanical joint approximations and link deformities present in the fabricated model into the predicted results. In addition, this article showcases the application of Euler–Lagrangian formalism on the 3-PPSS parallel manipulator for its dynamic model incorporating the system constraints. The Lagrangian multipliers include the influence of the constraint forces acting on the manipulator platform. For completeness, the analytical model results have been verified using ADAMS for a pre-defined end-effector trajectory.

Intelligent Aquaculture Monitoring System Based on Fieldbus

2013 ◽  
Vol 853 ◽  
pp. 646-651
Author(s):  
Ling Zhou ◽  
Ying Xing
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Management Platform ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Database Server ◽  
The Status ◽  
Environment Control ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Practical Measure

This paper analyses the status of aquiculture in China and gives out some of its potential problems. In order to over these problems, Industrial fieldbus and Intranet technology are used in this paper to achieve the hardware and software design, as well as control strategies for factory aquaculture. It applies WEB server, database server and browser to establish the management platform for environment control and production process. The whole system was successfully verified at Zhenjiang production base. Through a real-time control of dissolved oxygen, temperature and PH in pond, this system stabilizes these parameters at each own optimum values, and dramatically improves the overall productivity. The test results show that this system is easy-operated and user friendly, it provides a direct and practical measure for aquiculture, and saves energy as well.

Performance evaluation of a full-scale advanced phase isolation ditch process by using real-time control strategies

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 611-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyosoo Kim ◽  
Yejin Kim ◽  
Minsoo Kim ◽  
Wenhua Piao ◽  
Jeasung Gee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Advanced Phase

Astlingen – a benchmark for real time control (RTC)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2017 (2) ◽  
pp. 552-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Schütze ◽  
Maja Lange ◽  
Michael Pabst ◽  
Ulrich Haas
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Time Control ◽  
System 2 ◽  
Water Association

Abstract This contribution serves two purposes. (1) It presents an updated version of the Astlingen example developed by the working group ‘Integral Real Time Control’ of the German Water Association (DWA), which serves as a benchmark example for the setup and evaluation of real time control strategies. As this benchmark is also intended for educational use, it demonstrates a simple RTC algorithm, illustrating the main concepts of RTC of drainage system. (2) The paper also encourages the preliminary analysis of the potential feasibility and benefit of a temporal increase of inflow to the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) before analysing the WWTP behaviour in detail. For the present example, RTC within the sewer system alone led to almost the same reduction of overflow volume as permitting the inflow to the WWTP to be increased for 6 h within any 24 h, if at all permitted.

scholarly journals An MPC-Enabled SWMM Implementation of the Astlingen RTC Benchmarking Network

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Congcong Sun ◽  
Jan Lorenz Svensen ◽  
Morten Borup ◽  
Vicenç Puig ◽  
Gabriela Cembrano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Advanced Control ◽  
Water Association ◽  
Benchmark System ◽  
Receiving Waters ◽  
Global Strategies ◽  
Swmm Model

The advanced control of urban drainage systems (UDS) has great potential in reducing pollution to the receiving waters by optimizing the operations of UDS infrastructural elements. Existing controls vary in complexity, including local and global strategies, Real-Time Control (RTC) and Model Predictive Control (MPC). Their results are, however, site-specific, hindering a direct comparison of their performance. Therefore, the working group ‘Integral Real-Time Control’ of the German Water Association (DWA) developed the Astlingen benchmark network, which has been implemented in conceptual hydrological models and applied to compare RTC strategies. However, the level of detail of such implementations is insufficient for testing more complex MPC strategies. In order to provide a benchmark for MPC, this paper presents: (1) The implementation of the conceptual Astlingen system in an open-source hydrodynamic model (EPA-SWMM), and (2) the application of an MPC strategy to the developed SWMM model. The MPC strategy was tested against traditional and well-established local and global RTC approaches, demonstrating how the proposed benchmark system can be used to test and compare complex control strategies.

Development of a Control Strategy to Reduce Combined Sewerage Overflows: The Case of Bremen – Left of the Weser

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 201-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amar Khelil ◽  
Stefan Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Time Control ◽  
On Line ◽  
Line Survey ◽  
The City

In recent years, the population and authorities in West Germany have become very concerned with water pollution. In this respect, combined sewage discharges have been pointed out as a major source. Various measures can be considered, which can be ordered into three categories: a redefinition of the objectives of the Urban Drainage System (UDS), the reshaping of the UDS (e.g. extension of the storage capacity) or the modification of its operation. Among the latter measures, Real-Time Control (RTC) constitutes the main option. It aims at a better exploitation of the existing storage potential. As the city of Bremen (Germany) decided, several years ago, to renew the on-line survey and monitoring system of its UDS, the determination of on-line strategies to operate the pumps came to the fore. Methods and tools to investigate the possibility to reduce the pollution loads through improved control strategies have been developed. Some results are presented.

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