Effects of an Intervention Program on Lower Extremity Biomechanics in Stop-Jump and Side-Cutting Tasks

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 3014-3022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Yang ◽  
Wanxiang Yao ◽  
William E. Garrett ◽  
Deborah L. Givens ◽  
Jonathon Hacke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Flexion Angle ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Knee Flexion Angle ◽  
Intervention Effects

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is one of the most common injuries in sport. To reduce the risk of noncontact ACL injury, it is critical to understand the effects of an intervention program on neuromuscular control–related biomechanical risk factors. Hypothesis: A newly developed 4-week intervention program would significantly increase the knee flexion angle at peak impact posterior ground-reaction force and would significantly decrease the peak impact posterior and vertical ground-reaction forces in the stop-jump and side-cutting tasks, while the intervention effects would be retained after the training was completed. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A total of 22 male and 18 female collegiate basketball and volleyball players with biomechanical characteristics associated with increased risk of ACL injury were recruited and randomly assigned to either the intervention group or the control group. The intervention group executed a program to improve landing techniques through strength and plyometric training 3 times a week for 4 weeks while participating in their regular training. The control group participated in only their regular training for 4 weeks. Three-dimensional kinematic and kinetic data in the stop-jump and side-cutting tasks were collected at week 0 (the beginning of the study) and at the ends of weeks 4, 8, 16, and 20. Knee flexion angle and ground-reaction forces were calculated. Analyses of variance with a mixed design were performed to determine the intervention effects and the retention of intervention effects for each sex. Results: Male participants in the intervention group significantly increased the knee flexion angle at peak impact posterior ground-reaction force in the stop-jump task at weeks 8, 12, and 20 when compared with that at week 0 and with the male control group ( P ≤ .002). No significant intervention effects on knee flexion angle and ground-reaction force were found in the side-cutting task for male participants. No significant interaction effects on takeoff velocities were detected in any task for male participants. No significant intervention effects on knee flexion angle and ground-reaction force were found in any task for female participants. Vertical takeoff velocity in the stop-jump task was significantly lower in the intervention group at week 20 compared with the control group ( P = .011). Conclusion: A 4-week intervention program significantly increased the knee flexion angle at peak impact posterior ground-reaction force of male collegiate athletes in the stop-jump task without significant effect on the performance of the task. This intervention effect was retained for at least 16 weeks after the training was completed. The intervention program, however, did not affect knee flexion angle and ground-reaction force in any task for female collegiate athletes. A reduction in vertical takeoff velocity of the stop-jump task was observed for female collegiate athletes 16 weeks after the intervention. Clinical Relevance: The intervention program with strength conditioning and plyometric exercises could modify landing biomechanics of male collegiate athletes in a stop-jump task. The intervention program may be a useful tool for preventing noncontact ACL injury for male collegiate athletes.

Effects of a Knee Extension Constraint Brace on Selected Lower Extremity Motion Patterns during a Stop-Jump Task

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-Feng Lin ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
William E. Garrett ◽  
Bing Yu
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Velocity ◽  
Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Horizontal Velocity ◽  
Flexion Angle ◽  
Knee Flexion Angle ◽  
Extremity Motion

Small knee flexion angle during landing has been proposed as a potential risk factor for sustaining noncontact ACL injury. A brace that promotes increased knee flexion and decreased posterior ground reaction force during landing may prove to be advantageous for developing prevention strategies. Forty male and forty female recreational athletes were recruited. Three-dimensional videographic and ground reaction force data in a stop-jump task were collected in three conditions. Knee flexion angle at peak posterior ground reaction force, peak posterior ground reaction force, the horizontal velocity of approach run, the vertical velocity at takeoff, and the knee flexion angle at takeoff were compared among conditions: knee extension constraint brace, nonconstraint brace, and no brace. The knee extension constraint brace significantly increased knee flexion angle at peak posterior ground reaction force. Both knee extension constraint brace and nonconstraint brace significantly decreased peak posterior ground reaction force during landing. The brace and knee extension constraint did not significantly affect the horizontal velocity of approach run, the vertical velocity at takeoff, and the knee flexion angle at takeoff. A knee extension constraint brace exhibits the ability to modify the knee flexion angle at peak posterior ground reaction force and peak posterior ground reaction force during landing.

Effects of Knee Extension Constraint Training on Knee Flexion Angle and Peak Impact Ground-Reaction Force

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 979-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Liu ◽  
Will Wu ◽  
Wanxiang Yao ◽  
Jeffrey T. Spang ◽  
R. Alexander Creighton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Flexion Angle ◽  
Knee Flexion Angle

scholarly journals The Kinematics and Kinetics Analysis of the Lower Extremity in the Landing Phase of a Stop-jump Task

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Yin ◽  
D Sun ◽  
Q.C Mei ◽  
Y.D Gu ◽  
J.S Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Flexion Angle ◽  
Contact Phase ◽  
Peak Knee ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Kinematics And Kinetics

Large number of studies showed that landing with great impact forces may be a risk factor for knee injuries. The purpose of this study was to illustrate the different landing loads to lower extremity of both genders and examine the relationships among selected lower extremity kinematics and kinetics during the landing of a stop-jump task. A total of 35 male and 35 female healthy subjects were recruited in this study. Each subject executed five experiment actions. Lower extremity kinematics and kinetics were synchronously acquired. The comparison of lower extremity kinematics for different genders showed significant difference. The knee and hip maximum flexion angle, peak ground reaction force and peak knee extension moment have significantly decreased during the landing of the stop-jump task among the female subjects. The hip flexion angle at the initial foot contact phase showed significant correlation with peak ground reaction force during landing of the stop-jump task (r=-0.927, p<0.001). The knee flexion angle at the initial foot contact phase had significant correlation with peak ground reaction force and vertical ground reaction forces during landing of the stop-jump task (r=-0.908, p<0.001; r=0.812, P=0.002). A large hip and knee flexion angles at the initial foot contact with the ground did not necessarily reduce the impact force during landing, but active hip and knee flexion motions did. The hip and knee flexion motion of landing was an important technical factor that affects anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) loading during the landing of the stop-jump task.

Patellofemoral Joint Stress during Running with Added Load in Females

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (06) ◽  
pp. 412-418
Author(s):  
Molly Kujawa ◽  
Aleyna Goerlitz ◽  
Drew Rutherford ◽  
Thomas W. Kernozek
Keyword(s):  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Patellofemoral Joint ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Force Platform ◽  
Flexion Angle ◽  
Knee Flexion Angle ◽  
Peak Knee ◽  
Foot Strike ◽  
Quadriceps Force

AbstractPatellofemoral joint (PFJ) pain syndrome is a commonly reported form of pain in female runners and military personnel. Increased PFJ stress may be a contributing factor. Few studies have examined PFJ stress running with added load. Our purpose was to analyze PFJ stress, PFJ reaction force, quadriceps force, knee flexion angle, and other kinematic and temporospatial variables running with and without a 9 kg load. Nineteen females ran across a force platform with no added load and 9.0 kg weight vest. Kinematic data were collected using 3D motion capture and kinetic data with a force platform. Muscle forces were estimated using a musculoskeletal model, and peak PFJ loading variables were calculated during stance. Multivariate analyses were run on PFJ loading variables and on cadence, step length and foot strike index. Differences were shown in PFJ stress, PFJ reaction force, peak knee flexion angle and quadriceps force. Joint specific kinetic variables increased between 5–16% with added load. PFJ loading variables increased with 9 kg of added load without changes in cadence, step length, or foot strike index compared to no load. Added load appears to increase the PFJ loading variables associated with PFJ pain in running.

scholarly journals Progressive Changes in Walking Kinematics and Kinetics After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury and Reconstruction: A Review and Meta-Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 847-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay V. Slater ◽  
Joseph M. Hart ◽  
Adam R. Kelly ◽  
Christopher M. Kuenze
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Flexion Angle ◽  
Knee Adduction Moment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Knee Flexion Angle ◽  
Peak Knee ◽  
Healthy Control

Context:  Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and ACL reconstruction (ACLR) result in persistent alterations in lower extremity movement patterns. The progression of lower extremity biomechanics from the time of injury has not been described. Objective:  To compare the 3-dimensional (3D) lower extremity kinematics and kinetics of walking among individuals with ACL deficiency (ACLD), individuals with ACLR, and healthy control participants from 3 to 64 months after ACLR. Data Sources:  We searched PubMed and Web of Science from 1970 through 2013. Study Selection and Data Extraction:  We selected only articles that provided peak kinematic and kinetic values during walking in individuals with ACLD or ACLR and comparison with a healthy control group or the contralateral uninjured limb. Data Synthesis:  A total of 27 of 511 identified studies were included. Weighted means, pooled standard deviations, and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for the healthy control, ACLD, and ACLR groups at each reported time since surgery. The magnitude of between-groups (ACLR versus ACLD, control, or contralateral limb) differences at each time point was evaluated using Cohen d effect sizes and associated 95% confidence intervals. Peak knee-flexion angle (Cohen d = −0.41) and external knee-extensor moment (Cohen d = −0.68) were smaller in the ACLD than in the healthy control group. Peak knee-flexion angle (Cohen d range = −0.78 to −1.23) and external knee-extensor moment (Cohen d range = −1.39 to −2.16) were smaller in the ACLR group from 10 to 40 months after ACLR. Reductions in external knee-adduction moment (Cohen d range = −0.50 to −1.23) were present from 9 to 42 months after ACLR. Conclusions:  Reductions in peak knee-flexion angle, external knee-flexion moment, and external knee-adduction moment were present in the ACLD and ACLR groups. This movement profile during the loading phase of gait has been linked to knee-cartilage degeneration and may contribute to the development of osteoarthritis after ACLR.

scholarly journals Progression of Fatigue Modifies Primary Contributors to Ground Reaction Forces During Drop Landing

2021 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-173
Author(s):  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
Mianfang Ruan ◽  
Navrag B. Singh ◽  
Lingyan Huang ◽  
Xin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Joint Stiffness ◽  
Knee Flexion Angle ◽  
Vertical Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Severe Fatigue ◽  
Peak Knee ◽  
Vertical Ground

Abstract Few studies have focused on the effect of fatigue severity on landing strategy. This study aimed to investigate the effect of fatigue progression on ground reaction force during landing. Eighteen participants performed a fatigue exercise protocol. Then participants performed drop landings at three levels of fatigue: no fatigue, medium fatigue, and severe fatigue. Multiple linear regression was conducted to identify the predictors of the peak vertical ground reaction force at each level of fatigue. Two-way ANOVAs were conducted to test the effect of fatigue on the vertical ground reaction force and the predictors. For the vertical ground reaction force, the knee joint stiffness and the knee angle at initial contact were the main predictors at no fatigue. The peak knee flexion angle and knee power were the main predictors at medium fatigue. However, the peak ankle plantarflexion moments became the main predictor at severe fatigue. The vertical ground reaction force decreased from no to medium fatigue (p = 0.001), and then increased from medium to severe fatigue (p = 0.034). The knee joint stiffness decreased from no to medium fatigue (p = 0.049), and then remained unchanged from medium to severe fatigue. The peak knee flexion angle increased from no to medium fatigue (p = 0.001), and then slightly decreased from medium to severe fatigue (p = 0.051). The results indicate that fatigue progression causes a transition from stiff to soft landing, and then to stiff landing. Participants used ankle joints more to control the landing intensity at severe fatigue.

The Efficacy of Simultaneously Training 2 Motion Targets During a Squat Using Auditory Feedback

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Rena F. Hale ◽  
Sandor Dorgo ◽  
Roger V. Gonzalez ◽  
Jerome Hausselle
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Flexion Angle ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Knee Flexion Angle ◽  
Trained Group ◽  
Performance Development ◽  
And Performance

Auditory feedback is a simple, low-cost training solution that can be used in rehabilitation, motor learning, and performance development. The use has been limited to the instruction of a single kinematic or kinetic target. The goal of this study was to determine if auditory feedback could be used to simultaneously train 2 lower-extremity parameters to perform a bodyweight back squat. A total of 42 healthy, young, recreationally active males participated in a 4-week training program to improve squat biomechanics. The Trained group (n = 22) received 4 weeks of auditory feedback. Feedback focused on knee flexion angle and center of pressure under the foot at maximum squat depth. The Control group (n = 20) performed squats without feedback. Subjects were tested pre, post, and 1 week after training. The Trained group achieved average target knee flexion angle within 1.73 (1.31) deg (P < .001) after training and 5.36 (3.29) deg (P < .01) at retention. While achieving target knee flexion angle, the Trained group maintained target center of pressure (P < .001). The Control group improved knee range of motion, but were not able to achieve both parameter targets at maximum squat depth (P < .90). Results from this study demonstrate that auditory feedback is an effective way to train 2 independent biomechanical targets simultaneously.

scholarly journals A Kinesio Taping Method Applied in the Treatment of Postsurgical Knee Swelling after Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 2992
Author(s):  
Jaromir Jarecki ◽  
Magdalena Sobiech ◽  
Karolina Turżańska ◽  
Agnieszka Tomczyk-Warunek ◽  
Mirosław Jabłoński
Keyword(s):  
Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Flexion Angle ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Knee Flexion Angle ◽  
Kinesio Taping ◽  
Total Knee ◽  
The Mean

Background The knee is one of the joints in the human body that is most susceptible of osteoarthritis (OA). In the case of advanced-stage OA, total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a treatment of choice. One modern physiotherapeutic method to support the treatment in the early postsurgical period is Kinesio Taping (KT). The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of KT on swollen subcutaneous tissue after TKA. Materials and methods. The studied group consisted of 23 patients who had received TKA. The mean BMI was 30.60 ± 4.91, and KT was applied between the 3rd and 8th day of the early postoperative period. The control group was constituted by 22 patients who had received TKA. The mean BMI was 30.41 ± 6.00, and KT was not applied. On the 3rd and 8th day after TKA, in all patients, the swelling of the shin, range of motions (ROM), and pain were measured using ultrasound, a goniometer, and a VAS scale, respectively. Results. In the KT group, the lateral measurement at the top of the head of the fibula significantly decreased between the 3rd and 8th day (11.47 ± 0.76 vs. 9.76 ± 0.77; p = 0.0004). The knee flexion angle on day 3 was statistically significantly different from that on day 8 (48.61 ± 3.08 vs. 72.74 ± 3.92; p = 0.00004). The evaluation results for severity of pain using the VAS scale on day 3 were statistically significantly higher than those on day 8 (5.74 ± 0.25 vs. 4.30 ± 0.25; p = 0.00006). In the group of patients to whom KT was not applied, the lateral measurement at the top of the head of the fibula on day 3 was not statistically significantly different from that on day 8 (10.323 ± 0.828 vs. 10.273 ± 0.995; p = 0.9227). The knee flexion angle in the group that did not receive KT on day 3 was statistically significantly different from that on day 8 (45.182 ± 3.654 vs. 59.909 ± 4.817; p = 0.0006). The severity of pain evaluated using the VAS scale on day 3 was statistically significantly different from that on day 8 (6.227 ± 0.146 vs. 4.864 ± 0.190; p = 0.0001). Conclusions. KT is an effective method for improving subcutaneous drainage and decreasing subcutaneous tissue. However, KT does not affect postoperative pain and ROM.

scholarly journals A high degree of knee flexion after TKA promotes the ability to perform high-flexion activities and patient satisfaction in Asian population

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyuk-Soo Han ◽  
Jong Seop Kim ◽  
Bora Lee ◽  
Sungho Won ◽  
Myung Chul Lee
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Flexion Angle ◽  
Knee Flexion Angle ◽  
High Flexion ◽  
Standing Up

Abstract Background This study investigated whether achieving a higher degree of knee flexion after TKA promoted the ability to perform high-flexion activities, as well as patient satisfaction and quality of life. Methods Clinical data on 912 consecutive primary TKA cases involving a single high-flexion posterior stabilized fixed-bearing prosthesis were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic and clinical data were collected, including knee flexion angle, the ability to perform high-flexion activities, and patient satisfaction and quality of life. Results Of the cases, 619 (68%) achieved > 130° of knee flexion after TKA (high flexion group). Knee flexion angle and clinical scores showed significant annual changes, with the maximum improvement seen at 5 years and slight deterioration observed at 10 years postoperatively. In the high flexion group, more than 50% of the patients could not kneel or squat, and 35% could not stand up from on the floor. Multivariate analysis revealed that > 130° of knee flexion, the ability to perform high-flexion activities (sitting cross-legged and standing up from the floor), male gender, and bilateral TKA were significantly associated with patient satisfaction after TKA, while the ability to perform high-flexion activities (sitting cross-legged and standing up from the floor), male gender, and bilateral TKA were significantly associated with patient quality of life after TKA. Conclusions High knee flexion angle (> 130°) after TKA increased the ease of high-flexion activities and patient satisfaction. The ease of high-flexion activities also increased quality of life after TKA in our Asian patients, who frequently engage in these activities in daily life.

scholarly journals Kinematic Comparison between Medially Congruent and Posterior-Stabilized Third-Generation TKA Designs

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Stefano Ghirardelli ◽  
Jessica L. Asay ◽  
Erika A. Leonardi ◽  
Tommaso Amoroso ◽  
Thomas P. Andriacchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Knee Kinematics ◽  
Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Flexion Angle ◽  
Heel Strike ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Knee Flexion Angle ◽  
Posterior Stabilized ◽  
Rotational Angle ◽  
Peak Knee

Background: This study compares knee kinematics in two groups of patients who have undergone primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) using two different modern designs: medially congruent (MC) and posterior-stabilized (PS). The aim of the study is to demonstrate only minimal differences between the groups. Methods: Ten TKA patients (4 PS, 6 MC) with successful clinical outcomes were evaluated through 3D knee kinematics analysis performed using a multicamera optoelectronic system and a force platform. Extracted kinematic data included knee flexion angle at heel-strike (KFH), peak midstance knee flexion angle (MSKFA), maximum and minimum knee adduction angle (KAA), and knee rotational angle at heel-strike. Data were compared with a group of healthy controls. Results: There were no differences in preferred walking speed between MC and PS groups, but we found consistent differences in knee function. At heel-strike, the knee tended to be more flexed in the PS group compared to the MC group; the MSKFA tended to be higher in the PS group compared to the MC group. There was a significant fluctuation in KAA during the swing phase in the PS group compared to the MC group, PS patients showed a higher peak knee flexion moment compared to MC patients, and the PS group had significantly less peak internal rotation moments than the MC group. Conclusions: Modern, third-generation TKA designs failed to reproduce normal knee kinematics. MC knees tended to reproduce a more natural kinematic pattern at heel-strike and during axial rotation, while PS knees showed better kinematics during mid-flexion.

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