scholarly journals Is There a Pathological Gait Associated With Common Soft Tissue Running Injuries?

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 3023-3031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Bramah ◽  
Stephen J. Preece ◽  
Niamh Gill ◽  
Lee Herrington
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Achilles Tendinopathy ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Iliotibial Band ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Iliotibial Band Syndrome ◽  
Running Injuries ◽  
Limb Kinematics

Background: Previous research has demonstrated clear associations between specific running injuries and patterns of lower limb kinematics. However, there has been minimal research investigating whether the same kinematic patterns could underlie multiple different soft tissue running injuries. If they do, such kinematic patterns could be considered global contributors to running injuries. Hypothesis: Injured runners will demonstrate differences in running kinematics when compared with injury-free controls. These kinematic patterns will be consistent among injured subgroups. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: The authors studied 72 injured runners and 36 healthy controls. The injured group contained 4 subgroups of runners with either patellofemoral pain, iliotibial band syndrome, medial tibial stress syndrome, or Achilles tendinopathy (n = 18 each). Three-dimensional running kinematics were compared between injured and healthy runners and then between the 4 injured subgroups. A logistic regression model was used to determine which parameters could be used to identify injured runners. Results: The injured runners demonstrated greater contralateral pelvic drop (CPD) and forward trunk lean at midstance and a more extended knee and dorsiflexed ankle at initial contact. The subgroup analysis of variance found that these kinematic patterns were consistent across each of the 4 injured subgroups. CPD was found to be the most important variable predicting the classification of participants as healthy or injured. Importantly, for every 1° increase in pelvic drop, there was an 80% increase in the odds of being classified as injured. Conclusion: This study identified a number of global kinematic contributors to common running injuries. In particular, we found injured runners to run with greater peak CPD and trunk forward lean as well as an extended knee and dorsiflexed ankle at initial contact. CPD appears to be the variable most strongly associated with common running-related injuries. Clinical Relevance: The identified kinematic patterns may prove beneficial for clinicians when assessing for biomechanical contributors to running injuries.

Gender Differences in Lower Limb Kinematics During Stair Descent

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo de M. Baldon ◽  
Daniel F.M. Lobato ◽  
Leonardo Furlan ◽  
Fábio Serrão
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Knee Injuries ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Iliotibial Band ◽  
Iliotibial Band Syndrome ◽  
Stair Descent ◽  
Medial Rotation ◽  
Limb Kinematics ◽  
Lower Limb Kinematics

The purpose of this study was to compare lower limb kinematics between genders during stair descent. Fifteen females and fifteen males who were healthy and active were included in this study. The lower limb kinematics (pelvis, femur and knee) in the coronal and transversal planes were assessed during stair descent at 30°, 40°, 50° and 60° of knee flexion. The study found that females showed greater knee medial rotation for all the knee flexion angles (P= .02−.001), greater femoral adduction (P= .01 for all variables), with exception for 30° (P= .13), and greater femoral lateral rotation at 60° (P= .04). Females also showed a trend to have greater knee valgus at all the knee flexion angles (P= .06−.11) as well as less contralateral pelvis elevation at 50° and 60° (P= .10 and .12, respectively). This study showed that females carry out the stair descent with a lower limb alignment that might predispose them to develop overuse knee injuries, such as the iliotibial band syndrome and patellofemoral pain syndrome. Further prospective investigations should be carried out to verify whether these variables are factors that could predict these knee injuries.

Iliotibial Band Syndrome: Soft Tissue and Biomechanical Factors in Evaluation and Treatment

PM&R ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 550-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Baker ◽  
Richard B. Souza ◽  
Michael Fredericson
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Iliotibial Band ◽  
Iliotibial Band Syndrome ◽  
Biomechanical Factors

scholarly journals Dynamic Varus and the Development of Iliotibial Band Syndrome

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher D. Stickley ◽  
Melanie M. Presuto ◽  
Kara N. Radzak ◽  
Christina M. Bourbeau ◽  
Ronald K. Hetzler
Keyword(s):  
Overuse Injury ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Knee Adduction Moment ◽  
Iliotibial Band ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Army Reserve ◽  
Vertical Stiffness ◽  
Iliotibial Band Syndrome ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Fitness Training

Context:  Although the risk of osteoarthritis development after acute knee injury has been widely studied, the long-term consequences of knee overuse injury are not well understood. Objective:  To identify the relationship between gait-related risk factors associated with osteoarthritis and the development of iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS) in members of a single University Army Reserve Officers' Training Corps unit. Design:  Prospective cohort study. Setting:  Biomechanics laboratory. Patients or Other Participants:  Sixty-eight cadets undergoing standardized physical fitness training. Intervention(s):  Three-dimensional lower extremity kinematics (240 Hz) and kinetics (960 Hz) were collected for 3 bilateral trials during shod running at 4.0 m/s ± 10%. Injury tracking was conducted for 7 months of training. Main Outcome Measure(s):  Biomechanical variables, including varus thrust and knee-adduction moment, were compared between the injured and control groups. Results:  Twenty-six cadets with no history of overuse injury served as the control group, whereas 6 cadets (7 limbs) who developed ITBS that required them to modify their training program or seek medical care (or both) served as the injured group. Maximum varus velocity was higher (P = .006) and occurred sooner during stance (P = .04) in the injured group than in the control group, indicating greater varus thrust. Maximum knee-varus angle and maximum knee-adduction moment were higher (P = .02 and P = .002, respectively) and vertical stiffness was lower (P = .03) in the injured group. Conclusions:  Measures of dynamic varus stability appeared to be altered in individuals who developed ITBS. Biomechanical knee variables previously identified as increasing the risk for knee osteoarthritis were also associated with the development of ITBS in healthy adults.

Impact-Related Ground Reaction Forces Are More Strongly Associated With Some Running Injuries Than Others

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 3072-3080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caleb D. Johnson ◽  
Adam S. Tenforde ◽  
Jereme Outerleys ◽  
Julia Reilly ◽  
Irene S. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Plantar Fasciitis ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Patellofemoral Pain ◽  
Achilles Tendinopathy ◽  
Iliotibial Band ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Stress Injury ◽  
Vertical Stiffness ◽  
Running Injuries

Background: Inconsistent associations have been reported for impact-related ground reaction force variables and running injuries when grouping all injuries together. However, previous work has shown more consistent associations when focusing on specific injuries. Purpose: To compare ground reaction force variables between healthy and injured runners as a group and within specific common injuries. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A total of 125 runners presenting with patellofemoral pain, tibial bone stress injury, plantar fasciitis, Achilles tendinopathy, or iliotibial band syndrome and 65 healthy controls completed an instrumented treadmill assessment at a self-selected speed. Impact-related ground reaction force variables included vertical average (VALR) and instantaneous (VILR) load rates, posterior and medial/lateral instantaneous load rates, and vertical stiffness at initial loading (VSIL). Mean comparisons were made between the general and specific injury and control groups (α = .05). Cutoff thresholds were established and evaluated using several criteria. Results: VALR (+17.5%; P < .01), VILR (+15.8%; P < .01), and VSIL (+19.7%; P < .01) were significantly higher in the overall injured versus control groups. For individual injuries, VALR, VILR, and VSIL were significantly higher for patellofemoral pain (+23.4%-26.4%; P < .01) and plantar fasciitis (+17.5%-29.0%; P < .01), as well as VSIL for Achilles tendinopathy (+29.4%; P < .01). Cutoff thresholds showed better diagnostic criteria for individual versus grouped injuries. Conclusion: Impact variables (VALR, VILR, and VSIL) were significantly higher when assessing the injured group as a whole. However, these findings were driven by specific injury groups, highlighting the importance of taking an injury-specific approach to biomechanical risk factors for running injury. Clinical Relevance: These results suggest that practitioners may want to address impact loading in their treatment of injured runners, especially in those with patellofemoral pain and plantar fasciitis.

scholarly journals A Random Forest Machine Learning Framework to Reduce Running Injuries in Young Triathletes

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 6388
Author(s):  
Javier Martínez-Gramage ◽  
Juan Pardo Albiach ◽  
Iván Nacher Moltó ◽  
Juan José Amer-Cuenca ◽  
Vanessa Huesa Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Forest ◽  
Classification Tree ◽  
Gluteus Medius ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Learning Framework ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Limb Injuries ◽  
Running Injuries ◽  
Trunk Extension

Background: The running segment of a triathlon produces 70% of the lower limb injuries. Previous research has shown a clear association between kinematic patterns and specific injuries during running. Methods: After completing a seven-month gait retraining program, a questionnaire was used to assess 19 triathletes for the incidence of injuries. They were also biomechanically analyzed at the beginning and end of the program while running at a speed of 90% of their maximum aerobic speed (MAS) using surface sensor dynamic electromyography and kinematic analysis. We used classification tree (random forest) techniques from the field of artificial intelligence to identify linear and non-linear relationships between different biomechanical patterns and injuries to identify which styles best prevent injuries. Results: Fewer injuries occurred after completing the program, with athletes showing less pelvic fall and greater activation in gluteus medius during the first phase of the float phase, with increased trunk extension, knee flexion, and decreased ankle dorsiflexion during the initial contact with the ground. Conclusions: The triathletes who had suffered the most injuries ran with increased pelvic drop and less activation in gluteus medius during the first phase of the float phase. Contralateral pelvic drop seems to be an important variable in the incidence of injuries in young triathletes.

scholarly journals Biomechanical Analysis of Defensive Cutting Actions During Game Situations: Six Cases in Collegiate Soccer Competitions

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shogo Sasaki ◽  
Hideyuki Koga ◽  
Tron Krosshaug ◽  
Satoshi Kaneko ◽  
Toru Fukubayashi
Keyword(s):  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Knee Kinematics ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Skeleton Model ◽  
Limb Kinematics ◽  
Mass Displacement ◽  
Hip Flexion

AbstractThe strengths of interpersonal dyads formed by the attacker and defender in one-on-one situations are crucial for performance in team ball sports such as soccer. The purpose of this study was to analyze the kinematics of one-on-one defensive movements in soccer competitions, and determine the relationships between lower limb kinematics and the center of mass translation during cutting actions. Six defensive scenes in which a player was responding to an offender’s dribble attack were selected for analysis. To reconstruct the three-dimensional kinematics of the players, we used a photogrammetric model-based image-matching technique. The hip and knee kinematics were calculated from the matched skeleton model. In addition, the center of mass height was expressed as a ratio of each participant’s body height. The relationships between the center of mass height and the kinematics were determined by the Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient. The normalized center of mass height at initial contact was correlated with the vertical center of mass displacement (r = 0.832, p = 0.040) and hip flexion angle at initial contact (r = −0.823, p = 0.044). This suggests that the lower center of mass at initial contact is an important factor to reduce the downwards vertical center of mass translation during defensive cutting actions, and that this is executed primarily through hip flexion. It is therefore recommended that players land with an adequately flexed hip at initial contact during one-on-one cutting actions to minimize the vertical center of mass excursion.

Kinematic classification of iliotibial band syndrome in runners

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Grau ◽  
I. Krauss ◽  
C. Maiwald ◽  
D. Axmann ◽  
T. Horstmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iliotibial Band ◽  
Iliotibial Band Syndrome

Relationship Between Knee Walking Kinematics and Muscle Flexibility in Runners

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathaly Gaudreault ◽  
Alex Fuentes ◽  
Neila Mezghani ◽  
Virginie O. Gauthier ◽  
Katia Turcot
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Rotation Angle ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Knee Kinematics ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Iliotibial Band ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Knee Angle ◽  
Peak Knee

Context:Decreased flexibility in muscles and joints of lower extremities is commonly observed in runners. Understanding the effect of decreased flexibility on knee walking kinematics in runners is important because, over time, altered gait patterns can make runners vulnerable to overuse injuries or degenerative pathologies.Objectives:To compare hamstring and iliotibial-band (ITB) flexibility and knee kinematics in runners and nonrunners.Design:A descriptive, comparative laboratory study.Setting:Hamstring and ITB flexibility were measured with the active knee-extension test and the modified Ober test, respectively, in both groups of participants. Three-dimensional (3D) walking kinematic data were then recorded at the knee using a motiontracking system.Participants:18 runners and 16 nonrunners.Main Outcome Measures:Knee-extension angle (hamstring flexibility) and hip-adduction angle (ITB flexibility). Knee kinematic parameters of interest included knee angle at initial contact, peak knee angles, and knee-angle range in all planes of movement.Results:The runners had a significantly less flexible ITB than the nonrunners (hip adduction [−] and adduction [+] angles, 3.1° ± 5.6° vs −6.4° ± 4.5°; P < .001). The runners demonstrated a greater mean tibial external-rotation angle at initial contact (7.3° ± 5.8° vs 2.0° ± 4.0°; P = .01) and a smaller mean peak tibial internal-rotation angle (−1.6° ± 3.0° vs −4.2° ± 3.2°; P = .04) than the nonrunners.Conclusion:This study provides new insight into the relationship between muscle flexibility and 3D knee kinematics in runners. This supports the premise that there is an association between muscle flexibility and transverse-plane knee kinematics in this population.

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