Early Risk Factors for Daily Cannabis Use in Young Adults

Objectives: Daily cannabis use can portend problematic use or dependence. We aimed to identify early risk factors for daily cannabis use in young adults. Methods: Data were available in a longitudinal investigation of 1294 grade 7 students age 12 to 13 years at inception recruited in 10 secondary schools in Montreal, Canada, in 1999. Data on daily cannabis use were collected in mailed self-report questionnaires from 878 participants (67.9% of 1294) at age 20. The associations between each of 23 potential risk factors measured in grade 7 and daily cannabis use at age 20 were modeled using logistic regression. Results: At age 20, 44% of participants reported past-year cannabis use; 10% reported daily use. Older age; male sex; higher levels of family stress and other stress; use of alcohol, cigarettes, and other tobacco products; parent(s), sibling(s), and friend(s) smoke cigarettes; higher body mass index; higher impulsivity and novelty seeking; and lower self-esteem increased the odds of daily cannabis use. Conclusions: Children at risk of daily cannabis use as young adults can be identified early. They may benefit from early intervention to prevent problematic cannabis use.

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Risk factors for Barrett’s esophagus in young adults who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in a health examination center

Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology ◽

10.1177/1756284819853115 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

pp. 175628481985311 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Pin-Chieh Wu ◽

Yan-Hua Chen ◽

Fu-Zong Wu ◽

Kung-Hung Lin ◽

Chiao-Lin Hsu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Young Adults ◽

Potential Risk ◽

Gastrointestinal Endoscopy ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy ◽

Potential Risk Factors ◽

Male Sex ◽

Gerd Symptoms ◽

Upper Gastrointestinal

Background: Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is a premalignant condition with increased incidence worldwide both in old and young individuals. However, the role of certain potential risk factors remains unclear in young adults (< 50 years). We aimed to determine the risk factors of BE in young adults. Methods: A total of 4943 young adults who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy at our health check-up center were enrolled. The diagnosis of BE was based on histological confirmation. We analyzed demographic factors, laboratory data, potential risk factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, presence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms, and metabolic syndrome for the risk of BE by using binary logistic regression analysis. Results: The prevalence of BE was 1.8% (88/4943). Male sex, the presence of GERD symptoms, and smoking were three significant risk factors related to BE. Furthermore, participants who had smoked for 10 pack-years or more had increased risk of BE with dose-dependent phenomenon ( p trend < 0.001). The proportion of BE in male participants with both GERD symptoms and a smoking history of 10 pack-years or more was as high as 10.3% (16/155). Conclusions: Significant risk factors of BE in young adults are male sex, the presence of GERD symptoms, and smoking. The risk also increases with an increase in cumulative exposure to smoking.

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Commentary on Heronet al. (2013): Findings on associations between conduct problem trajectories, early risk factors and adolescent cannabis use-how do they fit with existing theories?

Addiction ◽

10.1111/add.12377 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 108 (12) ◽

pp. 2139-2140

Author(s):

Sheryl A. Hemphill

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Conduct Problem ◽

Cannabis Use ◽

Early Risk ◽

Early Risk Factors

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The pathway to special education: The role of early risk factors in disability identification

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e569872014-001 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Whitney A. Leboeuf ◽

Benjamin Brumley ◽

John W. Fantuzzo ◽

Cody A. Hostutler

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Special Education ◽

Early Risk ◽

Early Risk Factors ◽

Disability Identification

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Early Risk Factors for Obesity in the First 1000 Days—Relationship with Body Fat and BMI at 2 Years

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18158179 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (15) ◽

pp. 8179

Author(s):

Mercedes Díaz-Rodríguez ◽

Celia Pérez-Muñoz ◽

Jesús Carretero-Bravo ◽

Catalina Ruíz-Ruíz ◽

Manuel Serrano-Santamaría ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Body Fat ◽

Early Pregnancy ◽

Body Fat Percentage ◽

Z Score ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Early Risk ◽

Early Risk Factors ◽

Increased Risk

(1) Background: Obesity is defined as an excessive accumulation of body fat. Several early developmental factors have been identified which are associated with an increased risk of childhood obesity and increased adiposity in childhood. The primary objective of the present study is to analyse the effect of various early risk factors on Body Mass Index (BMI) and body fat percentage at 2 years of age. (2) Methods: A prospective cohort study design was used, with the sample consisting of 109 mother-child pairs from whom data were collected between early pregnancy and 2 years old. Adiposity was determined based on skinfold measurements using the Brooks and Siri formulae. Mean comparison tests (Student’s t-test and ANOVAs) and multiple linear regression models were used to analyse the relationship between early programming factors and dependent variables. (3) Results: Maternal excess weight during early pregnancy (β = 0.203, p = 0.026), gestational smoking (β = 0.192, p = 0.036), and accelerated weight gain in the first 2 years (β = − 0.269, p = 0.004) were significantly associated with high body fat percentage. Pre-pregnancy BMI and accelerated weight gain in the first 2 years were associated with high BMI z-score (β = 0.174, p = 0.047 and β = 0.417, p = 0.000 respectively). The cumulative effect of these variables resulted in high values compared to the baseline zero-factor group, with significant differences in BMI z-score (F = 8.640, p = 0.000) and body fat percentage (F = 5.402, p = 0.002) when three factors were present. (4) Conclusions: The presence of several early risk factors related to obesity in infancy was significantly associated with higher BMI z-score and body fat percentage at 2 years of age. The presence of more than one of these variables was also associated with higher adiposity at 2 years of age. Early prevention strategies should address as many of these factors as possible.

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