scholarly journals Structural Violence Education: A Critical Moment for Psychiatric Training

2021 ◽  
pp. 070674372110162
Author(s):  
Kavya Anchuri ◽  
Natalie Jacox ◽  
Taelina Andreychuk ◽  
Allison Brown
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Structural Violence ◽  
State Violence ◽  
Learning Objectives ◽  
Psychiatric Training ◽  
People Who Use Drugs ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Psychiatric Discourse

The mental health ramifications of structural violence are borne disproportionately by marginalized patient populations in North America, which includes Black, Indigenous, and 2SLGBTQIA+ communities and people who use drugs. Structural violence can comprise, for example, police or state violence, colonialism, and medical violence. We chronicle the history of psychiatric discourse around structural violence over the past 50 years and highlight the critical need for new formalized competencies to become incorporated into the training of medical students across Canada, specifically addressing the impacts of structural violence for the aforementioned populations. Finally, we offer a framework of learning objectives for designing educational sessions discussing structural violence and mental health for integration into pre-clerkship psychiatry curricula at medical schools across Canada.

Suicidal Ideation Among Medical Students in Dammam, Saudi Arabia

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Mohammed Madadin ◽  
Ritesh G. Menezes ◽  
Maha A. Alassaf ◽  
Abdulaziz M. Almulhim ◽  
Mahdi S. Abumadini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Eastern Province ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Past ◽  
Depression Subscale ◽  
History Of

Abstract. Background: Medical students are at high risk of suicidal ideation. Aim: We aimed to obtain information on suicidal ideation among medical students in Dammam located in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the College of Medicine affiliated with Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Suicidal ideation in the past 12 months was assessed based on responses to four questions in the depression subscale of the General Health Questionnaire 28 (GHQ-28). In addition, data were collected to examine the association of suicidal ideation with various factors. Results: We found that 1 in 3 medical students in the study had suicidal ideation in the past 12 months, while around 40% had lifetime suicidal ideation. Suicidal ideation was associated with feelings of parental neglect, history of physical abuse, and dissatisfaction with academic performance. Limitations: The cross-sectional nature of this study limits its ability to determine causality regarding suicidal ideation. Conclusion: These rates are considerably high when compared with rates from studies in other countries around the world. This study provides a reference in the field of suicidology for this region of Saudi Arabia.

Development of Geriatric Mental Health Learning Objectives for Medical Students: A Response to the Institute of Medicine 2012 Report

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1041-1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan W. Lehmann ◽  
William B. Brooks ◽  
Dennis Popeo ◽  
Kirsten M. Wilkins ◽  
Mary C. Blazek
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Learning Objectives ◽  
Institute Of Medicine ◽  
Geriatric Mental Health

scholarly journals Service line management and medical education – uncomfortable bed fellows?

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 121-123
Author(s):  
Alex Bailey ◽  
James P. Warner
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Current Method ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Psychiatric Training ◽  
Training And Education ◽  
Service Line ◽  
Educational Provision ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Uk

SummaryThe current method of delivery of psychiatric training and education in the UK is still almost solely based on the ‘firm’ or consultant-led system. Traditionally, these units have had fairly wide-ranging loci of clinical responsibility, ensuring a broad exposure to mental health conditions for both undergraduate students and psychiatric trainees. However, changes over the past decade, particularly in terms of functional splits within psychiatric services, have led to some limitation of this exposure. Various strategies have been employed by those responsible for educational provision within services, such as assigning trainees and students to in-patient and community ‘pairs' of teams. Although this has had some success, the introduction of more fundamental restructuring of mental health services and the advent of service lines will have even greater and more wide-ranging implications on education. This editorial examines some of these implications and looks at potential solutions to ensure that training is not forgotten in the wave of far-reaching and strategically driven reorganisations occurring within the National Health Service and more globally.

scholarly journals Recruiting psychiatrists – a Sisyphean task?

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 390-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Brown ◽  
Christopher A. Vassilas ◽  
Clare Oakley
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Royal College ◽  
Medical Specialty ◽  
Medical Schools ◽  
Psychiatric Training ◽  
First Year ◽  
The West ◽  
Medical Graduates ◽  
The Past ◽  
West Midlands

SummaryIn 2009, the Royal College of Psychiatrists piloted a system for national recruitment to the first year of training (CT1) in England. This paper reviews the changes in recruitment of UK medical graduates to psychiatry over the past 20 years, both within the West Midlands and nationally. Fewer UK graduates are entering psychiatric training in the West Midlands despite the introduction of pre-registration training in psychiatry and the expansion of medical schools in the region; this picture is reflected nationally. Reasons for the continuing problems in recruitment are discussed and suggestions made for improving the attractiveness of psychiatry as a medical specialty. the latter include: engaging more closely with medical students, continuing to lobby politically with regard to overseas recruitment and presenting a unified vision of the profession.

In Pursuit of Policies of ‘Reconciliation’ from an Intransigent State: An Exercise in Folly?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shari Eppel
Keyword(s):  
Transitional Justice ◽  
State Violence ◽  
National Unity ◽  
Truth Telling ◽  
Reconciliation Commission ◽  
The Past ◽  
Power Base ◽  
History Of ◽  
Causes Of Violence ◽  
Peace And Reconciliation

Zimbabwe has had only one real transition of power, at independence in 1980. Since then, Zimbabwe has had a long history of (selectively) drawing lines through the past and of extreme political intolerance. The ruling party ZANU-PF has acted ruthlessly against any political opposition—first in the 1980s, when many thousands of civilians in the west of the country were massacred during the deployment of a special brigade, targeted at the support base of ZAPU, then the dominant political party in that region. Systematic repression and torture in this region led to the first semi-transition in 1987, with the Unity Accord. The uneasy peace was broken again in 2000, with the rise of the MDC, and once more violence was unleashed to ensure ZANU-PF retained its increasingly militarized power base. A government of national unity and a coup marked further semi-transitions. These multiple eras of state violence and semi-transitions have all been accompanied by calls for initiatives to promote ‘peace’ and ‘reconciliation’ as well as justice but official truth telling has proved elusive. However, the semi-transition resulting from the coup of November 2017 may have shifted the space to talk about the past: the constitutionally mandated National Peace and Reconciliation Commission finally achieved legislative backing in 2018, and may offer opportunities for transitional justice initiatives. Importantly, the underlying structural causes of violence and repression, dating back to colonial times, need to be addressed. Truth telling alone will not ensure a more tolerant future.

Per una storia dell'affidamento dei malati psichiatrici alle famiglie: Towards a history of the family care of psychiatric patients

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrizia Guarnieri
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Family Care ◽  
Special Role ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Psychiatric Staff

SummaryInserting adults with psychic problems into families has recently been practiced in various European countries and also in Italy, where some mental health departments support such families. Beyond the well known story of Gheel, the etero and omofamily care of psychiatric patients has a forgotten history. Methods – On the basis of unexplored and exceptionally rich sources from the archives of the asylums in Florence, as well as of the Province di Florence, which funded assistance to the mentally ill – this research focuses on the subsidized “domestic custody” of hundreds of psychiatric patients, who had already been institutionalized. Beginning in 1866, outboarding was supported by the provincial administration in Florence with the collaboration of the asylum medical direction. Results – In the late 19th C. and in the early 20th C. prestigious psychiatrists sought alternatives to the institutionalisation. These alternatives involved varied participants in a community (the patients and their families, the administrators and the medical specialists, the neighborhood and the police). The families played a special role that historians of the psychiatry exclusively dedicated to the insane asylums have not really seen. Conclusions – The role of the families in the interaction with the psychiatric staff is not, even on a historiographical level, simply an additional and marginal chapter of the practices and of the culture of the mental health. These archival evidence contradicts some common places on the past of the Italian psychiatry before 1978, and provokes new reflections of possible relevance to the present.

Models of madness in Victorian asylum practice

1981 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence J. Ray
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
History Of Psychiatry ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sociological History ◽  
Psychiatric Discourse ◽  
Model Of Practice ◽  
Thomas Szasz

During the past few years there has been a rapid growth of interest in the sociological history of psychiatry. Prior to this, the history of psychiatry had been left largely to the psychiatric historian, who tended to proceed, as Thomas Szasz claimed, ‘as a socially neutral person, discovering the historical “facts” when in truth, he is a psychiatric propagandist, actively shaping the image of his discipline’ (1). Writers such as Michel Foucault, Vieda Skultans, Andrew Scull, David Rothman, Klaus Doerner, and Szasz himself have attempted to underline, as Skultans says, ‘the specific uses to which psychiatry has been put in the past, in order to make a more general claim about the nature of psychiatry as such’ (2). This aim, however, is not always made fully explicit (3). In this paper it will be argued that psychiatry, viewed as a historically constituted social activity, was characterised by a dualism. It was constituted by a medical or curative model of practice, in that psychiatry developed as a branch of medicine. Yet the ‘diseases’ which psychiatrists have historically come to regard as part of their field competence are distinguished by at least two criteria: first, their symptoms consist primarily of actions that are highly inappropriate to their social context; secondly, that their etiology is ambiguous. It will be argued here that an ambiguity regarding the etiology of mental disorder, which is often seen as both physically and psychologically caused, was central to psychiatric discourse.

Violence among Psychiatric In-Patients at an Interim Secure Unit: Changes in Pattern over a Two-Year Period

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meena Agarwal ◽  
Mark Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Past History ◽  
Physical Assault ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Abusive Behaviour ◽  
History Of Violence ◽  
Secure Unit

A retrospective study of recordings of all violent episodes among in-patients requiring restraint was undertaken over a two-year period during which the nature of admissions to the unit changed to an increase in mentally abnormal offenders (those admitted through the criminal justice system and detained under criminal sections of the Mental Health Act). It was found that those detained under criminal sections were less likely to be aggressive, were of relatively older age and less likely to repeat the violence than their mentally ill counterparts detained under civil sections. In addition to the past history of violence, verbally abusive behaviour was the best predictor of subsequent physical aggression though only a minority of patients displaying serious physical assault showed verbally abusive behaviour. Deterioration in mental health and staff-patient interaction were seen as major contributory factors to aggression which will also explain a greater degree of aggression directed towards the staff. Further comparative analysis of aggressive behaviour of mentally ill patients detained under civil sections and mentally abnormal offenders is warranted.

scholarly journals Bibliografia di storia della psichiatria italiana 1991-2010

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Fiorani
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Bibliographic Database ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of

This bibliography renders account of the over two thousand books on the history of Italian psychiatry that have appeared over the last twenty years. The aim is thus to support the demand for a new historiographic approach to psychiatry which has come regularly to the fore since the 1990s. It is also intended to respond to the need for comparison with the consistently topical reflections handed down to us from the past on issues such as madness, mental health, psychiatry and society. Bibliographic database: www.fupress.net/storiapsichiatria

scholarly journals Is Recovery from Cannabis Dependence Possible? Factors that Help or Hinder Recovery in a National Sample of Canadians with a History of Cannabis Dependence

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Esme Fuller-Thomson ◽  
Janany Jayanthikumar ◽  
Melissa L. Redmond ◽  
Senyo Agbeyaka
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Substance Dependence ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cannabis Dependence ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Depressive Episodes

Objectives. To identify among Canadian adults who have ever been dependent upon cannabis, the prevalence of risk and protective factors associated with (1) cannabis remission, (2) the absence of psychiatric disorders or addictions in the past year (APD), and (3) positive mental health (PMH). Method. Data from Statistics Canada’s nationally representative 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey-Mental Health (n=20,777, of whom 336 have a history of cannabis dependence) was used. Chi-square tests and logistic regression analyses were conducted. The World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WHO-CIDI) measures were used to determine lifetime cannabis dependence, past-year remission from cannabis depression, and the absence of psychiatric disorders in the past year (APD) (i.e., no suicidal ideation, depressive episodes, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorders, or any substance dependence). PMH is comprised of three factors: APD, happiness or life satisfaction and social and psychological well-being. Results. Among those with a history of cannabis dependence, 72% were in remission from cannabis dependence. Although 53% were free of major psychiatric disorders and any substance dependence and 43% of respondents were in PMH, these percentages were dramatically lower than those without a history of cannabis dependence (92% and 74%, respectively). Positive outcomes were more common among women, older respondents, those with higher levels of social support, and those who had never had major depressive disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Conclusion. Although many Canadians with a history of cannabis dependence achieve remission and a large minority are truly resilient and achieve PMH, many are failing to thrive. Targeted outreach is warranted for the most vulnerable individuals with a history of cannabis dependence (e.g., men, younger respondents, those with low social support and a history of mental illness).

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