Early Tracheostomy for Severe Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury is Associated with Reduced Intensive Care Unit Length of Stay and Total Ventilator Days

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 1346-1351
Author(s):  
Brian M. Sheehan ◽  
Areg Grigorian ◽  
Sahil Gambhir ◽  
Shelley Maithel ◽  
Catherine M. Kuza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Early Tracheostomy ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
Severe Tbi

Objectives: To determine whether, similar to adults, early tracheostomy in pediatric patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) improves inhospital outcomes including ventilator days, intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS), and total hospital LOS when compared to late tracheostomy. Design: Retrospective cohort analysis. Setting: The Pediatric Trauma Quality Improvement Program (TQIP) database Patients: One hundred twenty-seven pediatric patients <16 years old with severe (>3) abbreviated injury scale TBI who underwent early (days 1-6) or late (day ≥7) tracheostomy between 2014 and 2016. Interventions: Not applicable. Measurements and Main Results: The Pediatric TQIP database was queried for patients <16 years old with severe TBI, who underwent tracheostomy. Patient demographics and outcomes of early versus late tracheostomy were compared using Student t test, Mann-Whitney U test, and χ2 analysis. Sixteen patients underwent early tracheostomy while 111 underwent late tracheostomy. The groups had similar distributions of age, gender, mechanism of injury, and mean injury severity scores (P > .05). Early tracheostomy was associated with decreased ICU LOS (early: 17 vs late: 32 days, P < .05) and ventilator days (early: 9.7 vs late: 27.1 days, P < .05). There was no difference in total LOS (early: 26.7 vs late: 41.3 days, P = .06), the incidence of acute respiratory distress syndrome (early: 6.3% vs late: 2.7%, P = .45), pneumonia (early: 12.5% vs late: 29.7%, P = .15), or mortality (early: 0% vs late: 2%, P = .588) between the 2 groups. Conclusion: Similar to adults, early tracheostomy in pediatric patients with severe TBI is associated with decreased ICU LOS and ventilator days. Future prospective trials are needed to confirm these findings. Article Tweet: Early tracheostomy in pediatric patients with severe TBI is associated with decreased ICU LOS and ventilator days.

Persistent Hyperglycemia in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: An Independent Predictor of Outcome

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Salim ◽  
Pantelis Hadjizacharia ◽  
Joseph Dubose ◽  
Carlos Brown ◽  
Kenji Inaba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Severe Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Severe Tbi ◽  
Persistent Hyperglycemia

In patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), admission hyperglycemia is associated with poor outcome. The effect of persistent hyperglycemia (PH) on outcome in severe TBI, however, remains unknown. We performed a retrospective review of all blunt trauma patients with severe TBI (head Abbreviated Injury Score ≥ 3) admitted to the intensive care unit at a Level I trauma center from January 1998 through December 2005. Admission and daily intensive care unit blood glucose levels up to the end of the first week were measured. PH was defined as an average daily blood glucose ≥ 150 mg/dL on all days for the first week of the hospital stay. TBI patients with and without PH were compared with respect to baseline demographics, injury characteristics, and outcomes. Independent risk factors for mortality were identified using logistic regression analysis. One hundred and five (12.6%) out of 834 severe TBI patients had PH. Patients with PH were older, more severely injured, and had worse head injury compared with patients without PH. After adjusting for significant risk factors, PH was identified as an independent risk factor for mortality (odds ratio (OR): 4.91 [95% confidence interval (CI), 2.88–8.56, P < 0.0001]). PH is associated with significantly higher mortality rates in severe TBI patients.

scholarly journals Kajian Konsep Lund dan Konsep Rosner untuk Tatalaksana Cedera Otak Traumatik Berat

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-40
Author(s):  
Fitri Sepviyanti Sumardi ◽  
Iwan Abdul Rachman ◽  
Sri Rahardjo
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Brain Trauma ◽  
Brain Trauma Foundation ◽  
European Brain ◽  
Severe Tbi ◽  
The Relationship

Tatalaksana pasien dengan cedera otak traumatik (COT) berat mengalami perubahan berkesinambungan selama 30 tahun terakhir. Tatalaksana yang diarahkan di unit perawatan intensif (intensive care unit/ICU) mengacu pada tatalaksana klinis sebagai titik akhir terapi utama, bertujuan untuk mempertahankan variabel fisiologis tertentu secara ketat dalam rentang target yang telah ditentukan. Satu alternatif terhadap terapi konvensional ini adalah konsep Lund yang mengutamakan penurunan tekanan mikrovaskular. Konsep Lund termasuk suatu strategi target volume untuk mengendalikan tekanan intrakranial, berasal dari Universitas Lund Swedia, lebih dari 27 tahun yang lalu dan tetap masih kontroversi sampai saat ini. Sejak tahun 1996, American Brain Trauma Foundation dan European Brain Injury Consortium, yang mengacu pada konsep Rosner, telah menerbitkan dan memperbarui panduan untuk tatalaksana cedera otak traumatik. Para ahli sangat menyadari adanya patologi intrakranial multifaktorial yang terlihat pada pasien COT berat dan kompleksitas mekanisme cedera otak sekunder setelah trauma primer, akan menemukan bahwa revisi ini sulit untuk dipahami. Hubungan antara peningkatan tekanan intrakranial (TIK) dan hasil luaran klinis yang lebih buruk sudah terbukti. Menyederhanakan fisiologi otak setelah COT berat ke strategi tatalaksana pasien bedasarkan ambang batas adalah berkaitan erat dengan hubungan interaksi komplek antara: peningkatan TIK, aliran darah otak, dan metabolisme otak. Review of Lund Concept and Rosner Concept for Therapy of Severe Traumatic Brain InjuryAbstractThe management of patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) has undergone continuous changes over the past 30 years. Management directed at the intensive care unit (ICU) refers to clinical management as the main end point of therapy, aiming to maintain certain physiological variables strictly within a predetermined target range. One alternative to this conventional therapy is the Lund concept which prioritizes the reduction of microvascular pressure. The concept of Lund includes a volume target strategy for controlling intracranial pressure, from Lund University in Sweden, more than 27 years ago and remains controversial to date. Since 1996, the American Brain Trauma Foundation and the European Brain Injury Consortium, which refers to the Rosner concept, have published and updated guidelines for the management of traumatic brain injury. Experts are well aware of the multifactorial intracranial pathology seen in severe TBI patients and the complexity of the mechanism of secondary brain injury after primary trauma will find that this revision is difficult to understand. The relationship between increased intracranial pressure (ICP) and worse clinical outcome has been proven. Simplifying the physiology of the brain after severe TBI to the patient's management strategy based on the threshold is closely related to the relationship between complex interactions: increased ICP, cerebral blood flow (CBF), and brain metabolism.

Examination of the management of traumatic brain injury in the developing and developed world: focus on resource utilization, protocols, and practices that alter outcome

2008 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odette A. Harris ◽  
Carl A. Bruce ◽  
Marvin Reid ◽  
Randolph Cheeks ◽  
Kirk Easley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Functional Independence ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Memorial Hospital ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Severe Tbi

Object We evaluated management and outcome of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in a developed country (US) and a developing country (Jamaica). Methods Data were collected prospectively at Grady Memorial Hospital (GMH) in the US and at University Hospital of the West Indies (UHWI) and Kingston Public Hospital (KPH) in Jamaica between September 1, 2003, and September 30, 2004. Results Complete data were available for 1607 patients. Grady Memorial Hospital had a higher proportion of females (p = 0.003), and patients were older at GMH (p = 0.0009) compared with patients at KPH and UHWI. The most common mode of injury was a motor vehicle accident at KPH and GMH (42 and 66%, respectively) and assaults at UHWI (37%). Grady Memorial Hospital admitted more patients with severe head injuries (25.5%) than KPH (18.5%) and UHWI (14.4%). More CT scans were performed (p < 0.0001) and a higher proportion of patients were admitted to the intensive care unit (p < 0.0001) at GMH. There were no statistically significant differences in median days in the intensive care unit among the 3 hospitals. Patients experienced statistically significant differences in days undergoing ventilation between GMH, KPH, and UHWI (p = 0.004). Intracranial pressure monitoring was performed in 1 patient at KPH, in 6 at UHWI, and in 91 at GMH. There were 174 total deaths, but no statistically significant differences in mortality rates between the 3 sites (p = 0.3). Hospital location and TBI severity were associated with a decreased risk of mortality; patients with severe TBI at GMH had a 53% decrease in the risk of mortality (odds ratio = 0.47, p = 0.04). Patients at GMH had lower mean Glasgow Outcome Scale scores (p < 0.0001) and lower Functional Independence Measure self-feed (p = 0.0003), locomotion (p = 0.04), and verbal scores (p < 0.0001). Conclusions Despite the availability of advanced technology and more aggressive neurological support at GMH, the overall mortality rate for TBI was similar at all locations. Patients identified with severe TBI had a significantly decreased risk of mortality if they were treated at GMH compared with those patients treated at hospitals in the developing world.

Secondary stroke in patients with polytrauma and traumatic brain injury treated in an Intensive Care Unit, Karlovac General Hospital, Croatia

Injury ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. S31-S35 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Belavić ◽  
E. Jančić ◽  
P. Mišković ◽  
A. Brozović-Krijan ◽  
B. Bakota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
General Hospital

scholarly journals Behavioral Pain Indicators in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury Admitted to an Intensive Care Unit

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roghieh Nazari ◽  
Saeed Pahlevan Sharif ◽  
Kelly A Allen ◽  
Hamid Sharif Nia ◽  
Bit-Lian Yee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Neck Stiffness ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Eye Opening ◽  
Different Levels

Introduction: A consistent approach to pain assessment for patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) is a major difficulty for health practitioners due to some patients’ inability, to express their pain verbally. This study aimed to assess pain behaviors (PBs) in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients at different levels of consciousness. Methods: This study used a repeated-measure, within-subject design with 35 patients admitted to an ICU. The data were collected through observations of nociceptive and non-nociceptive procedures, which were recorded through a 47-item behavior-rating checklist. The analyses were performed by SPSS ver.13 software. Results: The most frequently observed PBs during nociceptive procedures were facial expression levator contractions (65.7%), sudden eye openings (34.3%), frowning (31.4%), lip changes (31.4%), clear movement of extremities (57.1%), neck stiffness (42.9%), sighing (31.4%), and moaning (31.4%). The number of PBs exhibited by participants during nociceptive procedures was significantly higher than those observed before and 15 minutes after the procedures. Also, the number of exhibited PBs in patients during nociceptive procedures was significantly greater than that of exhibited PBs during the non-nociceptive procedure. The results showed a significant difference between different levels of consciousness and also between the numbers of exhibited PBs in participants with different levels of traumatic brain injury severity. Conclusion: The present study showed that most of the behaviors that have been observed during painful stimulation in patients with traumatic brain injury included facial expressions, sudden eye opening, frowning, lip changes, clear movements of extremities, neck stiffness, and sighing or moaning.

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