GENDER DIFFERENCES IN REACTIONS TO FEMALE VICTIMS

1994 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl E. Drout ◽  
Samuel L. Gaertner
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Gender Difference ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Just World ◽  
Female Victims ◽  
Male College ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship of gender and level of belief in the just world to reactions to victims. Eighty-six female and sixty-five male college students were led to believe that their partner in a study of work groups was a victim of a sexual assault. A gender difference in the choice of specific justice-restoring strategies was observed. While high just-world males provided significantly more help to victims than controls and low just-world males did not differentiate, female subjects distanced themselves from victims by perceiving them to be less similar to themselves than controls. Findings are discussed in relation to evidence that attempts to restore justice may evoke a multitude of cognitive and behavioral responses.

The Relationship of Gender and Voice to Depression and Eating Disorders

2002 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Smolak ◽  
Britannie Fairman Munstertieger
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Gender Difference ◽  
The Self ◽  
Personal Attributes ◽  
Eating Problems ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Personal Attributes Questionnaire ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Research often fails to document a gender difference in measures of voice. This is inconsistent with Gilligan's conceptualization of voice as a gendered construct. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate currently available measures of voice, particularly in terms of whether they appear to be assessing the same characteristics in men as in women. Eighty-seven men and 146 women, all college students, completed both the Silencing the Self Scale (STSS; Jack & Dill, 1992) and the Saying What I Think Around Others scale (SWIT; Harter and Waters, 1991). In addition, measures of depression and eating problems as well as the Personal Attributes Questionnaire were completed. Results indicated inconsistent gender differences on voice measures with some showing no differences, others showing men as having lower voice, and others showing lower voice in women. Correlations between the two voice measures for men and for women were small to moderate. As suggested by Harter, Waters, Whitesell, and Kastelic (1998), femininity was often negatively related to voice, though masculinity was more consistently, and positively, related. The link between lack of voice and psychopathology that has been suggested by various researchers was documented more clearly for women than for men. The results, then, show different patterns of relationships involving voice measures for men than for women. This raises the possibility that the measures are tapping different constructs in men and women, rendering mean comparisons questionable.

Relationship of Visual Two-Flash and Absolute Auditory Perceptual Sensitivity

1981 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas N. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Auditory Threshold ◽  
Auditory Sensitivity ◽  
Perceptual Sensitivity ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Male College ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Male College Students

The relationship of two-flash and absolute auditory threshold measures was studied in a sample of 65 male college students. The two-flash threshold showed sensitivity essentially unrelated to absolute auditory sensitivity ( r = .03). This result was contrasted with that reported by Hanback and Revelle who found a weak but significantly positive correlation for the sensitivity values for the two tasks.

scholarly journals The Relationship of Sleep Quality With Body Mass Index in Male College Students With and Without Regular Exercise

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-23
Author(s):  
Oveys Gilanian Amiri ◽  
◽  
Masomeh Habibian ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
College Students ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Regular Exercise ◽  
Male College ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Inactive Group ◽  
Male College Students

Background: Poor Sleep Quality (SQ) may lead to health problems through an increase in body weight and adipose tissue. Physical activity and or exercise are effective factors in SQ and obesity. Objective The current study aimed to investigate the relationship of SQ with Body Mass Index (BMI) in male college students with and without regular exercise. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 100 male college students with and without regular exercise were selected using a purposive and convenience sampling method and divided into two groups of active with normal weight (n=50, BMI=21.9±1.2 kg/m2) and inactive with overweight (n=50, BMI=28.3±5.2 kg/m2) groups. The Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire was used to measure SQ, where a total score of more than 5 indicates a poor SQ. The data were analyzed using Spearman correlation and Mann-Whitney U tests. Findings: Sixty percent of the students had a poor SQ. The mean score of SQ in the active group was significantly lower than in the inactive group (P<0.001). Moreover, the results showed a significant correlation between the SQ and BMI in overall (P<0.001) and in the inactive group (P=0.043), but not in the active group. Conclusion: Exercise is an effective factor for improving the SQ. Therefore, physical activity/exercise is recommended as a non-pharmacological therapy to improve SQ in overweight young men.

The Relationship of University Students' Sleep Habits and Academic Motivation

NASPA Journal ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kellah M. Edens
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
Goal Orientation ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Academic Motivation ◽  
College Health ◽  
Sleep Habits ◽  
Lack Of Sleep ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

College students are sleeping less during the week than reported a few years ago. Lack of sleep among college students has been identified as one of the top three healthrelated impediments to academic performance by the American College Health Association’s National College Health Assessment survey; and it is associated with lower grades, incompletion of courses, as well as negative moods. This research examines the underlying dynamics of lack of sleep on academic motivation, a key predictor of academic performance. Specifically, the relationship of sleep habits with self-efficacy, performance versus mastery goal orientation, persistence, and tendency to procrastinate were investigated. Findings indicate that 42% of the participants (159 students out of a total of 377) experience excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS); and those identified with EDS tend: (1) to be motivated by performance goals rather than mastery goals; (2) to engage in procrastination (a self-handicapping strategy) to a greater extent than students who are rested; and (3) to have decreased self-efficacy, as compared to students not reporting EDS. Several recommendations for campus health professionals to consider for a Healthy Campus Initiative are made based on the findings.

The Approval Motive, Vicarious Reinforcement and Verbal Conditioning

1964 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 523-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Marlowe ◽  
Russell S. Beecher ◽  
Jonathan B. Cook ◽  
Anthony N. Doob
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Verbal Conditioning ◽  
Reinforcement Condition ◽  
Sentence Construction ◽  
Need For Approval ◽  
Conditioning Effect ◽  
Vicarious Reinforcement ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Construction Task

This study investigated the relationship of approval motivation to verbal conditioning under vicarious reinforcement. Fifteen college students completed 20 operant trials in a sentence construction task. They then observed E reinforce a “programmed” confederate who emitted critical responses according to a typical acquisition curve. Fifteen control Ss observed identical confederate behavior with the reinforcements omitted. An additional 15 control Ss did not receive the observation phase. All Ss then were given 40 nonreinforced trials. A significant conditioning effect occurred only for Ss with high need for approval in the vicarious reinforcement condition. Results were related to previous verbal conditioning research.

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