Salience of Alcohol Expectancies and Drinking Outcomes

1997 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Finetta L. Reese
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Alcohol Expectancies ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Alcohol Expectancy ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Equal Importance ◽  
Total Alcohol ◽  
Alcohol Drinking Patterns ◽  
Drinking Outcomes

There is a body of research which indicates that endorsement of positive alcohol expectancies predicts alcohol drinking patterns; however, there is inconsistency in the literature regarding which particular alcohol expectancies predict drinking. Although an individual may endorse a variety of alcohol expectancy beliefs, these beliefs may not be of equal importance to drinking decisions. This study investigated whether the prediction of drinking might be enhanced by considering salience of alcohol expectancies rather than mere endorsement. Hierarchical regression analyses demonstrated that expectancy salience significantly improved the prediction of total alcohol consumption above and beyond the effects of expectancy endorsement. Expectancy salience was less effective as a predictor of heavy drinking.

scholarly journals Alcohol Expectancy, Drinking Behavior, and Sexual Victimization Among Female and Male College Students

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (15) ◽  
pp. 2298-2322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly A. Tyler ◽  
Rachel M. Schmitz ◽  
Scott A. Adams
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sexual Victimization ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Alcohol Expectancies ◽  
Hooking Up ◽  
Alcohol Expectancy ◽  
Housing Type ◽  
The Relationship

College students have high rates of heavy drinking, and this dangerous behavior is strongly linked to sexual victimization. Although research has examined risk factors for sexual assault, few studies have simultaneously studied the various pathways through which risks may affect sexual assault and how these pathways may be uniquely different among females and males. As such, the current study uses path analyses to examine whether alcohol expectancies mediate the relationship between social factors (e.g., hooking up, amount friends drink) and drinking behavior and experiencing sexual victimization, and whether drinking behavior mediates the relationship between alcohol expectancies and sexual victimization among a college sample of 704 males and females from a large Midwestern university. For both females and males, sexual victimization was positively associated with child sexual abuse, hooking up more often, and heavier drinking, whereas greater alcohol expectancies were associated with sexual victimization only for females. Several mediating pathways were found for both females and males. Gender comparisons revealed that some of the pathways to sexual victimization such as hooking up, amount friends drink, and housing type operated differently for females and males.

scholarly journals 2263

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (S1) ◽  
pp. 33-33
Author(s):  
Corbin Daniel Ester ◽  
Bethany Stangl ◽  
Aruna Gogineni ◽  
Lauren Blau ◽  
Vatsalya Vatsalya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Family History ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Alcohol Expectancies ◽  
Subjective Response ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Risky Drinking ◽  
Alcohol Sensitivity ◽  
Alcohol Hangover

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: The current study examined hangover following IV alcohol self-administration (IV-ASA) using the Computer-Assisted Infusion System. The goal of the study was to identify predictors of hangover, including drinking history, alcohol sensitivity, family history, expectancies, and sex differences in nondependent drinkers. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The study sample included 89 healthy, nondependent drinkers aged 21–45 years. After a screening to exclude any medical illness or psychiatric disorders, participants completed an IV-ASA session. Each session consisted of a 25-minute priming phase, during which participants were prompted to press a button to receive individually standardized alcohol infusions, followed by a 2-hour “open bar” phase, during which they were instructed to recreate a typical drinking experience. Results from the IV-ASA included peak and average BrAC. Drinking patterns were assessed using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, which provided 3 subscales: consumption (AUDIT-C), dependence (AUDIT-D), and harmful drinking (AUDIT-H). Subjective response to alcohol was measured using the Drug Effects Questionnaire (DEQ). The Alcohol Hangover Scale (AHS) was used to assess hangover for the period between participants’ departure from the study unit and 10 am the next morning. The Alcohol Effects Questionnaire (AEFQ) is a measure which includes 40 true/false statements about how alcohol typically makes respondents feel, and was used to measure alcohol expectancies. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Results showed that 78% of participants endorsed having at least 1 hangover symptom following IV-ASA. The most commonly reported items were tired, thirsty, headache, and hangover. There was no association between hangover scores and the AUDIT-C or IV-ASA. Because alcohol consumption was not related to hangover symptoms, risky drinking behavior was examined. Results indicated that participants endorsing 4 or more items on the AUDIT-D plus AUDIT-H subscales showed significantly higher average hangover scores. Linear regression analyses indicated that alcohol hangover scores were associated with DEQ items feel, high, and intoxicated. Ongoing analyses are examining additional predictors of hangover including family history, alcohol expectancies, sex differences, and other alcohol sensitivity measures. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: The results indicated that risky drinking patterns and alcohol response measures were positively associated with hangover symptoms in non-dependent drinks, while no correlation between consumption and hangover symptoms were found. Since previous research has shown than greater subjective response is associated with heavy drinking and predictive of alcohol use disorder, it is possible that hangover symptoms is a marker of this relationship. Since the role of hangover in the transition from heavy drinking to disorder still remains unclear, it will be important to characterize this relationship between alcohol sensitivity and hangover as a function of drinking patterns. This understanding may help to prevent this transition from at-risk drinking to alcohol dependent drinking.

In Search of the Prosocial Personality

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Wertag ◽  
Denis Bratko
Keyword(s):  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Prosocial behavior is intended to benefit others rather than oneself and is positively linked to personality traits such as Agreeableness and Honesty-Humility, and usually negatively to the Dark Triad traits (i.e., Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy). However, a significant proportion of the research in this area is conducted solely on self-report measures of prosocial behavior. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between prosociality and the basic (i.e., HEXACO) and dark personality traits, comparing their contribution in predicting both self-reported prosociality and prosocial behavior. Results of the hierarchical regression analyses showed that the Dark Triad traits explain prosociality and prosocial behavior above and beyond the HEXACO traits, emphasizing the importance of the Dark Triad in the personality space.

Perceived Realism of Television Medical Dramas and Perceptions About Physicians

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunyi Cho ◽  
Kari Wilson ◽  
Jounghwa Choi
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Perceived Realism ◽  
Medical Dramas ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Different Dimensions

This study investigated whether and how dimensions of perceived realism of television medical dramas are linked to perceptions of physicians. The three dimensions of perceived realism were considered: plausibility, typicality, and narrative consistency. Data from a survey of college students were examined with confirmatory factor analyses and hierarchical regression analyses. Across the three dramas (ER, Grey’s Anatomy, and House), narrative consistency predicted positive perceptions about physicians. Perceived plausibility and typicality of the medical dramas showed no significant association with perceptions about physicians. These results illustrate the importance of distinguishing different dimensions of perceived realism and the importance of narrative consistency in influencing social beliefs.

scholarly journals Association of Alcohol Drinking Patterns with Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Korean Adults: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6433
Author(s):  
Seung Won Lee ◽  
Sung-In Jang
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Alcohol Drinking ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Korean Adults ◽  
Alcohol Drinking Patterns ◽  
Drinking Frequency

This study examined the association of alcohol drinking patterns with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in a nationally representative sample of South Korean adults. The cross-sectional study included 12,830 current drinkers (6438 men and 6392 women) who were at least 20 years old. Measures of alcohol drinking patterns included average drinking frequency, usual quantity, and binge drinking frequency over the past year. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for MetS and its components according to alcohol drinking patterns, and also to examine linear trends in these relationships. The prevalence of MetS was 1822 (26.2%) in men and 1313 (17.5%) in women. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, drinking quantity and binge drinking frequency were positively associated with MetS in both sexes. Regarding components of MetS, while the risk of low HDL cholesterol decreased as drinking frequency increased, other MetS components (abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, and impaired fasting glucose) worsened. Our results suggest that separate management of each component of MetS will be required to protect cardio-metabolic health, and a healthy drinking culture that refrains from binge drinking should be established in the context of public health.

Reward-Related Attentional Capture Moderates the Association between Fear-Driven Motives and Heavy Drinking

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Chang Liu ◽  
Murat Yücel ◽  
Chao Suo ◽  
Mike E. Le Pelley ◽  
Jeggan Tiego ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Attentional Capture ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Drinking Motives ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Problematic Drinking ◽  
The Past ◽  
Motivational Profile

Background: To date, there has been little investigation on how motivational and cognitive mechanisms interact to influence problematic drinking behaviours. Towards this aim, the current study examined whether reward-related attentional capture is associated with reward, fear (relief), and habit drinking motives, and further, whether it interacts with these motives in relation to problematic drinking patterns. Methods: Ninety participants (mean age = 34.8 years, SD = 9.1, 54% male) who reported having consumed alcohol in the past month completed an online visual search task that measured reward-related attentional capture as well as the Habit Reward Fear Scale, a measure of drinking motives. Participants also completed measures of psychological distress, impulsivity, compulsive drinking, and consumption items of Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. Regression analyses examined the associations between motives for alcohol consumption and reward-related attentional capture, as well as the associations between reward-related attentional capture, motives, and their interaction, with alcohol consumption and problems. Results: Greater reward-related attentional capture was associated with greater reward motives. Further, reward-related attentional capture also interacted with fear motives in relation to alcohol consumption. Follow-up analyses showed that this interaction was driven by greater fear motives being associated with heavier drinking among those with lower reward-related attentional capture (i.e., “goal-trackers”). Conclusion: These findings have implications for understanding how cognition may interact with motives in association with problematic drinking. Specifically, the findings highlight different potential pathways to problematic drinking according to an individual’s cognitive-motivational profile and may inform tailored interventions to target profile-specific mechanisms. Finally, these findings offer support for contemporary models of addiction that view excessive goal-directed behaviour under negative affect as a critical contributor to addictive behaviours.

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