Profiles of Traumatic Stress Symptoms in Children Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence

2019 ◽  
pp. 088626051987793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria M. Galano ◽  
Andrew Grogan-Kaylor ◽  
Hannah M. Clark ◽  
Sara F. Stein ◽  
Sandra A. Graham-Bermann
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Childhood Exposure ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Best Fitting

Childhood exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) is associated with a host of problems, including the development of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). PTSS include a wide range of unique symptomatology and as a result, clinical presentations of PTSS can vary in both distribution and overall number of symptoms. Work in child and adolescent samples has largely focused on factors predicting the total number of symptoms (i.e., symptom severity), with less work focused on both patterns of symptom number and distribution. Furthermore, few studies have examined how functional impairment varies in relation to PTSS presentation. The goal of the current study is to (a) document patterns of PTSS severity and distribution in children with histories of witnessing IPV, (b) examine the factors that predict different PTSS presentations, and (c) investigate how PTSS presentation is associated with functional impairment. Data for this study were drawn from a sample of 236 children between the ages of 4 and 12 years and their mothers who had experienced recent IPV. Families reported high levels of IPV in the past year, and children reported moderate levels of PTSS. A latent profile analysis of PTSS revealed that three profiles were the best-fitting model for the data. The three profiles were differentiated between low, moderate, and high levels of PTSS, and membership in the profiles varied by children’s age and trauma history. The results of this study give important information about the potential development of PTSS as well as clinically useful information about the relationship between children’s PTSS and their functioning following exposure to IPV.

scholarly journals Exposure to family violence from childhood to adulthood

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Margot Shields ◽  
Lil Tonmyr ◽  
Wendy E. Hovdestad ◽  
Andrea Gonzalez ◽  
Harriet MacMillan
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Childhood Exposure ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Background Both childhood maltreatment (CM) and intimate partner violence (IPV) are public health problems that have been related to a wide range of adverse health consequences. However, studies examining associations between specific types of CM and experiencing IPV in adulthood have yielded conflicting results. Methods Using data from 10,608 men and 11,458 women aged 18 or older from Canada’s 2014 General Social Survey, we examined associations between three types of CM—childhood physical abuse (CPA), childhood sexual abuse (CSA), and childhood exposure to IPV —and subsequent intimate partner violence (IPV) in adulthood (physical, sexual or emotional). Results When potential confounders were controlled, CPA, CSA and childhood exposure to IPV were associated with IPV in adulthood for both sexes (odds ratios, 1.7, 1.8 and 2.0 for men, and 2.2, 2.0 and 2.1 for women). When severity and frequency of CM were examined, a dose-response relationship between all three types of CM and IPV in adulthood was observed among women (meaning that as the severity/frequency of CM increased, the likelihood of reporting IPV also increased); among men, a dose-response relationship was observed only for CPA. Conclusions The association between CM and IPV in adulthood is particularly concerning because experiencing multiple forms of trauma has cumulative effects. Lifespan studies have shown that individuals who experience multiple incidents of abuse exhibit the highest levels of impairment. This underscores the importance of programs to eradicate both CM and IPV. This underscores the importance of programs to eradicate both CM and IPV. Future research should focus on assessing interventions designed to promote healthy relationships and the provision of emotional support and coping mechanisms to children and families in abusive situations.

Intimate Partner Violence and Help-Seeking

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solveig Lelaurain ◽  
Pierluigi Graziani ◽  
Grégory Lo Monaco
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Social Concern ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Inhibiting Factors ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract. Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global social concern: many women are affected by this phenomenon and by the difficulty of putting an end to it. This review of the literature aims to identify help-seeking facilitating and inhibiting factors in response to IPV. It was carried out on the PsycINFO and Medline databases using the following keywords: “intimate partner violence,” “domestic violence,” “help-seeking,” and “help-seeking barrier.” Ninety out of 771 eligible publications were included on the basis of inclusion criteria. The results highlight that (1) research on this phenomenon is very recent and underdeveloped in Europe, (2) theoretical and conceptual frameworks are poorly developed and extended, (3) there is a significant impact of violence characteristics (e.g., severity, type) on help-seeking, and (4) help-seeking is a complex and multifactorial process influenced by a wide range of factors simultaneously individual and social. To conclude, these findings lead us to propose a psychosocial conceptualization of the help-seeking process by indicating how the levels of explanation approach in social psychology can be applied to this field of research in order to increase our understanding of this phenomenon.

Women’s Healing Journey From Intimate Partner Violence: Establishing Positive Sexuality

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 779-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meredith E. Bagwell-Gray
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Women's Healing

Survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) have an elevated risk for negative sexual health outcomes, including HIV and sexually transmitted infection (STI). Given the unique risk contexts for survivors, there is a need for effective sexual health interventions that take into account the imbalances of power for women who are survivors of IPV. Toward the aim of informing contextually relevant intervention approaches, this article describes women’s strategies toward maintaining their sexual health in the context of violent, controlling relationships. Strategies are examined across women’s healing process. Data were collected through semi-structured, in-person interviews with women who had experienced IPV ( N = 28). Participants had a wide range of negative sexual health outcomes and commonly used an analogy of a journey to describe their healing. Throughout these journeys, women gained more confidence and ownership over their sexuality. Themes centered around enhanced self-acceptance, ownership of personal sexuality, and readiness for desirable sexual partnerships.

What Is Violence against Women and Girls (VAWG)?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqui True
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Women And Girls ◽  
Forms Of Violence

What do we mean by VAWG? “Violence against women and girls” (VAWG) is a catch-all phrase. It includes a wide range of forms of violence. Often when people talk about VAWG in Western societies, they are referring to intimate partner violence or domestic violence...

scholarly journals “Don’t You Think It Is Violence Forcing Me to Have Sex While Not Happy?” Women’s Conceptualization of Enjoyable Sex and Sexual Intimate Partner Violence in Mwanza, Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 7937
Author(s):  
Zaina Mchome ◽  
Gerry Mshana ◽  
Diana Aloyce ◽  
Esther Peter ◽  
Donati Malibwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Sexual Relationships ◽  
Physical Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Forced Sex ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sexual Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Health And Development ◽  
Depth Interviews

Intimate partner violence is a recognized public health and development issue that is consistently and comparatively measured through women’s experience of physical and/or sexual acts by their partner. While physical intimate partner violence is covered by a wide range of behaviors, sexual intimate partner violence (SIPV) is often only measured through attempted or completed forced sex, ignoring less obvious forms of sexual intimate partner violence. We explored women’s conceptualizations of SIPV by conducting in-depth interviews with 18 Tanzanian women. Using a thematic approach, we identified key features of women’s sexual intimate relationships and their perceptions of them. The women clearly defined acts of positive sexual relationships that occurred with mutual consent and seduction and SIPV that included acts of forced sex and sex under the threat of violence. They also identified several acts that were crossing the line, whereby a discrepancy of views existed whether they constituted SIPV, such as having sex when out of the mood, sex being the duty of the wife, sex during the menses, requests for anal sex, having sex to not lose the husband, husband refusing sex and husband having other partners. Women in this study felt violated by a far wider range of sexual acts in their relationships. Future studies need to improve the measurement of sexual intimate partner violence to allow the collection of encompassing, yet comparable, data on this harmful phenomenon.

Intimate Partner Violence, Women, and Work: Coping on the Job

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 561-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer E. Swanberg ◽  
Caroline Macke ◽  
TK Logan
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Women And Work ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Employed Women ◽  
Workplace Supports ◽  
Work Interference ◽  
Significant Health

Intimate partner violence is a significant health problem for women, with consequences extending to work as well as society at large. This article describes workplace interference tactics, how women cope with violence at work, and workplace supports for a sample of recently employed women with domestic violence orders (DVO; n = 518). Results indicate that violent partners used a wide range of work interference tactics, that women were more likely to tell someone at work about the victimization than they were to hide the information, and that coworkers and supervisors provided a range of supports to women who did disclose their situation. Implications for further research and practice are discussed.

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