Beyond Trauma Exposure: Discrimination and Posttraumatic Stress, Internalizing, and Externalizing Problems Among Detained Youth

According to the race-based traumatic stress model, racial discrimination is proposed to comprise a traumatic experience that results in posttraumatic stress symptoms, as well as internalizing and externalizing problems among youth. Accordingly, a significant body of research has emerged that supports the associations among these constructs. However, the majority of these empirical studies have not accounted for the potential role of traditionally defined traumatic events in these associations. This study investigated whether self-reported racial discrimination was related to posttraumatic stress symptoms, internalizing, and externalizing symptoms above and beyond the impact of other trauma exposures in a sample of 266 detained youth (79% boys, 60% identified as an ethnic minority). Results of hierarchical linear regressions demonstrated that, after accounting for youths’ other trauma exposures, racial discrimination accounted for significant variance in the models predicting delinquency and risk-taking but no other externalizing and internalizing problems, or posttraumatic stress symptoms. These findings indicate that racial discrimination may be particularly important for understanding offending behavior among detained youth.

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Risk and protective factors for comorbid internalizing and externalizing problems among economically disadvantaged African American youth

Development and Psychopathology ◽

10.1017/s0954579416001012 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 1043-1056 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jingwen Liu ◽

Brian Mustanski ◽

Danielle Dick ◽

John Bolland ◽

Darlene A. Kertes

Keyword(s):

African American ◽

Protective Factors ◽

Racial Discrimination ◽

Collective Efficacy ◽

Life Events ◽

Externalizing Problems ◽

Stressful Life Events ◽

Stressful Life ◽

Internalizing And Externalizing Problems ◽

Internalizing And Externalizing

AbstractComorbidity of internalizing and externalizing problems and its risk and protective factors have not been well incorporated into developmental research, especially among racial minority youth from high-poverty neighborhoods. The present study identified a latent comorbid factor as well as specific factors underlying internalizing and externalizing problems among 592 African American adolescents living in economically disadvantaged neighborhoods (291 male; M age = 15.9 years, SD = 1.43 years). Stressful life events and racial discrimination were associated with higher comorbid problems, whereas stressful life events and exposure to violence were associated with higher specific externalizing problems. Collective efficacy was associated with both lower specific externalizing problems and lower comorbid problems. Moreover, high collective efficacy buffered the risk effects of stressful life events and racial discrimination on comorbid problems. Our results demonstrated the advantages of latent variable modeling to understanding comorbidity by articulating impacts of risk factors on comorbid and specific components underlying internalizing and externalizing problems. They also highlighted the protective effect of collective efficacy in mitigating risks for these problems. These findings broadly call for more studies on comorbidities in developmental psychopathology among youth from diverse sociocultural backgrounds.

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Perceived Self-efficacy during an Emergency Situation Reduces Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms

The Spanish Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1017/sjp.2013.56 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Elisa Saccinto ◽

Lola Vallès ◽

Ed Hilterman ◽

Malin Roiha ◽

Luca Pietrantoni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Posttraumatic Stress ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Traumatic Event ◽

Emergency Situation ◽

Female Gender ◽

Protective Role ◽

Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms ◽

Emergency Situations ◽

Stress Symptoms ◽

The Impact

AbstractThis study investigates if perceived self-efficacy during an emergency situation has a protective role in the development of posttraumatic stress symptoms among Italian and Spanish survivors of several emergency situations. We explored the impact of self-efficacy in a multiple regression model including other predictors of posttraumatic stress symptoms, such as emergency prevention knowledge; trust in emergency services; risk perception of becoming a victim of an emergency situation; and conscious and active behaviors in comparison with no conscious and no active behavior during the emergency. We carried out a retrospective study recruiting 214 participants who reported their experience as victims of one specific emergency event. Results showed that survivors who perceived themselves as more self-efficacious during the traumatic event had less posttraumatic stress symptoms. In contrast, female gender, more self-threat perception and higher trauma severity were associated with more symptoms. Findings contribute to better understand human behavior in emergency situations and evidence the protective role of perceived self-efficacy beliefs among survivors of emergency situations.

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Advances on Parental Educational Styles Predictors of Internalizing and Externalizing Behaviors in Children

Universitas Psychologica ◽

10.11144/javeriana.upsy18-5.apes ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (5) ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Jaime Humberto Moreno Méndez ◽

José Pedro Espada Sánchez ◽

Inmaculada Gómez Becerra

Keyword(s):

Public Schools ◽

Internalizing Problems ◽

Externalizing Problems ◽

Child Behavior Checklist ◽

Externalizing Behaviors ◽

Internalizing And Externalizing Problems ◽

Internalizing And Externalizing Behaviors ◽

Externalizing And Internalizing Problems ◽

Communication Difficulties ◽

Internalizing And Externalizing

The purposes of this study were to perform a psychometric analysis of the Parental Educational Styles Questionnaire and to evaluate its predictive validity on externalizing and internalizing problems in Colombian children. Participants were 680 parents (M= 37.34; SD= 9.2) of children aged between 8 and 12 years enrolled in public schools in Bogota, Colombia. The parental educational styles questionnaire and the child behavior checklist -parents format- were applied to the participants. The resulting model presents the best indicators of favorable fit according to confirmatory factorial analyses. These values show an internal consistence of the instrument. The results indicate that dysfunctional reaction to disobedience, communication difficulties and conflicts predicted internalizing and externalizing problems.

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The Impact of Internet Coverage of the March 2011 Japan Earthquake on Sleep and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms: An International Perspective

American Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.11081281 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 169 (2) ◽

pp. 221-222 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Eric Bui ◽

Rachel F. Rodgers ◽

Christophe Herbert ◽

Debra L. Franko ◽

Naomi M. Simon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Posttraumatic Stress ◽

International Perspective ◽

Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms ◽

Stress Symptoms ◽

The Impact

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Effect of a group intervention for children and their parents who have cancer

Palliative & Supportive Care ◽

10.1017/s1478951516001115 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 15 (5) ◽

pp. 575-586 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mariko Kobayashi ◽

Sue P. Heiney ◽

Kaori Osawa ◽

Miwa Ozawa ◽

Eisuke Matsushima

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Posttraumatic Stress ◽

Group Intervention ◽

The United States ◽

Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms ◽

School Aged Children ◽

Stress Symptoms ◽

Children And Parents ◽

The Impact

ABSTRACTObjective:Although support programs for children whose parents have cancer have been described and evaluated, formal research has not been conducted to document outcomes. We adapted a group intervention called CLIMB®, originally developed in the United States, and implemented it in Tokyo, Japan, for school-aged children and their parents with cancer. The purpose of this exploratory pilot study was to examine the feasibility, acceptability, and impact of the Japanese version of the CLIMB® Program on children's stress and parents' quality of life and psychosocial distress.Methods:We enrolled children and parents in six waves of replicate sets for the six-week group intervention. A total of 24 parents (23 mothers and 1 father) diagnosed with cancer and 38 school-aged children (27 girls and 11 boys) participated in our study. Intervention fidelity, including parent and child satisfaction with the program, was examined. The impact of the program was analyzed using a quasiexperimental within-subject design comparing pre- and posttest assessments of children and parents in separate analyses.Results:Both children and parents experienced high levels of satisfaction with the program. Children's posttraumatic stress symptoms related to a parent's illness decreased after the intervention as measured by the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder–Reaction Index. No difference was found in children's psychosocial stress. The Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy scores indicated that parents' quality of life improved after the intervention in all domains except for physical well-being. However, no differences were found in parents' psychological distress and posttraumatic stress symptoms.Significance of results:Our results suggest that the group intervention using the CLIMB® Program relieved children's posttraumatic stress symptoms and improved parents' quality of life. The intervention proved the feasibility of delivering the program using manuals and training. Further research is needed to provide more substantiation for the benefits of the program.

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Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms Among Polyvictimized Women in the Colombian Armed Conflict: The Mediating Role of Social Acknowledgment

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.741917 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

José Luis González-Castro ◽

Silvia Ubillos-Landa ◽

Alicia Puente-Martínez ◽

Marcela Gracia-Leiva ◽

Gina Marcela Arias-Rodriguez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Posttraumatic Stress ◽

Armed Conflict ◽

Traumatic Event ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Stress Symptoms ◽

Las Mujeres ◽

Post War ◽

The Impact

For decades, in a situation of armed conflict in Colombia, women have suffered polyvictimization and discrimination with severe consequences that last even during the post-war peace process. This study analyzes the impact on posttraumatic stress and recovery of war-related violence against women, discrimination, and social acknowledgment. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019–2020. Participants were 148 women with a mean age of 47.66years (range 18–83), contacted through the NGO Ruta Pacifica de las Mujeres who had experienced significant personal violence. Results show that levels of perceived discrimination and lack of social acknowledgment are mediators in the relationship between polyvictimization and posttraumatic stress symptoms. Recognition by significant others, disapproval by family and the larger social milieu affects different posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) dimensions and therefore how these women adapt to the effects of trauma. Findings provide strong evidence that the way society and family treats women after a traumatic event affects how the victim recovers from this event. Recognition as a victim and disapproval can coexist and be a burden for women if not adequately addressed. Results stress the importance of understanding and intervening in PTSD recovery through the analysis of social processes, and not only through and individual focus.

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