Extending Johnson’s Typology: Additional Manifestations of Dating Violence and Coercive Control

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110051
Author(s):  
Nicole E. Conroy ◽  
Claire G. Crowley
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Complex Dynamics ◽  
Coercive Control ◽  
Dating Relationships ◽  
Relationship Types ◽  
Couple Violence ◽  
Situational Couple Violence

In this study, we explored patterns of violence and coercive control in young adult dating relationships by testing and extending Johnson’s typology of intimate partner violence. Young adults ( N = 398) between 18 and 27 years old completed an online survey about experiences of violence and coercive control in current and past dating relationships. Using cluster analysis, we classified relationships as no/low coercive control and high coercive control. We then categorized relationship types according to Johnson’s typology using the coercive control clusters and the absence/presence of violence. In total, 35% of relationships were abusive (i.e., violent and/or high coercive control), with 24% of all reported relationships including violence with and without high coercive control, and 11% including nonviolent coercive control. Among violent relationships, situational couple violence was more common than other types of dating violence, and two additional types of violence were found: (a) violence toward a nonviolent coercive controlling partner and (b) nonviolent coercive control toward an intimate terrorist, both of which are potentially types of resistance distinct from Johnson’s concept of violent resistance. Additionally, victims of intimate terrorism and victims of nonviolent coercive control were significantly more fearful of their partners than victims of situational couple violence, and victims of situational couple violence did not differ in their fear of partners compared to respondents in nonabusive relationships. These findings identify additional abusive relationship types and elucidate the importance of extending Johnson’s typology to more comprehensively capture the complex dynamics of coercive control and/or violence in young adult dating relationships.

Intimate Terrorism and Situational Couple Violence: Classification Variability Across Five Methods to Distinguish Johnson’s Violent Relationship Types

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 955-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica J. Eckstein
Keyword(s):  
Partner Violence ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Control Variable ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
Intimate Terrorism ◽  
Relationship Types ◽  
Couple Violence ◽  
Situational Couple Violence ◽  
Violent Relationship

Johnson’s (1995, 2008) theory of violent relationship types represents an opportunity to resolve debates surrounding intimate partner violence (IPV) prevalence and to adapt policy and treatment options for victims accordingly. However, the use of quantitative methods to distinguish between situational couple violence (SCV) and intimate terrorism (IT) remains in its initial stages of discovery. This study included a 2-phase (N = 840; via targeted community and agency sampling) online survey design comparing the utility and grouping variability across 5 methods of IT/SCV classification: victimization-variables and coercive-control-variable hierarchical clustering, vignette-choice, cutoff scoring, and expert coding. Findings are discussed in terms of contributions to differing IPV-research perspectives, researchers’ understanding of existing classification methods, and practitioners’ awareness of victims’ voices in quantitative research.

scholarly journals Untangling the concept of coercive control: Theorizing domestic violent crime

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Walby ◽  
Jude Towers
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Violent Crime ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Coercive Control ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Intimate Terrorism ◽  
Original Analysis ◽  
Couple Violence ◽  
Situational Couple Violence

The article assesses three approaches to domestic violence: two that use the concept of ‘coercive control’ and one that uses ‘domestic violent crime’. These are: Stark’s concept of coercive control; Johnson’s distinction between situational couple violence and intimate terrorism, in which coercive control is confined to the latter; and that of domestic violent crime, in which all physical violence is conceptualized as coercive and controlling. The article assesses these three approaches on seven issues. It offers original analysis of data from the Crime Survey for England and Wales concerning variations in repetition and seriousness in domestic violent crime. It links escalation in domestic violent crime to variations in the economic resources of the victim. It concludes that the concept of domestic violent crime is preferable to that of coercive control when seeking to explain variations in domestic violence.

scholarly journals Investigating Violence and Control Dyadically in a Help-Seeking Sample from Mozambique

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Graham-Kevan ◽  
Antonio Eugenio Zacarias ◽  
Joaquim J. F. Soares
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Healthcare Service ◽  
Intimate Violence ◽  
Intimate Terrorism ◽  
Couple Violence ◽  
Situational Couple Violence ◽  
And Control ◽  
Controlling Behaviors

A sample of 1442 women attending a Forensic Healthcare Service provided information on their own and their partners' use of controlling behaviors, partner violence, and sexual abuse, as well as their own experiences of childhood abuse. Using Johnson's typology, the relationships were categorized as Nonviolent, Intimate Terrorism, or Situational Couple Violence. Findings suggest that help-seeking women’s experiences of intimate violence may be diverse, with their roles ranging from victim to perpetrator.

Perpetrator Risk Markers for Intimate Terrorism and Situational Couple Violence: A Meta-Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 922-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather A. Love ◽  
Chelsea M. Spencer ◽  
Scott A. May ◽  
Marcos Mendez ◽  
Sandra M. Stith
Keyword(s):  
Partner Violence ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Sample Type ◽  
Risk Markers ◽  
Female Victims ◽  
Control Power ◽  
Intimate Terrorism ◽  
Couple Violence ◽  
Situational Couple Violence

Johnson developed a typology of intimate partner violence (IPV) which includes two different categories of violence: situational couple violence (SCV) and intimate terrorism (IT). Johnson proposed that IT is more likely to be found in clinical samples (e.g., batterer intervention programs or domestic violence shelters) compared to nonclinical (general population) samples. This meta-analysis ( n = 149 studies; k = 216 effect sizes) examines differences in the strengths of IPV risk markers in clinical and nonclinical samples of male perpetrators and female victims. All variables (communication and conflict resolution, demand–withdraw patterns, relationship dissatisfaction, controlling behaviors, jealousy, patriarchal beliefs, power in the relationship, and stalking) were expected to be significantly related to IPV for both clinical and nonclinical populations. However, specific variables indicative of IT (control, jealousy, patriarchal beliefs, power, and stalking) were expected to be more strongly associated with clinical samples compared to nonclinical samples. As expected, most variables were significant for clinical and nonclinical populations, and IT risk markers (control, power, jealousy, and patriarchal beliefs) were significantly stronger risk markers for IPV in clinical samples. These results indicate that Johnson’s typology may be conceptualized as representing a continuum of violence, with IT being more severe due to the controlling nature of the violence. Sample type needs to be considered when research about IPV is disseminated, as different degrees of IPV (IT vs. SCV) may be present depending on sample type. Implications from this study include the need to differentiate the level of violence and to tailor intervention for IPV appropriately.

scholarly journals A FAIRYTALE ENDING? Violence in Young Adult Dating Relationships in New Zealand:Testing the utility of Johnson’s typology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fleur McLaren
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Male Dominance ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Dating Relationships ◽  
Gender Symmetry ◽  
Different Types

<b>Dating violence is a serious social problem that causes significant harm and negative outcomes for young adults (Shorey, Cornelius, & Bell, 2008). Attempts to explain dating violence have often treated those who experience it as a homogeneous group, with theorists divided over the question of gender symmetry versus male dominance as perpetrators. While family conflict researchers advocate gender symmetry, most feminist researchers stress differential offending rates that reflect current gender inequalities. </b><p>A more sophisticated conceptual framework is required that captures the heterogeneous and complex nature of violence in dating and other interpersonal relationships (Lewis & Fremouw, 2001). This has led a number of researchers to develop empirically-based theories and models that attempt to reconcile different findings across studies. One of these is a typology of violence developed by Michael Johnson (2008) as a way to reconcile the differences between studies. </p> <b>This thesis applies Johnson’s typology to the context of young adult dating relationships in New Zealand with the aim of understanding more about the role of gender within intimate partner relationships. I utilised a mixed methods approach that included an extensive literature review, key informant interviews, an online survey, and in-depth qualitative interviews. </b><p>This research identified two overarching findings. First, there was overwhelming evidence that a large majority of young adults experience some form of violence in a dating relationship, from more minor experiences to dating relationships characterised by severe and terrifying violence. The data demonstrate how dating violence is linked to the social norms of a youth culture characterised by high alcohol use and expectations around ‘hooking-up’, with contemporary technology adding to the complexities facing young adults as they navigate this terrain. </p> <b>The second main finding from this study was that there was positive support for Johnson’s (2008) typology in that there are different types of violence in intimate relationships, in this case in dating relationships. The interview data suggest that the complexity of dating violence is better captured through such a typological framework that does not view all dating violence as a unitary phenomenon. My application of Johnson’s typology provides a narrative that accounts for both dominant traditional gendered violence and also for violent relationships characterised by mutual expressions of conflict and violence. There are, however, some risks associated with the use of such typologies that I also identify and address. </b><p>This study holds particular significance as one of the few New Zealand-based analyses of violence occurring in the context of contemporary New Zealand dating relationships. The findings provide strong support for the need to focus on a range of interventions and programmes delivered to young adults who are experiencing different types of violence. They also underscore the importance of critically analysing media messages, challenging traditional gender norms, and confronting attitudes and beliefs that support and validate the use of violence in dating relationships. </p>

What Happens After I Hit? A Qualitative Analysis of the Consequences of Dating Violence for Female Perpetrators

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara L. Cornelius ◽  
Kathryn M. Bell ◽  
Nicole Wyngarden ◽  
Ryan C. Shorey
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Violence Prevention ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Dating Relationships ◽  
Undergraduate Women ◽  
Female Perpetrators ◽  
Dating Couples

Objectives: The primary goal of this study is to qualitatively examine reinforcing and punishing consequences following the perpetration of physical aggression by women in dating relationships because recent theoretical conceptualizations of intimate partner violence have emphasized an examination of such consequences. Method: Participants were 25 undergraduate women in current dating relationships who reported previous perpetration of physical dating violence and completed a qualitative, theoretically based interview on the consequences of their aggression perpetration. Results: Findings demonstrated that violent episodes resulted in both reinforcing and punishing consequences, with 100% of instances resulting in reinforcing consequences for the perpetrator and 76% classified as punishing, which were divided into 15 different classes of outcomes. Conclusions: These findings suggest that dating violence prevention programming could focus their efforts on increasing use of nonaggressive behaviors leading to reinforcing outcomes among dating couples during conflict resolution. This also has important implications for theoretical models of intimate partner violence.

scholarly journals The Differential Effects of Intimate Terrorism and Situational Couple Violence

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Johnson ◽  
Janel M. Leone
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Wife Abuse ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Syndrome ◽  
Intimate Terrorism ◽  
Couple Violence ◽  
Situational Couple Violence ◽  
Husband Violence

Data from the National Violence Against Women Survey show that the two major forms of husband violence toward their wives (intimate terrorism and situational couple violence) have different effects on their victims. Victims of intimate terrorism are attacked more frequently and experience violence that is less likely to stop. They are more likely to be injured, to exhibit more of the symptoms of posttraumatic stress syndrome, to use painkillers (perhaps also tranquilizers), and to miss work. They have left their husbands more often, and when they do leave, they are more likely to acquire their own residence. If we want to understand the true impact of wife abuse from survey data (rather than from agency data), we must make distinctions among types of violence so that the data used to describe battering are not diluted by data regarding other types of partner violence.

scholarly journals An Integrative Exploration of Sexual, Physical, Psychological, and Cyber-Digital Relationship Abuse in Adolescent and Young Adult Relationships

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Saint-Eloi Cadely ◽  
Tiffani Kisler
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Psychological Aggression ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adult ◽  
Dating Relationships ◽  
Relationship Abuse ◽  
Youth And Young Adults

Although detrimental for any age group, rates of experiencing sexual assault (SA) are found to be the highest among young adults; with nearly 25% of young adult women indicating to have experienced SA at least once in their romantic relationship. SA is also common among adolescents, as 33% of young women between the ages of 11–17 indicated to have been raped. The effects from SA include depression, trauma, and interpersonal distress, which are similar to the effects of other forms of intimate partner violence (IPV) (i.e., physical and psychological aggression), suggesting a covariation between these various forms of aggression. Additionally, a new form of dating violence has emerged; cyber-digital relationship abuse (CDRA). This behavior is commonly expressed via means of social media (e.g., Facebook, Twitter, & Snapchat) and through digital means (e.g., texting and email) whereby youth and young adults harass, threaten, control, and monitor their partners whereabouts. Recent studies have indicated that CDRA may serve as a precursor to physical violence in dating relationships. The purpose of this chapter is to provide an integrative exploration of sexual, physical, psychological, and CDRA by tracking the progression and concurrence across these various forms of IPV among youth and young adults. Implications for interventions will also be discussed.

Stalking Perpetration in Dating Relationships: The Role of Anger Management and Emotion Regulation

Partner Abuse ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-269
Author(s):  
Catherine V. Strauss ◽  
Tara L. Cornelius ◽  
Ryan C. Shorey
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Anger Management ◽  
College Men ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Dating Relationships ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Relationship Termination

Stalking is a form of dating violence that has typically been studied after relationship termination, despite evidence suggesting that stalking often occurs within current dating relationships. Consequently, there is a dearth of research on correlates of stalking perpetration among intact dating relationships. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to examine correlates of stalking perpetration among college men and women in intact dating relationships (N = 627) in order to identify possible risk factors for stalking perpetration. Using the dating violence literature and theoretical models for intimate partner violence perpetration as a guide, two potential correlates of stalking were examined: emotion regulation and anger management. Results demonstrated that anger management was positively correlated with stalking perpetration in men and women, and emotion regulation was also consistently correlated to stalking perpetration in women. Given that this is the first known study to examine correlates of stalking perpetration behaviors in dating college students, our findings provide a base from which additional investigations can be developed.

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