Is Violence, Violence no Matter Where it Strikes? Adjudicated Boys, Thwarted Belongingness, Perceived Burdensomeness, and Acquired Capability for Suicide

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110550
Author(s):  
Judy A. Van Wyk
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Interpersonal Theory ◽  
Thwarted Belongingness ◽  
Perceived Burdensomeness ◽  
Acquired Capability ◽  
Suicidal Attempts

This study explores treating violence against others as a precursor to self-directed violence. It tests the utility of including violence against others in the measure of acquired capability to test assumptions from the interpersonal theory of violence. Four theoretical hypotheses are assessed that are consistent with the theory: (1) thwarted belongingness (parental abandonment and rejection) and perceived burdensomeness (exposure to parental interpersonal violence and child abuse) independently increase the likelihood of suicidal ideation; (2) the interaction of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness increases the likelihood of suicidal ideation controlling for other pertinent variables; (3) the three-way interaction of thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and acquired capability (violence against others and prior suicidal attempts) increases the likelihood of suicidal attempts controlling for other pertinent variables; and (4) self-harm responds to the theoretical variables and similarly, to attempts. Subjects are court-adjudicated males (ages 13–18) who were residents for up to 1 year at the Ocean Tides School and rehabilitation center from 1975–2019. The data span 44 years and include 2195 youth. Depression, drug/alcohol use, race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and interaction terms between SES and race and SES and ethnicity are also examined. Backward conditional logistic regression analyses find mixed support for the hypotheses, but strong support for including violence against others in the concept of acquired capability. Support is also found for conceptualizing child abuse and exposure to parental interpersonal violence as perceived burdensomeness in tests of this theory as well as measures of depression. Major implications for programming in the treatment and rehabilitation of delinquent boys include conceptualizing and approaching violence against others as a precursor to suicidal attempts and other self-directed harm.

scholarly journals Role of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness in the relationship between violent daydreaming and suicidal ideation in two adult samples

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Chu ◽  
Megan L. Rogers ◽  
Anna R. Gai ◽  
Thomas E. Joiner
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Interpersonal Theory ◽  
Thwarted Belongingness ◽  
Perceived Burdensomeness ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Despite evidence that violent daydreaming is a correlate of suicidal ideation, no research has examined the mechanisms underlying this association. The interpersonal theory of suicide may provide insight. This theory postulates that individuals with high suicidal desire experience intractable feelings of perceived burdensomeness (PB) and thwarted belongingness (TB). Violent daydreaming may fuel negative attitudes toward others and oneself and turn attention away from loved ones, thereby increasing feelings that one is a burden on others (PB) and socially disconnected (TB). However, no studies have tested TB and PB as explanatory mechanisms. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationships between violent daydreaming, PB, TB, suicidal ideation, and depression in two samples (n=818). Design/methodology/approach Study 1 was comprised of general undergraduates, and Study 2 selected for undergraduates with a history of ideation. Self-report measures were administered and indirect effects analyses were conducted. Findings In both studies, violent daydreaming was associated with increased feelings of PB, TB, and ideation severity. Consistent with the interpersonal theory, TB and PB were significant parallel mediators of the relationship between violent daydreaming and suicidal ideation, beyond sex and age. In contrast to Study 1, results were no longer significant in Study 2 after accounting for depression. Originality/value This was the first study to test TB and PB as mechanisms underlying the relationship between violent daydreaming and suicide risk. Findings highlight the importance of monitoring and addressing violent daydreams and interpersonal functioning throughout treatment to mitigate risk.

775 The Relationship Between Sleep and Suicidal Ideation in College Students

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A301-A302
Author(s):  
Krishna Taneja ◽  
Andrew Tubbs ◽  
Fabian-Xosé Fernandez ◽  
Michael Perlis ◽  
Michael Grandner
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Interpersonal Theory ◽  
Thwarted Belongingness ◽  
Perceived Burdensomeness ◽  
Interpersonal Theory Of Suicide ◽  
Short Sleep ◽  
Sleep Control

Abstract Introduction Suicide is the second-leading cause of death for young adults and insomnia increases suicide risk. However, the data on disrupted sleep and suicidal ideation in college students is mixed, including whether disrupted sleep fits into the framework of the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide. Therefore, the present study explored how four different sleep variables influenced recent suicidal ideation in a collegiate sample. Methods Data from N=506 respondents were collected as part of the Assessing Nocturnal Sleep/Wake Effects on Risk of Suicide (ANSWERS) Survey in college students. The primary outcome, active suicidal ideation in the last 3 months, was assessed using several self-report questions derived from the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale. The predictors were weekday short sleep (≤6h; assessed by retrospective sleep diary), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) score, Brief Inventory of Sleep Control (BRISC) score, and Disturbing Dreams and Nightmares Severity Index (DDNSI) score. Binomial logistic regression models estimated the associations between suicidal ideation and sleep variables in models that were unadjusted, adjusted for age, sex, race, and ethnicity, and additionally adjusted for thwarted belongingness or perceived burdensomeness (constructs from the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide). Results A total of N=121 (23.9%) respondents endorsed suicidal ideation in the last 3 months. Individuals with suicidal ideation were in poorer health (p<0.001) and had more severe depression (p<0.001) and anxiety (p<0.001). In unadjusted models, individuals were more likely to report suicidal ideation if they had short sleep (OR 1.93 [1.23–3.05]), ISI scores of 8 or more (OR 3.01 [1.94–4.74]), and DDNSI scores of 10 or more (OR 2.66 [1.69–4.19]). Higher BRISC scores were associated with lower odds of suicidal ideation (OR 0.53 [0.41–0.68]). Adjusting for age, sex, race, ethnicity, thwarted belongingness, and perceived burdensomeness attenuated but did not eliminate any of these relationships. Conclusion Insomnia, short sleep, nightmares, and less perceived sleep control were all associated with recent suicidal ideation in college students. Moreover, these findings were generally independent of the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide. Further research is needed to understand how sleep affects suicide risk in this population, and whether sleep interventions can reduce this risk. Support (if any):

scholarly journals Shame and Suicidal Ideation among Undergraduates in China: The Mediating Effect of Thwarted Belongingness and Perceived Burdensomeness

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingjing Zhao ◽  
Yanna Chi ◽  
Yanli Ju ◽  
Xiyao Liu ◽  
Jingjing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Psychological Intervention ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Interpersonal Theory ◽  
Mediating Effects ◽  
Suicide Risk Assessment ◽  
Thwarted Belongingness ◽  
Perceived Burdensomeness ◽  
Interpersonal Theory Of Suicide

Undergraduate students with shame are more likely to experience suicidal ideation, but there remains a lack of research investigating the factors underlying this relationship. The interpersonal theory of suicide posits that suicidal ideation is influenced by the simultaneous presence of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness. We examined the prevalence of suicidal ideation among undergraduate students in China and examined the association between shame and suicidal ideation mediated by perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness. A survey was conducted in July 2018 involving 2320 undergraduate students, and the twelve-month prevalence of suicidal ideation was 8.95%. Shame played a crucial role in predicting suicidal ideation, and the mediating effects of perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness between shame and suicidal ideation were significant. Suicidal ideation is common among undergraduate students in China and merits greater attention. Shame, perceived burdensomeness, and thwarted belongingness may be important factors to assess among undergraduate students in suicide risk assessment and psychological intervention.

scholarly journals The Interpersonal–Psychological Theory of Suicide in Medical Students: Comparisons of Individuals without Suicidality, Ideators, and Planners

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 11526
Author(s):  
Alice Solibieda ◽  
Marianne Rotsaert ◽  
Gwenolé Loas
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Psychological Theory ◽  
Pain Tolerance ◽  
Thwarted Belongingness ◽  
Undergraduate Medical Students ◽  
Perceived Burdensomeness ◽  
Acquired Capability ◽  
Interpersonal Psychological Theory

The aim of this study was to explore the interpersonal–psychological theory of suicide (IPTS) in medical students. Higher levels of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness were expected in medical students with suicidality compared with medical students without suicidality, and a high level of acquired capability was expected in planners compared with ideators. Recruited for the study were 178 undergraduate medical students at the Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB): 95 subjects without suicidality, 24 subjects with lifetime suicidality, 28 subjects with recent suicidal ideation, and 26 planners. An ad hoc questionnaire evaluated the risk of suicide as well as the “Suicidal thoughts and wishes” item of the BDI-II. The Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (INS) measured thwarted belongingness (TB) and perceived burdensomeness (PB). The Acquired Capability for Suicide Scale (ACSS) measured notably fearlessness of death or pain tolerance and depression was rated using the revised version of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Cognitive–affective symptoms of depression (CA-BDI) were assessed using six items of the BDI. Analyses of variance showed significant differences between groups for TB and PB but not for ACSS. Analyses of covariance, controlling for the CA-BDI scores, confirmed the significance of differences in TB and PB. Post hoc tests showed that (1) high levels of TB were characteristic of subjects with recent suicidal ideation and planners compared with subjects without suicidality; and (2) high levels of PB were characteristic of planners compared with the three other groups. Among the three characteristics of the IPTS, PB could be a strong predictor of severe suicide risk in medical students.

scholarly journals Predicting suicidal ideation in a nationally representative sample of young adults: a 12-month prospective study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Karen Wetherall ◽  
Seonaid Cleare ◽  
Sarah Eschle ◽  
Eamonn Ferguson ◽  
Daryl B. O'Connor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Interpersonal Theory ◽  
Thwarted Belongingness ◽  
Perceived Burdensomeness ◽  
Interpersonal Theory Of Suicide ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Evidence-based theoretical models outlining the pathways to the development of suicidal ideation may inform treatment. The current research draws from the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide (IPT) and the Integrated Motivational-Volitional (IMV) Model of suicidal behaviour and aims to test the interaction between perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness as proposed by the IPT model, and the defeat-entrapment pathway as proposed by the IMV model, in the prediction of suicidal ideation at 12-month follow-up. Methods The Scottish Wellbeing Study is a nationally representative prospective study of young people aged 18–34 years (n = 3508) from across Scotland, who completed a baseline interview and a 12-month follow-up (n = 2420). The core factors from both the IPT (perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness) and the IMV model (defeat, internal and external entrapment) were measured alongside demographics, depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation at baseline. At 12-month follow-up, suicidal ideation was assessed again. Results In multiple regression analysis perceived burdensomeness and internal entrapment, with baseline suicidal ideation, predicted 12-month suicidal ideation. No support for the interaction between perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness in predicting 12-month suicidal ideation was found. However, there was evidence that internal, but not external, entrapment mediated the relationship between defeat and 12-month suicidal ideation, but no support was found for the moderation of burdensomeness and belongingness on the entrapment to suicidal ideation pathway. Conclusions The current findings highlight the importance of targeting perceived burdensomeness and internal entrapment to reduce the likelihood that suicidal ideation emerges in at risk individuals.

Testing Joiner's Theory of Suicide in Jail Inmates: An Exploratory Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupendra Simlot ◽  
Kevin McFarland ◽  
David Lester
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Interpersonal Theory ◽  
Jail Inmates ◽  
Thwarted Belongingness ◽  
Perceived Burdensomeness ◽  
Interpersonal Theory Of Suicide ◽  
Acquired Capability ◽  
Self Harm

Thomas Joiner has proposed an interpersonal theory of suicide in which thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and an acquired capability to commit self-harm predict suicidal behavior. In an exploratory study, a questionnaire was administered to 38 jail inmates to test the applicability of this theory to these inmates. Only thwarted belongingness was associated with past suicidal behavior and the inmates' own prediction of the likelihood of future suicidal behavior.

scholarly journals Interpersonal theory of suicide: prospective examination

BJPsych Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Forkmann ◽  
Heide Glaesmer ◽  
Laura Paashaus ◽  
Dajana Rath ◽  
Antje Schönfelder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Interpersonal Theory ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Thwarted Belongingness ◽  
Perceived Burdensomeness ◽  
Interpersonal Theory Of Suicide ◽  
Suicide Intent

Background The interpersonal theory of suicide (IPTS) is one of the most intensively researched contemporary theories on the development of suicidal ideation and behaviour. However, there is a lack of carefully conducted prospective studies. Aims To evaluate the main predictions of the IPTS regarding the importance of perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness and capability for suicide in predicting future suicide attempts in a prospective design. Method Psychiatric in-patients (n = 308; 53.6% (n = 165) female; mean age 36.82 years, s.d. = 14.30, range 18–81) admitted for severe suicidal ideation (n = 145, 47.1%) or a suicide attempt completed self-report measures of thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, capability for suicide, hopelessness, depression and suicidal ideation as well as interviews on suicide intent and suicide attempts and were followed up for 12 months. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis were conducted. Results The interaction of perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness and capability for suicide was not predictive of future suicide attempts, but perceived burdensomeness showed a significant main effect (z = 3.49, P < 0.01; OR = 2.34, 95% CI 1.59–3.58) and moderate performance in screening for future suicide attempts (area under the curve AUC = 0.729, P < 0.01). Conclusions The results challenge the theoretical validity of the IPTS and its clinical utility – at least within the methodological limitations of the current study. Yet, findings underscore the importance of perceived burdensomeness in understanding suicidal ideation and behaviour.

Problematic Alcohol Use and Suicidal Ideation Among Firefighters: A Multi-Study Investigation of the Explanatory Roles of Perceived Burdensomeness and Thwarted Belongingness

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Austin James Gallyer ◽  
Sean Patrick Dougherty ◽  
Anna R. Gai ◽  
Ian H. Stanley ◽  
Melanie A. Hom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Interpersonal Theory ◽  
Thwarted Belongingness ◽  
Perceived Burdensomeness ◽  
Symptom Index ◽  
Problematic Alcohol ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Problematic Alcohol Use ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Firefighters are at increased risk for both problematic alcohol use and suicidality. Research has found that problematic alcohol use is related to suicidality among this population; however, limited data exist regarding what might account for this association. The present two-study investigation (1) examined the association between suicidality and problematic alcohol use among two large samples of current firefighters and (2) tested whether interpersonal theory of suicide constructs—perceived burdensomeness (PB) and thwarted belongingness (TB)—serve as indirect indicators of this relationship. Methods: Participants in Study 1 were 944 U.S. firefighters (12.5% female); participants in Study 2 were 241 U.S. women firefighters. Participants completed the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, and the Depressive Symptom Index: Suicidality Subscale (Study 1) or the Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors Interview (Study 2). Bias-corrected bootstrap indirect effects path analyses were utilized. Results: In Study 1, more problematic alcohol use was significantly associated with more severe career suicidal ideation via PB but not TB. In Study 2, problematic alcohol use was associated with career suicidal ideation via both PB and TB. PB seems to account for the relationship between problematic alcohol use and career suicidal ideation among male and female firefighters. Limitations: Limitations include use of a cross-sectional design, use of retrospective measures of suicidal ideation, and our findings were derived from subsamples of two existing datasets. Conclusions: Findings suggest that PB and TB may explain the relationship between problematic alcohol use and suicidal ideation, but that this effect is discrepant based on gender.

scholarly journals The Acquired Capability for Lethal Self Injury: Case Studies of Plath’s The Bell Jar and Eugenides’ The Virgin Suicides

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Sepideh Jafari ◽  
Simin Jafari ◽  
Roghayeh Kiyani Astar
Keyword(s):  
Mental States ◽  
Interpersonal Theory ◽  
Thwarted Belongingness ◽  
Perceived Burdensomeness ◽  
Psychological States ◽  
Acquired Capability ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Attitude Towards Death ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Desire To Die

Interpersonal theory developed by Joiner (2005) is based on the assumption that people die by suicide because they can-acquired capability-and because they want to- desire of suicide.  Desire to die arises from two specific psychological states: perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness.  The obtained ability of committing suicidal thoughts referred to the second segment of the approach consists of some specific factors, i.e., the person must be capable of doing some lethal activities courageously to put an end to the life; therefore, they present a fearless attitude towards death.  Another factor is endurance to face self-injuries pain acquired from the long painful experiences or probably stimulating and motivating situations.  In this paper, the researchers intended to present a Joinerian reading of Sylvia Plath’s only novel, the Bell Jar, and one of Jeffrey Eugenides’ prominent works, the Virgin Suicides.  In fact, this qualitative study would analyze the two selected novels (i.e., the Bell Jar and the Virgin Suicides) by the use of the acquired capability for suicide to find out why one takes his/her life by his/her own hands.  Based on the findings, Loneliness, social isolation, and thwarted effectiveness can be the mental states that have inflicted an acute pain on the heroines, a pain that makes them ready to die by suicides.  Suicidal ideation and witnessing other’s suicidal behaviors, habituates the heroines to the concept of death and suicide. 

scholarly journals Suicidal Ideation in Elite Schools: A Test of the Interpersonal Theory and the Escape Theory of Suicide

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène Landrault ◽  
Nemat Jaafari ◽  
Mohamed Amine ◽  
Gabriel Malka ◽  
Leila Selimbegovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Interpersonal Theory ◽  
Thwarted Belongingness ◽  
Perceived Burdensomeness ◽  
Elite Schools ◽  
Escape Theory ◽  
And Control

Objective: The present study compared the ability of two contemporary theories of suicidal behavior—the interpersonal and escape theories of suicide—to predict suicidal ideation. The interpersonal theory proposes that the interaction of perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness predicts suicidal ideation. The escape theory proposes that feelings of failure predict suicidal ideation and that escape motivation mediates this relationship. The present study intended to determine which of the two theories more successfully explains suicidal ideation. Method: A sample of 306 students from elite schools in Morocco (193 women, Mage = 21.21 years, predominantly Muslims) completed a questionnaire assessing feelings of failure and escape motivation, perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness, suicide ideation, and control variables. Results: In line with previous research, separate tests revealed support for the two theories. Interestingly, when entered simultaneously in a multiple regression analysis, the two frameworks explained a unique and cumulative part of the variance in suicidal ideation. Moreover, the effects remained significant after controlling for past suicide attempts, depression, hopelessness, and stress. Conclusions: The findings suggest that combining the interpersonal and escape theories of suicide could help better explain the emergence of suicidal ideation among college students.

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